2019版高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)習(xí)選題 Unit 4 Earthquakes（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

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Earthquakes 一、閱讀理解。 You use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot(虛擬聊天機(jī)器人). Xiaoice, Microsoft’s latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly released in 2014, and returned to WeChat in 2015, where she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, the New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations with Xiaoice. “Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice, ” Liu Jinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis(表情符號(hào))in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily reported. Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech panies, they are being smarter and more mon. For instance, IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australia’s Deakin University, answering students’ questions about course schedules and financial aid. Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users. These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, the New York Times pointed out. However, it may take decades before scientists develop a “Samantha”, the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha has a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mates. 【文章大意】本文講述的是人工智能程序的發(fā)展情況, 列舉了微信上的聊天程序大受歡迎, IBM的人工智能程序能成為顧問(wèn), 但是目前這種程序主要應(yīng)用在智能手機(jī)上, 人們期待它將來(lái)可以在手機(jī)以外的地方使用。 1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? A. She became a best seller. B. She became very powerful. C. She became a money maker. D. She became very popular. 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily可知, 她在微信上大受歡迎, 很多中國(guó)年輕人都喜歡與她聊天, 故選D。 2. Which of the following can Xiaoice do? A. Do housework. B. Spread messages. C. Identify various photos. D. Read news to her users. 【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中her ability to identify photos and send emojis可知, 她有能力分辨照片和發(fā)送表情符號(hào), 故選C。 3. Which pany’s chatbot program can act as an academic consultant? A. Microsoft. 　　　　　 B. IBM. C. Apple. D. Amazon. 【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中IBM’s latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant可知, IBM的最新人工智能程序可以作為學(xué)術(shù)顧問(wèn), 故選B。 4. What can be learned from the last paragraph? A. Chatbots will be applied to cars soon. B. Chatbots mainly run on smartphones now. C. Samantha is played by a US actor in the film. D. The film Her doesn’t interest many audience. 【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, 可知, 人們期待這些程序除了應(yīng)用在智能手機(jī)上, 也能應(yīng)用在電視、汽車(chē)、起居室等地, 所以目前是主要應(yīng)用在智能手機(jī)上, 故選B。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．I ________ (trap) in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday. 答案：was trapped　be trapped in “被困在……”。 2．After she heard the news, there was an excited ________ (express) on her face. 答案：expression　由空前的“an excited”可知，應(yīng)填名詞 expression “表情”。 3．When a fire broke out at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings ________ (destroy)． 答案：were destroyed　動(dòng)詞destroy “毀滅；毀掉”，此處表被動(dòng)，且指過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 4．The meeting came to ________ end and he set down many key points. 答案：an　e to an end “結(jié)束”。 5．Dont forget to praise them ________ (sincere) when someone does something good. 答案：sincerely　副詞 sincerely “真誠(chéng)地”，在此處修飾動(dòng)詞praise。 6．He was replaced by another midfielder because of his ________ (injure)． 答案：injury　由空前的his可知，應(yīng)填名詞injury “受傷；傷害”。 7．Thank you for your letter conveying ________ (congratulate) on my appointment. 答案：congratulations　由空前的現(xiàn)在分詞conveying可知，應(yīng)填名詞。congratulation “祝賀”，且常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 8．The news of the sudden death of the young famous pianist came this morning, which made his fans ________ (shock)． 答案：shocked　此處形容詞shocked “感到震驚的”作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 9．The government thinks ________ (high) of his invention because it will benefit the whole country. 答案：highly　think highly of “高度評(píng)價(jià)……”，是固定搭配。 10．In a hurry, we arrived at a cabin in the mountain to shelter ________ the rain. 答案：from　shelter from the rain “躲雨”。 三、完形填空。 From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world around us. When humans first ___1___, they were like newborn babies, unable to use this ___2___ tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for humankind’s future ___3___ and cultural growth increased. Many linguists believe that evolution is ___4___ for our ability to produce and use language. They ___5___ that our highly evolved brain provides us ___6___ an innate language ability not found in lower ___7___. Proponents(支持者)of this innateness(天賦)theory say that our ___8___ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, ___9___ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical ___10___ times for language development. Current ___11___ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. ___12___ , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in ___13___ grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being ___14___ to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the ___15___ of their first language have bee firmly fixed. ___16___ some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been ___17___ from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that ___18___ with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language___19___ than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. ___20___, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child’s language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones. 1. A. generated B. evolved C. born D. bined 【答案】B 【解析】此處意為：當(dāng)人類(lèi)剛剛開(kāi)始進(jìn)化，他們?nèi)缤律鷥阂粯硬粫?huì)運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言這種工具。evolved逐漸發(fā)展進(jìn)化，符合題意。generated生殖，發(fā)展；born (bear的過(guò)去分詞)不能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；bined聯(lián)合，結(jié)合。 2. A. valuable B. appropriate C. convenient D. favorite 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)法分析，答案應(yīng)用來(lái)修飾語(yǔ)言的。valuable珍貴的；appropriate合適的，適當(dāng)?shù)?；convenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜歡的。語(yǔ)言并不是人類(lèi)選擇的結(jié)果，而是人類(lèi)在進(jìn)化過(guò)程中慢慢發(fā)展起來(lái)的，對(duì)人類(lèi)來(lái)說(shuō)，應(yīng)當(dāng)是珍貴的。 3. A. achievements B. convenience C. entertainments D. appearance 【答案】A 【解析】此處意思是：語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展增加了人類(lèi)取得未來(lái)的成就和文化進(jìn)步的可能性。achievements成就；convenience方便；entertainments娛樂(lè)；appearance外觀，外貌。 4. A. essential B. available C. reliable D. responsible 【答案】D 【解析】此處意為：許多語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為進(jìn)化使人們產(chǎn)生和具備了語(yǔ)言的能力。固定短語(yǔ)be responsible for對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)，是……的原由。其它選項(xiàng)不與for搭配。 5. A. confirm B. inform C. claim D. convince 【答案】C 6. A. for B. from C. of D. with 【答案】D 【解析】固定搭配provide sb. with sth.意為“向(人)提供(物)”。 句意：他們斷言，我們高度發(fā)達(dá)的大腦，為我們提供了一種天生的、還沒(méi)有在低等生物體身上發(fā)現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言能力。 7. A. organizations B. organisms C. humans D. children 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)上文的敘述，顯然，這里是把人和低等動(dòng)物相比較。因此選organisms有機(jī)體，生物體。 8. A. potential B. performance C. preference D. contribution 【答案】A 【解析】此句意思是：人類(lèi)的語(yǔ)言能力是與生俱來(lái)的，但語(yǔ)言本身也在逐漸發(fā)展，所以這種能力應(yīng)該是潛在的。potential潛力；performance履行；preference偏愛(ài)；contribution貢獻(xiàn)。 9. A. as B. just as C. like D. unlike 【答案】A 【解析】此句句意是：語(yǔ)言本身作為童年時(shí)期大腦生長(zhǎng)的一種功能，其發(fā)展是緩慢的。as (作為，當(dāng)作)合乎題意。like作為介詞的意思是“像……一樣”。 10. A. consistent B. biological C. social D. psychological 【答案】B 【解析】此句句意為：語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵期，人體的成長(zhǎng)是生物變化的過(guò)程。biological生物的；consistent一致的；social社會(huì)的；psychological心理的。 11. A. reviews B. reference C. reaction D. remendation 【答案】A 【解析】此處意為：目前人們對(duì)“先天論”評(píng)論觀點(diǎn)不一，但是支持某些天生能力的證據(jù)卻是確鑿無(wú)疑的。reviews評(píng)論；reference參考；reaction反應(yīng)；remendation推薦。 12. A. In a word B. In a sense C. Indeed D. In conclusion 【答案】C 13. A. unique B. different C. the higher D. the lower 【答案】D 【解析】此處意思是：越來(lái)越多的學(xué)校發(fā)現(xiàn)在什么年級(jí)學(xué)外語(yǔ)較容易，根據(jù)常識(shí)(低年級(jí)學(xué)外語(yǔ)較容易)以及后文的Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults…可以選定答案。 14. A. revealed B. exposed C. engaged D. involved 【答案】B 【解析】此處意為：通過(guò)接觸多種語(yǔ)言，孩子們可以學(xué)會(huì)好幾種語(yǔ)言。be exposed to是固定搭配，接觸到。reveal(顯露)sth.to sb，不合題意，因本題中的them指languages。其余選項(xiàng)不與to搭配。engage in從事；be involved in參與。 15. A. regulations B. formations C. rules D. constitutions 【答案】C 【解析】此句意思是：一旦母語(yǔ)的規(guī)則被深深印入腦海中，成年人就很難再學(xué)好另一種語(yǔ)言。rules規(guī)則，規(guī)律；regulations規(guī)定；formations構(gòu)成，構(gòu)造；constitutions憲法，章程。 16. A. Although B. Whether C. Since D. When 【答案】A 【解析】分析上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)為讓步關(guān)系。句意：雖然語(yǔ)言的一些因素是天生的這無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯，但語(yǔ)言卻不能脫離實(shí)際而自動(dòng)發(fā)展。 17. A. distinguished B. difficult C. protected D. isolated 【答案】D 【解析】此句句意為：與人隔絕的兒童是不能掌握好一門(mén)語(yǔ)言的。isolated孤立的，與人隔絕的；distinguished區(qū)別的，杰出的；different不同的；protected受到保護(hù)的。 18. A. exposition B. parison C. contrast D. interaction 【答案】D 19. A. acquisition B. appreciation C. requirement D. access 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分別指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此處所填詞對(duì)應(yīng)上文中的language development。也就是說(shuō)，language acquisition語(yǔ)言習(xí)得。appreciation欣賞，感激；requirement要求；access入口，通路，路徑。 20. A. As a result B. After all C. In other words D. As a whole 【答案】C 【解析】本句功能是以另一種方式解釋前文中的“imitative, learned behavior.(模仿性的后天行為)”。in other words換言之，換句話說(shuō)；as a result結(jié)果是；after all畢竟；as a whole總的來(lái)說(shuō)，總體上看。這些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家視語(yǔ)言為一種模仿的學(xué)習(xí)性行為。也就是說(shuō)，孩子通過(guò)模仿父母的語(yǔ)言來(lái)進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。父母?jìng)兺ㄟ^(guò)鼓勵(lì)準(zhǔn)確的模仿和改正不正確的模仿，逐漸塑造了他們的孩子的語(yǔ)言技能。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．The stone was so heavy for him to move, so he called his friends to help. ________________________________________________________ 答案：第一個(gè)so→too　too ... to do “太……而不能”。 2．The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, buried her head in the book in her hands. ________________________________________________________ 答案：buried→burying　此處burying是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 3．Judged from his appearance, he seems to be rich. ________________________________________________________ 答案：Judged→Judging　judging from ... “由……來(lái)判斷”。 4．I think there are the number of opportunities to get more energy. ________________________________________________________ 答案：the→a　a number of opportunities “許多機(jī)會(huì)”。 5．The news that Donald Trump was elected President of the USA made the whole world extreme shocked. ________________________________________________________ 答案：extreme→extremely　extremely副詞“極其，非?！?，此處修飾形容詞shocked。