動詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài) (2)

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1、 時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn)1、考查在語境中判斷動詞時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。?？嫉臅r(shí) 態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、現(xiàn)在進(jìn) 行、過去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn) 行、過去將來等。2、時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中動詞的時(shí)態(tài)；主從 句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)問題。3、持續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞的用法區(qū)別。4、及物動詞的被動語態(tài)。5、系動詞的用法特點(diǎn)。6、某些以主動形式表被動意義的動詞的用法。 最常用的幾種時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語的搭配一般現(xiàn)在every , sometimes,at , on Sunday 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行now, 現(xiàn)在完成for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till

2、/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般過去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 過去進(jìn)行this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 過去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 一般將來next, tomorrow, i

3、n 過去將來多用在間接引語中表示發(fā)生在謂語動作以后 的動作 1、現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （05遼寧卷）Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called2. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. (2001 N)

4、 A. will play B. have played C. played D. playBD說明：本題的干擾源為上下文的過去時(shí)，但“被稱為太平洋”是客觀現(xiàn)狀，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。說明：常識告訴我們，一個(gè)人一旦獲得某種技能，一般是不會在短期內(nèi)失去的，所以需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. （05湖南卷） A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning

5、D. are phoning 4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. (2001 N) A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change說明：自從我贏了大獎，人們不停地打電話來問我將怎樣使用這筆錢。此處的 are phoning 表示“不停的打電話”。說明：選擇移動電話難的原因是由于科技正在飛速發(fā)展，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；況且進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)常給人一種情感上的 描述，表示說話者

6、的一種“感慨、贊賞、憤怒、斥責(zé)”等。D A 5. _ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. （05北京春季）A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning 6. - You havent been to Beijing, have you? - _. How I wish to go there! (98 N) A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I havent C. No, I have D. No, I havent說明：

7、此題的干擾源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次電話是用來表示結(jié)果的，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；而每次她都占線是表示過去的動作，所以用一般過去時(shí)。說明：從補(bǔ)充的句子 “How I wish to go there!”可知“我”沒到過北京。C D 7. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. (98 N) A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted8. Now that she is out of a job, L

8、ucy_ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. （04北京） A had considered B has been considering C considered D is going to consider說明：這句話的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去開始的一個(gè)動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“一直在做”。C B說明：她“一直在考慮返校”是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，“還沒作決定”是現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果。 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句

9、部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比較 Its time that 結(jié)構(gòu)： It is high time that we went to school.2）This is the that結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí). This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。 This is the first time (that) Iv

10、e heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。 典型例題(1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意：非延續(xù)性動

11、詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯）I have received his letter for a month.（對）I havent received his letter for almost a month. BD 2、過去時(shí)高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _! (98 N) A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised2. My uncle _ until he was forty-five. (2000 上

12、海) A. married B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would marry說明：Nancy 答應(yīng)要來這個(gè)動作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在過去，是過去作出的承諾。說明：until 用在肯定句中時(shí)，主句的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，表示該動作一直持續(xù)到 until 后的時(shí)間為止；短暫性動詞只能用在否定句中，表示直到此時(shí)該動作才開始。本題中 marry 是短暫性動詞，所以只能用在否定句中。BB 3. - You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? (N2002) - Im sorry

13、I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say說明：本題的干擾源來自上下文中的時(shí)態(tài)，上文用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，下文用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以有些人就誤以為此處該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)了。但根據(jù)說話人的意思不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒有說出自己的評價(jià)是在這段對話以前的事了，所以要用一般過去時(shí)。D 4. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. (95 N) A. read was falling B.

14、was reading fell C. was reading was falling D. read fell5. The manager had fallen asleep where he _, without undressing. （05安徽卷） A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied 說明：一般來說在復(fù)合句中的兩個(gè)動作，延續(xù)性的動作大都用進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性的動詞用一般時(shí)，表示在某個(gè)動作進(jìn)行的過程當(dāng)中另一個(gè)動作發(fā)生了。說明：該題的意思為“經(jīng)理躺在那兒睡著了，衣服也沒脫”?！疤伞笔且粋€(gè)不及物動詞，其過去式和過去分詞為“l(fā)ay;

15、lain”。lay 是及物動詞，過去式和過去分詞為 laid；lied 是“說謊”的過去式和過去分詞。B B 6. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. (02 北京) A. had cried, lost B. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lost D. cries, has lost 7. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at

16、 the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. (05江西卷) Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone 說明：哭得傷心發(fā)生在過去，而丟玩具熊發(fā)生在哭之前。兩個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的動作，之前發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，之后發(fā)生的用一般過去時(shí)。說明：“他沒叫我就走了”這個(gè)動作明顯發(fā)生在“我認(rèn)為” 之前。所以必須用過去完成時(shí)。 B D 3、將來時(shí)高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. If a man _ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. (95 上海) A. will B. is to C. is

17、going to D. should2. - Youve left the light on. - Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. (2000 N) A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going說明：此句的意思為“如果一個(gè)人想要成功，就必須盡力而為”。If 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，不能用將來時(shí)。而 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)雖然表示將來的動作，但它不屬于將來時(shí)。說明：本句的重點(diǎn)是“并行結(jié)構(gòu)”，關(guān)鍵是看后面的 turn，所以B、C、D、都不符合。B A 3. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _

18、for London to attend a meeting. (05天津卷) A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. (93 N) A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left說明：that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的動作“離職”應(yīng)該發(fā)生在“were surprised” 之后，故需用過去將來時(shí)。C B說明：by the time 表示“到為止”“在之前”，如

19、果主句的動作發(fā)生在過去，一般需要用過去完成時(shí)；如果是將來，就需用將來完成時(shí)。 4、狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問題高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. - Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. (94 N) A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. (2001上海) A. have survived B. are to survive C. wou

20、ld survive D. will survive說明：時(shí)間狀語從句中沒有將來時(shí)，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來時(shí)。說明：條件狀語從句中不用將來時(shí)，但 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)不屬于 將來時(shí)態(tài)形式。AB 3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. (2002上海) A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate4. It _ long before we _ the

21、 result of the experiment. (2002上海春季) A. will not be, will know B. is, will know C. will not be, know D. is, know說明：by the time 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，故不能使用將來時(shí)。D選項(xiàng)雖可考慮，但 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)大多用來表示“義務(wù)、決定、職責(zé)、約定”等，與句意不合。說明：before 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，無將來時(shí)，而主句應(yīng)該用將來時(shí)。CC 5、祈使句中的動詞問題高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. (98 N) A

22、. When leftB. Leaving C. If you leaveD. Leave2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it. (2000 北京春季) A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried3. _ at the door before entering, please. (01 北京春季) A. knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock4. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (2001上海

23、) A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To giveDBDB 6、幾種時(shí)態(tài)的替代問題A：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí) ： 除了在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)外，表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項(xiàng)，行程等活動也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來代替將來時(shí)。如： The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物館明天10點(diǎn)開門。(實(shí)際上每天如此。) B：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)： 句型 “It is since”代替“It has been since ” It is (= has been) five years since we last met C：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替

24、進(jìn)行時(shí)： 在全部倒裝句中都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： Look, here comes Mr. Li. 高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. I need one more stamp before my collection _. (94 N) A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (98 N) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay說明：集郵冊只能被完成，且在 b

25、efore 從句中沒有將來時(shí)，故只能選D。說明：該句的意思為“在大城市中清潔女工的工資通常是按小時(shí)支付的?！焙苊黠@該用被動語態(tài)。DC 3. Books of this kind _ well. (99 上海) A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold4. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. (01 北京春) A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose說明：sell 既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞，當(dāng)用作“銷售情況如何”時(shí)，sell 為不及物動詞，故沒有被動

26、語態(tài)。類似的詞還有：wash, translate, write 等。說明：lose job 為“失業(yè)”，job 只能被失去，且動作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在將來。AB 5. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. (2001 北京春季) A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. (2001上海) A. has been designed B

27、. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed說明：從后句可知電影院應(yīng)該正在修建。需要注意的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的動詞形式。說明：by the end of 短語一般都與過去完成時(shí)或?qū)硗瓿?時(shí)連用。 D B 7. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. (2002 北京春季) A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing8. I fee

28、l it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. (2002上海) A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame說明：不要被前面使用的現(xiàn)在時(shí)所蒙蔽，在地震中搶救小孩并獻(xiàn)身的動作只能在過去。說明：be to blame 是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，不能用被動語態(tài)。該句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。CA 9. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002上海春季) A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut說明：該句的意思為“雨林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和燒毀以至于在不久的將來它們就會消失。”從語境中可以看出應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。況且進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表達(dá)出說話人的一種特殊的情感。說話人是想呼吁人們停止亂砍亂燒雨林，給人們提出的一種警告。C