2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 人生百味類 閱讀理解練習（3）.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習 人生百味類 閱讀理解練習（3） xx高考英語閱讀理解--人生百味類 Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure bees an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that every person has the right to fail. Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her child’s hasty-made table as “Perfect!” even though it doesn’t stand still. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair or stupid. The trouble with failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time--- and that it’s possible to enjoy a game even when we don’t win. A child who’s not invited to a birthday party, who doesn’t make the honor roll on the baseball team, feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick consolation, prize or say, “It doesn’t matter.” because it does. The young should be allowed to experience disappointment—and be helped to master it. Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts grown-ups and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask “Why did I fail?” Don’t blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If someone else can help, don’t be shy about inquiring. Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a bad party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems definitive can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. After 12 years of studying ballet, a friend of mine auditioned for a professional pany. She was turned down. “ Would further training help?” she asked. The ballet master shook his head. “ You will never be a dancer”, he said, “You haven’t the body for it.” In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock(估量) of the situation bravely asking, “What have I left? What else can I do?” My friend put away her shoes and moved into dance treatment center, a field where she’s both able and useful. Failure frees one to take risks because there’s less to lose. Often there is recovery of energy—a way to find new possibilities. 【小題1】The second paragraph tells us ___________ A．how a mother praised her children B．parents should blame their children at the proper time. C．how to shift blame D．two ways of failure prevention most parents use when their children fail 【小題2】According to the author, what should a child know in the real world? A．No one can be best all the time at everything. B．He should be equipped for life. C．No parents should offer quick consolations. D．He can get pleasure from failure as well as success. 【小題3】The underlined word “prompt” in the fifth paragraph can be best replaced by “_________.” A．prevent B．cause C．continue D．exchange 【小題4】From the passage we know that ______________. A．success lies in hard work B．never be disappointed to life C．failure can affect one’s life greatly once he learns to use it. D．everyone had his own value xx高考英語閱讀理解--人生百味類 The Loss of Innocence Innocence is such a precious gift．It’s explained as freedom from guilt or wrong doing．Just imagine never having to worry about anything and having a guilt free mind．Some people wish to save this kind of innocence from being lost from childhood to adulthood． What would the world be like if innocence were never lost？One way it would benefit humanity is the lack of hatred （仇恨）among the world．During youth，there may be an occasional argument，even a little physical fight，but nothing like firing a handgun at a fellow human being．And children are blind towards the racial differences of others．A kid will hang out with any other kid．It is the lack of innocence and the ignorance we learn from adults that influence children otherwise．Another benefit is the constant desire for fun and adventure．With very little if any time at all for fun，the adventurous mind is lost in time with the responsibilities placed upon adults．If innocence were kept alive，these ambitions would never depart from our lives． However，other people actually hate the idea of innocence lasting forever．They feel that the lack of organization and mental power of those with innocence would cause extremely destructive consequences to society in general．A large number of individuals would never have the urge to learn，work，and act upon the necessary needs for humanity to survive．Without a proper education which is usually provided by those who no longer live in a world of innocence，people would not have the desire to succeed，get a good job in life，or provide ine for their families，which would hurt the lives of children． The lack of a good education and career would also harm the economy．As long as innocence is kept alive，no one would be terribly angered at the lack of effort people put out in the workplace，resulting in a strong decline in production and quality of needed goods． Maybe it is wrong in wanting to save innocence．It sure is a nice thought，though．Perhaps innocence was meant to be lost．It was god’s will to make things the way they are，and there is a good purpose for everything．All that remains to be said about innocence is to enjoy it while it lasts． 【小題1】The author believes that the loss of innocence in adulthood should be _______． A．a(chǎn)voided B．condemned C．a(chǎn)ccepted D．inspired 【小題2】Lifelong innocence would be beneficial to society in that _______． A．proper education would be provided B．there would be no racial discrimination C．more happy families would be guaranteed D．people would realize their childhood dreams 【小題3】According to the author，people with innocence can hurt the economy with their lack of _____． A．motivational will B．mental ability C．a(chǎn)dventurous ambitions D．needed goods 【小題4】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage？ A． B． C． D． 閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。 (xx?？谑姓{研，D) Any diet on which you eat fewer calories than you need to get through the day, like an 800calorieperday diet, can be dangerous. Diets that dont allow any fat also can be bad for you. Everyone needs a certain amount of fat in their diet, up to 30% of total calories, so no one should eat a pletely fatfree diet. Dont have diets that restrict certain food groups, either. A diet that requires you to say no to bread or pasta or allows you to eat only fruit is unhealthy. You wont get the vitamins and minerals you need. And although you may lose weight, youll probably gain it back as soon as you start eating normally again. Some people start dieting because they think all the problems in their lives are because of weight. Others have an area of their lives that they cant control, like an alcoholic parent, so they focus on something they can control, their exercise and food intake (攝入)． People who diet may get lots of praise from friends and family when they start losing pounds, which makes them feel good. But eventually a person reaches a weight level and doesnt lose as much weight as before because the body is trying to keep a healthy weight, so they arent any happier. Some people may find it hard to control their eating, so they stick with an_extreme_diet for a little while, but then eat tons of food. Feeling guilty about the binge, they use laxatives (瀉藥). Eating too little to maintain a healthy weight or eating only to throw up the calories are both eating disorders, which are harmful to a persons health. 文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。文章告誡減肥人群，在減肥的同時務必要保證健康和均衡的飲食，這樣才能獲得真正的健康。 12．The reasons why some people start and keep dieting DONT include ________. A．they think their trouble es from their weight B．they have a strict parent C．other peoples praise when they lose some weight D．there is something they cant control except food intake 答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三、四段內容可知，A、C、D三項均是人們減肥的原因。B項內容文章沒有涉及。故答案選B。 13．The underlined phrase in the last paragraph refers to ________. A．a(chǎn) fat free diet B．a(chǎn) special diet C．eating too much D．eating too little 答案：D　指代判斷題。根據(jù)畫線短語后“but then eat tons of food”中的“but”可推知，畫線部分與其講述的內容相反，因此“an extreme diet”指的就是“吃得太少”。故答案選D。 14．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．A person needs about 800 calories each day. B．A person who doesnt eat bread is unhealthy. C．An improper diet may cause eating disorder. D．Fat takes up the most part of calories inside body. 答案：C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“l(fā)ike an 800calorieperday diet, can be dangerous”可知，A項表述錯誤；根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，不包括面包的飲食不健康，但并沒說不吃面包的人不健康，故B項表述錯誤；根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，D項表述錯誤。故答案選C。 15．According to the passage, when people want to lose weight, they should ________. A．a(chǎn)void eating some food that can lead to being fat B．control their eating amount and times C．have a healthy and balanced diet D．throw up some of what they eat 答案：C　推理判斷題。通讀全文特別是文章首段內容可知，人們在減肥的同時，還應保證健康和均衡的飲食。故答案選C。 閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個選項 (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項。 (xx天津市十二區(qū)縣聯(lián)考二，C) In modern society there is a great deal of argument about petition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that petition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs. In their singleminded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame petition. Among the_most_vocal are youngsters who have suffered under petitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true petitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones selfrespect relies on how well one performs in parison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (緩解) can we discover a new meaning in petition. 文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。文章首先提出論點“現(xiàn)代社會關于競爭有很多爭議”，然后詳細分析了不同人對競爭的不同看法。 16．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．petition helps to set up selfrespect. B．Opinions about petition are different among people. C．petition is harmful to personal quality development. D．Failures are necessary experiences in petition. 答案：B　主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章首句“In modern society there is a great deal of argument about petition.”可知，現(xiàn)代社會關于競爭有很多爭議。下文內容圍繞這一點詳細分析了不同人對競爭的不同看法，因此這便是文章的中心論點。故B項正確。 17．Why do some people favor petition according to the passage? A．It builds up a sense of duty. B．It pushes society forward. C．It improves personal abilities. D．It encourages individual efforts. 答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.”可知，有人認為競爭是社會進步和繁榮的動力。故B項正確。 18．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means ________. A．those who try their best to win B．those who value petition most highly C．those who are against petition most strongly D．those who rely on others most for success 答案：C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)語境可知，有些人渴望成功，而有些人持相反的態(tài)度。在只注重贏家而不注意普通人的文化價值觀下，他們強烈譴責競爭。其中最直言不諱的就是那些來自父母和社會的競爭壓力下掙扎的年輕人。根據(jù)“Among”可知，畫線詞是指上文提到的那些強烈譴責競爭的人。故C項正確。 19．What is the similar belief of the true petitors and those with a “desire to fail”？ A．Ones worth lies in his performance pared with others. B．Ones success in petition needs great efforts. C．Ones achievement is determined by his particular skills. D．Ones success is based on how hard he has tried. 答案：A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第三、四句“Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true petitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones selfrespect relies on how well one performs in parison with others.”可知，A項正確。 20．Which point of view may the author agree to? A．Every effort should be paid back. B．petition should be encouraged. C．Winning should be a lifeanddeath matter. D．Fear of failure should be removed in petition. 答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (緩解) can we discover a new meaning in petition.”不難看出作者的態(tài)度；只有消除競爭中的畏懼心理，我們才能發(fā)現(xiàn)競爭的意義。故D項正確。