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南京理工大學(xué)泰州科技學(xué)院
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書
系 部：
機(jī)械工程系
專 業(yè)：
機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化
學(xué) 生 姓 名：
王琦
學(xué) 號(hào)：
05010136
設(shè)計(jì)(論文)題目：
推動(dòng)架加工工藝及關(guān)鍵工序工裝設(shè)計(jì)
起 迄 日 期:
2008年 3月09 日 ~ 6月14日
設(shè)計(jì)(論文)地點(diǎn):
南京理工大學(xué)泰州科技學(xué)院
指 導(dǎo) 教 師:
王栓虎
專業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人:
發(fā)任務(wù)書日期: 2009年 2 月 26 日
任務(wù)書填寫要求
1．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書由指導(dǎo)教師根據(jù)各課題的具體情況填寫，經(jīng)學(xué)生所在專業(yè)的負(fù)責(zé)人審查、系部領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽字后生效。此任務(wù)書應(yīng)在第七學(xué)期結(jié)束前填好并發(fā)給學(xué)生；
2．任務(wù)書內(nèi)容必須用黑墨水筆工整書寫或按教務(wù)處統(tǒng)一設(shè)計(jì)的電子文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式（可從教務(wù)處網(wǎng)頁上下載）打印，不得隨便涂改或潦草書寫，禁止打印在其它紙上后剪貼；
3．任務(wù)書內(nèi)填寫的內(nèi)容，必須和學(xué)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）完成的情況相一致，若有變更，應(yīng)當(dāng)經(jīng)過所在專業(yè)及系部主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)審批后方可重新填寫；
4．任務(wù)書內(nèi)有關(guān)“系部”、“專業(yè)”等名稱的填寫，應(yīng)寫中文全稱，不能寫數(shù)字代碼。學(xué)生的“學(xué)號(hào)”要寫全號(hào)；
5．任務(wù)書內(nèi)“主要參考文獻(xiàn)”的填寫，應(yīng)按照國標(biāo)GB 7714—2005《文后參考文獻(xiàn)著錄規(guī)則》的要求書寫，不能有隨意性；
6．有關(guān)年月日等日期的填寫，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照國標(biāo)GB/T 7408—2005《數(shù)據(jù)元和交換格式、信息交換、日期和時(shí)間表示法》規(guī)定的要求，一律用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字書寫。如“2008年3月15日”或“2008-03-15”。
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）任 務(wù) 書
1．本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題應(yīng)達(dá)到的目的：
推動(dòng)架是某企業(yè)產(chǎn)品中的關(guān)鍵零件之一，生產(chǎn)量比較大。為了保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，提高加工效率，需要對(duì)其加工工藝進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，并在關(guān)鍵工序使用組合機(jī)床或?qū)Ｓ脵C(jī)床進(jìn)行加工。本課題即以此為背景，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)需要和推動(dòng)架零件的加工要求，首先完成零件的加工工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)，在此基礎(chǔ)之上，選擇其關(guān)鍵工序之一進(jìn)行專用夾具及加工用組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)，并完成必要的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。
通過這樣一個(gè)典型環(huán)節(jié)綜合訓(xùn)練，達(dá)到綜合訓(xùn)練學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)，解決工程實(shí)際問題的能力。
2．本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題任務(wù)的內(nèi)容和要求（包括原始數(shù)據(jù)、技術(shù)要求、工作要求等）：
本課題要求學(xué)生在對(duì)推動(dòng)架的加工要求、零件的結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性進(jìn)行認(rèn)真分析的基礎(chǔ)上，首先對(duì)零件的加工工藝規(guī)程做出優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，并對(duì)其關(guān)鍵工序之一進(jìn)行專用夾具及加工用組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)。具體任務(wù)及要求如下：
（1）調(diào)查研究、查閱及翻譯文獻(xiàn)資料，撰寫開題報(bào)告；
（2）推動(dòng)架加工要求、零件的結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性分析；
（3）推動(dòng)架加工工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)；
（4）推動(dòng)架關(guān)鍵工序的專用夾具設(shè)計(jì)；
（5）推動(dòng)架關(guān)鍵工序的組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)；
（6）必要的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算與分析；
（7）文檔整理、撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書及使用說明書。
設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)要求包括：
（1）生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng) 50000件/年
（2）夾具采用液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)
（3）組合機(jī)床采用液壓滑臺(tái)
（4）每次加工一個(gè)零件
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）任 務(wù) 書
3．對(duì)本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題成果的要求〔包括畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文、圖表、實(shí)物樣品等〕：
（1）開題報(bào)告、文獻(xiàn)綜述、資料翻譯；
（2）推動(dòng)架加工工藝過程綜合卡及各工序工序卡；
（3）推動(dòng)架零件圖及夾具裝配圖；
（4）組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)資料（三圖一卡）；
（5）畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書。
4．主要參考文獻(xiàn)：
[1] 裘愉弢主編. 組合機(jī)床［M］. 第1版.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1995.
[2] 金振華主編.組合機(jī)床及其調(diào)整與使用［M］. 第1版.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1990.
[3] 沈延山.生產(chǎn)實(shí)習(xí)與組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)［D］.第1版.大連：大連理工大學(xué)出版社，1989.
[4] 上海市大專院校機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué)協(xié)作組編著.機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué)［M］（修訂版）.福建科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社，1996.
[5] 王華坤，范元?jiǎng)拙?機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)［M］.北京：兵器工業(yè)出版社，2000.
[6] 馮辛安等編.機(jī)械制造裝備設(shè)計(jì)［M］. 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1998.
[7] 陳日曜主編.金屬切削原理［M］. 第2版.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1992.
[8] 方子良等編.機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)［M］.上海：上海交通大學(xué)出版社，2004.
[9] 劉秋生，李忠文主編.液壓傳動(dòng)與控制［M］.北京：宇航出版社，1994.
[10] 陳于萍，周兆元等.互換性與測量技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)［M］. 第2版.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2005.
[11] 東北重型機(jī)械學(xué)院等合編.機(jī)床夾具設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)［M］.上海：上?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)出版社，1979.
[12]《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》聯(lián)合編寫組. 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)［M］. 第2版.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1987.
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）任 務(wù) 書
5．本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）課題工作進(jìn)度計(jì)劃：
起 迄 日 期
工 作 內(nèi) 容
2009年
3月09日 ～ 3 月15 日
3月16日 ～ 3 月29 日
3月30日 ～ 4 月19 日
4月20日 ～ 5 月03 日
5月04日 ～ 5 月31 日
6月01日 ～ 6 月07 日
6月08日 ～ 6 月14 日
熟悉畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)要求。查閱資料，完成外文資料翻譯工作
撰寫開題報(bào)告及文獻(xiàn)綜述
推動(dòng)架加工工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)（至少提出2個(gè)方案，進(jìn)行分析比較，最后決定一個(gè)較優(yōu)的方案）
夾具設(shè)計(jì)（至少提出2個(gè)方案，進(jìn)行分析比較，最后決定一個(gè)較優(yōu)的方案）
組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)（完成三圖一卡）
文檔整理、撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書。
論文答辯
所在專業(yè)審查意見：
負(fù)責(zé)人：
2009年 月 日
系部意見：
系部主任：
2009年 月 日
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯
系 部： 機(jī)械工程系
專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化
姓 名：
學(xué) 號(hào)：
(用外文寫)
外文出處： Transmission of fluid
附 件： 1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。
指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語：
簽名：
年 月 日
注：請(qǐng)將該封面與附件裝訂成冊(cè)。
附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文
流體傳動(dòng)
流體傳動(dòng)包括氣體(壓)傳動(dòng)和液體傳動(dòng)，液體傳動(dòng)分為液壓傳動(dòng)、液力傳動(dòng)和液粘傳動(dòng)。液壓傳動(dòng)基于帕卡定律，以液體的壓能來傳遞動(dòng)力；液力傳動(dòng)基于歐拉方程，以液體動(dòng)量短的變化來傳遞動(dòng)力；液粘傳動(dòng)基于牛頓內(nèi)摩擦定律，以液體的粘性來傳遞動(dòng)力。
液力傳動(dòng)的基本元件是液力偶合器和液力變矩器。液力偶合器的基本構(gòu)件是具有若干徑向平面葉片的、構(gòu)成工作腔的泵輪和渦輪。液力傳動(dòng)油在工作腔里高速循環(huán)流動(dòng)傳遞動(dòng)力，油液隨從泵輪做牽連運(yùn)動(dòng)的同時(shí)因受離心力作用而做離心運(yùn)動(dòng)，從泵輪(及輸入軸)吸收機(jī)械能并轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)量矩(mVR)增量，高速液流從泵輪沖入渦輪做向心流動(dòng)釋放動(dòng)量矩，推動(dòng)渦輪(及輸出軸)旋轉(zhuǎn)，帶動(dòng)工作機(jī)(及負(fù)載)做功。液力變矩器的基本構(gòu)件是泵輪、渦輪和導(dǎo)輪，它們均是具有空間(彎曲)葉片的工作輪，按相關(guān)順序排列構(gòu)成工作腔。液力傳動(dòng)油在工作腔中被泵輪渦輪攪動(dòng)，使液流獲得動(dòng)量矩增量，經(jīng)過導(dǎo)輪調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)液流方向后沖入渦輪，釋放動(dòng)量矩(動(dòng)能)推動(dòng)渦輪帶動(dòng)工作機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)做功。
我國液力元件近年發(fā)展較快，2003年液力偶合器的全國年產(chǎn)量約7萬臺(tái)。廣泛應(yīng)用于帶式輸送機(jī)、刮板輸送機(jī)、球磨機(jī)、風(fēng)機(jī)、壓縮機(jī)、水泵和油泵等設(shè)備的傳動(dòng)中，提高傳動(dòng)品質(zhì)并節(jié)約能源。當(dāng)前我國液力偶合器的最高輸出轉(zhuǎn)速為6500r/min，最小功率為0.3kW，最大功率為7100kW。液力偶合器的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是高轉(zhuǎn)速、大功率。
國際上液力偶合器產(chǎn)品以德國福依特公司最為著名，據(jù)資料稱已有轉(zhuǎn)速達(dá)20000r/min、功率達(dá)55000kW的產(chǎn)品，可見我國與之尚有相當(dāng)大的差距。當(dāng)然，功率大的液力元件對(duì)液力傳動(dòng)油的要求較高。液力變矩器主要用于工程機(jī)械、石油機(jī)械和內(nèi)燃機(jī)車。液力變矩器主要與內(nèi)燃機(jī)匹配應(yīng)用，其轉(zhuǎn)速范圍在2000～3000r/min。工程機(jī)械應(yīng)用較多，最大功率700HP左右，年產(chǎn)量約7萬臺(tái)。石油機(jī)械應(yīng)用較少，功率達(dá)1500HP。內(nèi)燃機(jī)車應(yīng)用更少，功率高達(dá)3000HP。
液粘傳動(dòng)是液體傳動(dòng)一門新興學(xué)科，在我國尚處于起步階段。由于液粘傳動(dòng)產(chǎn)品(如液粘調(diào)速離合器)與液力傳動(dòng)產(chǎn)品(如調(diào)速型液力偶合器)雖有本質(zhì)上的不同，但由于有相似的性能和相同的用途(調(diào)速節(jié)能)，在若干技術(shù)活動(dòng)(如制訂發(fā)展規(guī)劃、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、技術(shù)管理、訂貨活動(dòng)等)中均被視為同一類型，與液力行業(yè)有共性，故本文另辟章節(jié)介紹其產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)和傳動(dòng)用油。
一、液力傳動(dòng)油的性能特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展
液力傳動(dòng)油作為工作介質(zhì)不僅傳遞動(dòng)力，而且還用以潤滑軸承和齒輪，同時(shí)又是滑差熱的載體，帶走熱量。液力傳動(dòng)油是一個(gè)復(fù)雜而需專門研究的課題，它直接關(guān)系到液力元件的可靠性、傳動(dòng)效率和使用壽命。應(yīng)引起人們的重視，展開廣泛深入的研究。
液力傳動(dòng)油應(yīng)能滿足以下要求：
1、要有適宜的粘度
液體粘度低，表明液體內(nèi)摩擦小，流動(dòng)阻力損失小，可減少液力元件的液力損失；但從潤滑密封角度考慮，粘度不能過低。因此應(yīng)在滿足潤滑和密封要求前提下，盡量采用粘度低的液體，以提高液力元件傳動(dòng)效率。同時(shí)要求液體粘溫性要好，以便在高溫或低溫時(shí)仍能保持有效的潤滑和密封。
2、要有較大的重度由于液力元件傳遞的力矩和功率與工作液體的重度成正比，故液體重度越高越好
3、性能穩(wěn)定
不易產(chǎn)生泡沫、老化和沉淀。
4、酸值要低
對(duì)密封件應(yīng)是中性，有良好的相容性，不泡脹，不溶解，對(duì)金屬無腐蝕作用。
5、要有較高的閃點(diǎn)和較低的凝點(diǎn)
液力元件工作時(shí)油溫變化幅度很大，有時(shí)可達(dá)160℃，因此要求閃點(diǎn)要高于180℃，而凝點(diǎn)要低-20℃，以利于低溫環(huán)境下液力元件的起動(dòng)。
6、要有良好的潤滑性能
液體要有足夠的油性，能很好的粘附在零件表面上，起到良好的潤滑作用。
目前，國內(nèi)外液力傳動(dòng)應(yīng)用的工作液體種類較多，除各種石油基產(chǎn)品外，也有采用清水或其它難燃液體的(煤礦井下為防引燃爆炸而應(yīng)用)。國內(nèi)液力元件通常采用6號(hào)液力傳動(dòng)油(也有用8號(hào)液力傳動(dòng)油的)，有時(shí)以22號(hào)汽輪機(jī)油替代。
內(nèi)燃機(jī)車有專用油，要求使和壽命不小于2000小時(shí)，要求新設(shè)備裝油初次運(yùn)行100小時(shí)和500小時(shí)之后進(jìn)行第一、第二次換油，進(jìn)行濾清后仍可使用。
屬下列情況之一時(shí)，需要更換新油：
含水量大于0.2%時(shí)；
在50℃時(shí)的粘度比新油高出6厘沲時(shí)；
機(jī)械雜質(zhì)(苯不溶物)達(dá)到0.2%時(shí)；
出現(xiàn)水溶性酸堿或有高的酸值時(shí)；
泡沫過多影響傳動(dòng)功率時(shí)。
以上各條對(duì)內(nèi)燃機(jī)車專用油以外的液力傳動(dòng)油也有一定的參照價(jià)值。
二、國內(nèi)外液力傳動(dòng)油的品牌對(duì)照（略）
三、液粘傳動(dòng)對(duì)傳動(dòng)油的要求
液粘傳動(dòng)可按運(yùn)行中油臘厚度是否變化分為兩大類，一類是在運(yùn)行中油膜厚度始終不變的液粘傳動(dòng)，如硅油風(fēng)扇離合器油膜厚度是固定的，運(yùn)行中變化工作腔中油液充滿程度以調(diào)節(jié)輸出轉(zhuǎn)速。另一類是運(yùn)行中油膜厚度是可變的液粘傳動(dòng)，這類液粘傳動(dòng)產(chǎn)品包括有液粘調(diào)速離合器、液粘制動(dòng)器、液粘測功機(jī)、液粘聯(lián)軸器、液粘調(diào)速裝置。當(dāng)前應(yīng)用較多的是液粘調(diào)速離合器、液粘調(diào)速裝置和硅油風(fēng)扇離合器。 1、液粘調(diào)速離合器與傳動(dòng)油
液粘調(diào)速離合器通過其主、從動(dòng)摩擦片間的若干油膜來傳動(dòng)動(dòng)力，依靠油液的粘性主動(dòng)摩擦片“拉著"從動(dòng)摩擦片同方向旋轉(zhuǎn)，傳遞力矩與油液粘度、兩片間“滑差"成正比，而與油膜厚度(片間隙)成反比。主動(dòng)摩擦片及輸入軸與動(dòng)力機(jī)相聯(lián)，輸入轉(zhuǎn)速可視為常量。從動(dòng)摩擦片及輸出軸與工作機(jī)相聯(lián)，輸出轉(zhuǎn)速隨控制壓力而變化，球狀油缸的控制壓力大，則片間油膜變薄，則輸出轉(zhuǎn)速升高，反之亦然。當(dāng)控制壓力足夠大時(shí)，主、從動(dòng)摩擦片粘合，變?yōu)橹甭?lián)傳動(dòng)。當(dāng)控制壓力足夠時(shí)小，主、從動(dòng)摩擦片脫離，則輸出轉(zhuǎn)速為零。在液粘調(diào)速離合器轉(zhuǎn)速比從0→1變化過程中，片間摩擦狀況呈現(xiàn)出液體摩擦→(機(jī)械一液體)混合摩擦→(純機(jī)械的)邊界摩擦。因此液粘調(diào)速離合器在調(diào)速過程中有分離工況、調(diào)速工況和接合工況。
工作液體在液粘傳動(dòng)中的作用是傳遞動(dòng)力、冷卻散熱和潤滑，應(yīng)具有以下性能
(1)有適宜的粘度。
(2)有離好的潤滑性能(油性和極壓性)。
(3)有良好的氧化安定性。
(4)有較高的比熱容和較高的熱導(dǎo)率。
除上述要求外，工作液體還應(yīng)具有防銹作用、抗泡沫能力、凝點(diǎn)要低、閃點(diǎn)應(yīng)高、不易揮發(fā)、無毒等。
目前國產(chǎn)液粘調(diào)速離合器多采用8號(hào)液力傳動(dòng)油為工作液體。
當(dāng)前國產(chǎn)液粘調(diào)速離合器有TL型和HC型，額定轉(zhuǎn)速多為1500r/min，個(gè)別有3000r/min的。傳遞功率最小75kW，最大達(dá)1100kW。
液粘調(diào)速離合器同調(diào)速型液力偶合器一樣，均是在驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速向下調(diào)節(jié)，且在低速時(shí)功率小，效率低。為此在液粘調(diào)速離合器的輸入前或輸出端后加裝齒輪傳動(dòng)，以適應(yīng)與動(dòng)力機(jī)或與工作機(jī)的匹配，如此產(chǎn)生了新的裝置——液粘調(diào)速裝置。
2、液粘調(diào)速裝置
當(dāng)前生產(chǎn)和應(yīng)用的有兩類不同結(jié)構(gòu)的液粘調(diào)速裝置，一類是美國費(fèi)城齒輪公司生產(chǎn)的平行軸液粘調(diào)速裝置，輸入轉(zhuǎn)速1785r/min，輸出轉(zhuǎn)速5000r/min，傳遞功率達(dá)5200kW。我國山西安太堡煤礦的帶式輸送機(jī)用的是較小規(guī)格。其傳動(dòng)油系由美國帶來。保定螺旋漿制造廠設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)了與之結(jié)構(gòu)相似的產(chǎn)品。另一類是美國道奇(DODGE)公司的CST液粘調(diào)速裝置，它是在圓柱齒輪——行星輪系減速器差動(dòng)輪系的輸出端、與輸出軸(連接太陽輪)并行輸出的大齒圈上裝有液粘調(diào)速離合器(從動(dòng)摩擦片固定)，起動(dòng)時(shí)液粘調(diào)速離合器處于分離工況(空轉(zhuǎn))，逐漸加大控制壓力，當(dāng)其傳遞扭矩與輸出軸承受扭矩相等時(shí)，輸出軸(帶負(fù)載)開始轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，繼續(xù)增大控制壓力直至接合工況，則輸出軸承擔(dān)全部動(dòng)力的輸出。CST液粘調(diào)速裝置被稱作大型帶式輸送機(jī)的軟起動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，在我國煤礦大型帶式輸送機(jī)上已有應(yīng)用。CST系列產(chǎn)品，輸入轉(zhuǎn)速1483r/min，額定減速比為15.38～57.66，傳遞功率范圍702～3115kW。CST系列產(chǎn)品由美國供應(yīng)專用液力傳動(dòng)油。
3、硅油風(fēng)扇離合器與工作液體
硅油風(fēng)扇離合器的主、從動(dòng)盤上各有若干緯向環(huán)狀葉片，兩者的環(huán)狀葉片相互交替的插入，構(gòu)成若干園環(huán)狀間隙(油膜)，利用這些間隙中油膜的粘性來傳遞動(dòng)力。工作過程中油膜厚度不變，通過改變充油量和油膜受剪切面積的大小來調(diào)速。
汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在適宜溫度下才能有較高的燃油效率，過冷過熱均不適宜。汽車用的硅油風(fēng)扇離合器主動(dòng)盤與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)相聯(lián)，從動(dòng)盤與風(fēng)扇相聯(lián)，工作液體為粘度較大的硅油?？扛袦仄鲗?duì)冷卻水箱后方氣流溫度的感受來控制充油量。當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的冷卻水溫度低時(shí)，則氣流溫度低，感溫器使充油量小，油膜剪切面積小，傳動(dòng)力矩小，則風(fēng)扇轉(zhuǎn)速低，對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的冷卻能力低。反之，當(dāng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)冷卻水溫度高時(shí)，則風(fēng)扇轉(zhuǎn)速高，提高對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的冷卻效果。這樣可使發(fā)動(dòng)經(jīng)常在最適宜的溫度下工作。燃油效率高，噪聲小，延長發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)使用壽命。
硅油風(fēng)扇離合器所用硅油是一種合成潤滑油，并非由石油提煉得來。它是一些半有機(jī)硅的聚合物或共聚物，含有重復(fù)的硅氧單元為元機(jī)骨干，并沿著聚合鏈的硅原子上取代烴基，一般不含支鏈。為了滿足規(guī)定的性能要求，可用不同的有機(jī)取代基或調(diào)整聚合物分子的大小(即改變其分子量)，以變化其粘度或獲得其它性能。
? ? 硅油的物理性能取決于聚合物的分子結(jié)構(gòu)，如分子量、有機(jī)基因的類型和數(shù)量、支鏈的位置及長短等。
在油膜厚度不變的液粘傳動(dòng)中使用硅油的主要原因，在于它具有高的粘度、良好的粘溫性能和較強(qiáng)的抗剪切能力。
硅油風(fēng)扇離合器可以應(yīng)用在各種類型汽車上，目前我國的應(yīng)用主要是吉普車、北京130型等汽車上。生產(chǎn)廠有北京汽車機(jī)油泵廠和長春第一汽車制造廠等單位。
附件2：外文原文（復(fù)印件）
Transmission of fluid
Fluid transmission is including gas (pressure) transmission and liquid transmission, liquid transmission into liquid transmission, hydraulic transmission and fluid viscous transmission. Hydraulic transmission based on the interior market, the pressure to be able to impart impetus liquid; Hydraulic transmission based on Olla equation to the liquid changes to the short wheel drive transmission; For Newton, Viscous transmission fluid friction law, the sticky liquid to impart dynamism to.
Hydraulic transmission is the basic hydraulic components and hydraulic Converter coupled device. Hydraulic coupled devices are a fundamental component of a number of radial plane leaves, a work of the pump and turbine round. Hydraulic transmission oil in the work of the cycle of high-speed mobile transmission power, oil pumps round her so involved with the campaign because centrifugal force role do centrifuge campaign from pumps round (and imported axis) and to absorb mechanical energy into moment of momentum (mVR) incremental, high-speed Minim round water from the pump to the heart to do turbine flow release moment of momentum. Promote turbine (and export axis) rotation, work-driven plane (and load) homework. Hydraulic Converter basic components are pumps round, and the turbine-round, they are a space (bending) leaves work round by the work of a relevant order. Hydraulic transmission oil pumps were working round the turbine mix for incremental Ye Liu was moment of momentum, after transfer-round water turbine Minim direction after the release of moment of momentum (kinetic energy) to promote the work of the turbine-driven rotary rush.
My hydraulic components in the development of faster, 2003 hydraulic coupled devices produced about 70,000 National Taiwan. Widely used for belt conveyor, rail carriers, ball mill, air-compressors, compressors, pumps and fuel pumps, and other equipment, transmission, improve transmission quality and energy conservation. My hydraulic coupled with the current maximum output rotational speed for 6500r/min, minimum power to 0.3kW, the maximum power to 7100kW. Hydraulic trend is coupled with a high rotational speed and power.
International hydraulic coupled device products to the most famous German Fuk under special company, according to information that has reached 20000r/min rotational speed and power to 55000kW products, which are still visible in considerable gap. Of course, the power of the big oil hydraulic components for hydraulic transmission requirements higher. Hydraulic Converter is mainly for engineering machinery, machinery and diesel oil. Hydraulic Converter is main internal combustion engine with matching applications, the scope of its rotational speed in 2000~3000r/min. Mechanical engineering applications more, the greatest power 700HP about output about 70,000 Taiwan. Oil machinery applications less power to 1500HP. Diesel applications less power up 3000HP.
viscous transmission fluid is a liquid transmission doors emerging disciplines in the country are still at an infancy stage. Because liquid Viscous transmission products (such as fluid mechanics using Viscous) and hydraulic transmission products (such as governor-hydraulic coupled device) Notwithstanding the different nature, but because of similar performance and the same purposes (governor energy), in a number of technical activities (such as the formulation of development plans, standards, technology management, orders, and other activities) are regarded as the same type, with the hydraulic industry commonalities, it is another chapter on the work of its product mix and transmission oil.
First, the performance characteristics of the oil and hydraulic transmission hydraulic transmission oil development not only as a transmission medium for work, but also to provide lubrication bearings and gear while the carrier is further bad fever, heat away. Hydraulic transmission oil is a complex and requires specialized research topics, which is directly related to the reliability of hydraulic components, transmission efficiency and service life. Should arouse the attention of extensive in-depth study.
Hydraulic transmission oil should meet the following requirements :
1、A suitable low-viscosity liquid viscosity, liquid indicate friction within small, mobile resistance small loss may reduce hydraulic components hydraulic losses; But lubricant sealed perspective, the viscosity can not be too low. Provide lubrication and therefore should meet the requirements of sealed premise as a low-viscosity liquid to improve hydraulic components transmission efficiency. Xing Viscous also called liquid than for the high-temperature or low-temperature, and still maintain an effective lubricant sealed.
2、A greater emphasis on the hydraulic components for the moment and the power transmission and liquid working for the re-direct, it is liquid-degrees the higher the better.
3、 The performance can have a stable bubble, aging and sedimentation.
4、 Acid number sealed pieces to be neutral to low, and a good compatibility, not dwell inflation, not dissolved, the non-corrosive metal.
5、A higher flash point and lower congeal point hydraulic components work oil temperature change significantly, sometimes up to 160 degrees, and therefore require flash point higher than 180 degrees, and congeal point lower than -20 degrees, low-temperature environment for the benefit of the start-up of hydraulic components.
6、A good lubricant performance liquid sufficient greasiness to the good parts in the surface material, a good lubricant.
At present, and hydraulic transmission applications work more liquid types, among all oil-based products, has used the water or other liquid Nan ran (coal mine explosion and fire in defense applications). Domestic hydraulic components commonly used 6th hydraulic transmission oil (also useful 8th hydraulic transmission oil), and sometimes to 22 turbine fuel substitution.
Diesel oil is dedicated to the life of not less than 2,000 hours and for the initial operation of new equipment installed oil after 100 hours and 500 hours of the first, second formula, can still be used after the filter.
Is one of the following situations, the need to replace the new oil : Water content greater than 0.2%; 50 degrees in the new oil viscosity higher than 6% mounted; Mechanical impurities (benzene non-fusible objects) to reach 0.2%; A high lipid intake or Acid number; Excessive bubble effects transmission power. More articles on the diesel-hydraulic transmission oil outside the oil will definitely reference value.
Second, Transmission and hydraulic oil brands in (slightly)
Third, Fluid Viscous transmission of the oil transmission fluid requirements may Viscous Tien National Petroleum Corporation December thickness operational changes are divided into two categories: one category is in operation slick thickness constant fluid Viscous transmission, such as silicone oil slick thickness using fans is fixed, changes in the operational work of the degree to which oil-exporting rotational speed. Another operation is slick thickness is variable fluid Viscous transmission, such fluid Viscous transmission products including fluid mechanics using, liquid Viscous brakes, fluids Viscous dynamometer, fluid Viscous shaft coupling, fluid mechanics Viscous devices. Current applications are more fluid mechanics using Viscous, fluid mechanics devices and silicone oil Viscous fans Clutch.
1、 Fluid mechanics using Viscous and transmission oil fluid mechanics using Viscous through its owners, driven friction between the film to a number of oil transmission power, relying on the apparent effectiveness initiative friction films "draw" driven friction with the direction of rotation films, transmission moment with oil viscosity, two films - "goes bad" proportional, and with oil thickness (films gap) negatively. Initiative friction films and imported axle and power machine linked to the importation of rotational speed as constants. Driven friction films and the work associated with the export of axle, and the output rotational speed with control pressure changes, spherical tank pressure control, a slick film thinning, export rotational speed rise, and vice versa. When the control pressure is enough, the owners, driven friction films together into the transmission is straight. When sufficient pressure control small owners, driven films from friction, zero export rotational speed. Viscous in fluid mechanics are using rotational speed than 0>1 change from the process of film-friction conditions showing a liquid friction "(a mechanical liquid) mixed friction" (purely mechanical) border friction. Therefore fluid mechanics using Viscous are in the process of separation-state governor, the state governor and the state face. Work in fluid liquid is the role of transmission Viscous transmission power, heat dissipation and cooling lubricant should have the following functions: (1) the appropriate viscosity. (2) the good lubricant performance (greasiness and very pressurized nature). (3) a good oxidation insecurities. (4) Higher than the thermal capacity and higher heat conductivity. In addition to the above requirements, but also work with rustproof liquid role, anti-bubble capacity, congeal points lower, flash point should be high, not volatile, non-toxic. Viscous currently made in China fluid mechanics using more oil as a hydraulic transmission work on the 8th of liquid. The domestic fluid mechanics using a TL - Viscous and HC type rated rotational speed mostly 1500r/min, individual 3000r/min. 75kW power transmission smallest, the largest of 1100kW. Fluid mechanics starts with the mechanics of hydraulic Viscous coupled devices, are in the rotational speed electrical driven downward in the low-speed, power and small, inefficient. To this end in fluid mechanics using input Viscous before or after the installation of vertical transmission-export, or to meet with the power machine and the matching machine work, so a new device -- liquid viscous governor devices. 2、Fluid mechanics devices Viscous current production and application of two different structures liquid Viscous governor devices, a category is the U.S. Philadelphia drove parallel axle fluid production company Viscous governor devices into rotational speed 1785r/min exporting rotational speed 5000r/min, transmitting power to 5200kW. My Shanxi antaibao coal mine is in the smaller belt conveyor specifications. Oil is brought by the United States of its transmission. Baoding propeller factory design, produce with structurally similar products. Another is the United States Dodge (Dodge) companies CST fluid mechanics devices Viscous, it is in Park pillar gear -- planetary reducer round of the robustness of the export-round, and export axis (connecting the Sun round), in parallel with export large gear ring fluid mechanics using Viscous (driven friction films fixed), start-up liquid separation Viscous governor in the state starts (idling), gradually increasing pressure control, when his transmission torque and the torque equivalent output bearings, export axle (with load) started turning and continue to increase the pressure until the joint control of the situation, the export axle assume full power output. CST fluid mechanics device known as viscous large belt conveyor soft start system in the country's major coal belt conveyor already applied. CST series products, the importation of rotational speed 1483r/min, rated slowdown than to 15.38~57.66, transmitting power scope 702~3115kW. CST series of products supplied by the United States dedicated hydraulic transmission oil.
3、 Silicone oil producing fans with liquid silicone oil work of the fan clutch, driven plate with a 78-98 derby leaves, the two derby leaves mutual alternate inserted, a number Park derby gap (oil), use these links, the sticky oil to impart momentum. The process of routing thickness unchanged through changes oil charge volume and the size of the area to exploration by sheared governor.
Engine in the appropriate temperature can be higher fuel efficiency, overheating is not too cold. Automotive firm to offer fans of silicone oil and engine linked driven sites linked with the fans, for liquid silicone oil viscosity larger. On temperature devices for cooling water to control the rear airflow temperature feel oil charge volume. When the engine cooling water temperature low, the air currents temperature low temperature equipment made oil charge small amount of oil sheared small size, transmission moment small, low rotational speed fans for the engine cooling capacity low. Conversely, when the engine cooling water temperature is high, the fans rotational speed is high, awareness of the engine cooling effect. This will allow a regular in the most appropriate temperature. Fuel efficiency, noise small, extended engine life.
Silicone oil used silicone oil is a fan using synthetic lubricants, not petroleum refining come from. It is the semi-organic silicon polymers or copolymer, containing duplicate silicon modules for oxygen machine backbone, and the silicon atoms along the chain, replace clustering hydrocarbon radical, the general chain-guns. To meet the prescribed performance requirements, availability of different organic polymers to replace the base elements or the size of the adjustment (that is, to change its molecular weight), to change its viscosity or acquire other properties.
Silicone oil depends on the physical properties of polymer molecular structure, such as molecular weight, organic genetic types and quantity, location and length of extension chain. In the liquid oil thickness constant use silicone oil Viscous transmission of the main reasons is that it has a high viscosity, good performance and strong resistance Viscous Temperature sheared capacity.
Silicone oil can be used in all types of vehicles using fans, currently our applications are mainly jeeps, and other vehicles Beijing 130. Motor oil production plant with Beijing and Changchun First Automobile Works pump factory units.