2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)自練題 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 1 Great Scientists 一、閱讀理解。 Many of us have desires that might seem to be beyond our abilities，but looking to those who overcame similar difficulties can be a great source of inspiration for anyone trying to live their best life.Here are some quotes(引語) from people who chased their dreams and turned them into amazing realities. Este Lauder “I didnt get there by wishing for it or hoping for it，but by working for it.” —Este Lauder，F(xiàn)ounder of Este Lauder Fun fact：Lauder started out by helping her chemist uncle sell face creams and perfumes and turned millionaire. Oprah Winfrey “You know you are on the road to success if you would do your job and not be paid for it.” —Oprah Winfrey，TV Mogul and Host Fun fact：There was a time when Winfrey couldnt afford soup.Now，she is a philanthropist(慈善家)and one of the most inspiring persons of her generation. Madam C．J.Walker “Dont sit down and wait for the opportunities to e.Get up and make them.” —Madam C．J.Walker，Civil Rights Activist and Inventor Fun fact：Walker was known as the first black female millionaire after she launched her haircare line in 1905.In fact，she was the first American woman of any race to be a selfmade millionaire. Sara Blakely “Embrace what you dont know，especially in the beginning，because what you dont know can bee your greatest asset(財(cái)富)．” —Sara Blakely，Spanx Founder Fun fact：Blakely earned a Forbes cover in 2012 for being the youngest female selfmade billionaire. 1．Which of the following people is not a business person? A．Este Lauder.　 B．Oprah Winfrey. C．Sara Blakely. D．Madam C．J.Walker. 2．What can we learn from the quotes of Este Lauder and Madam C．J.Walker? A．Well begun is half done. B．Rome was not built in one day. C．Action speaks louder than words. D．Where there is a will，there is a way. 3．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A．They received advanced education. B．They are truly creative and peaceloving. C．They turned nothing into something huge. D．They achieved great success in their fields. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。每個(gè)人都有超越自身能力的對(duì)成功的欲望，如何克服困難實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想呢？文章用四個(gè)成功人士對(duì)成功的見解和他們成功的經(jīng)歷給出了答案。 1．B　推理判斷題。Este Lauder靠賣面霜和香水成了百萬富翁；Oprah Winfrey是個(gè)大慈善家；Madam C．J.Walker是美國第一位白手起家的黑人女百萬富翁；Sara Blakely 2012年榮登福布斯榜，是最年輕的白手起家的女億萬富翁。從對(duì)每一位的敘述及“Oprah Winfrey，TV Mogul and Host”可知，Oprah Winfrey不是一位商人。故選B。 2．C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)Este Lauder的話中的“by working for it”和Madam C．J.Walker的話中的“Get up and make them.”可知，兩個(gè)人的話都表達(dá)了“行勝于言”。故選C。 3．D　推理判斷題。文中提到的四個(gè)女性都是在各自領(lǐng)域中獲得偉大成功的典型。故選D。A、B兩項(xiàng)文中沒有提及；C項(xiàng)“把一無所有變成偉大”夸大事實(shí)。 亮點(diǎn)句積累：I didnt get there by wishing for it or hoping for it, but by working for it.(Este Lauder部分第一段) 譯文：我不靠許愿或憧憬，而靠奮斗來獲取成功。 二、語法填空。 China will allow all couples to have two children，__1__ (give) up its decadeslong onechild policy, the munist Party of China (CPC) __2__ (announce) after a key meeting on Thursday. The change of policy is intended to balance population development and meet the challenge of an aging population, according to a muniqu (公報(bào))__3__ (issue) after the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th munist Party of China (CPC) Central mittee held from Monday to Thursday. The proposal must be approved by the top legislature (立法機(jī)關(guān)) __4__ it es into force. Chinas family planning policy was first introduced in the late 1970s __5__ (control) the rapid __6__ (grow) of the population by limiting most urban couples __7__ one child, and as to rural couples, they can have two children on condition that their firstborn child was a girl. The policy was later relaxed. Parents __8__ were both only children in their family could have __9__ second child. The onechild policy was __10__ (far) loosened in November 2013 after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central mittee, and couples are allowed to have two children if one of them is an only child. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文，講述了中國的“全面二孩”政策的由來。 1．giving　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子主語China與give up之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞ing形式作狀語，故填giving。 2．a(chǎn)nnounced　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語on Thursday可知，本處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。 3．issued　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，issue與muniqu之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞issued作定語。 4．before　考查連詞。句意：提議在生效之前必須得到最高立法機(jī)關(guān)的批準(zhǔn)。before “在……之前”。 5．to control　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。中國于20世紀(jì)70年代晚期開始實(shí)施計(jì)劃生育政策以控制急劇增長的人口。本處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。 6．growth　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示控制急劇增長的人口，應(yīng)用名詞作賓語，故填growth。 7．to　考查介詞。limit ... to ... “限定……到……”是固定搭配。 8．who/that　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。夫婦雙方均為獨(dú)生子女的，還可以再生一個(gè)孩子。本處先行詞為parents，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，故填who/that。 9．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。序數(shù)詞前用不定冠詞，意為“再，又”。這里指“再生一個(gè)小孩，或可生第二個(gè)孩子”。 10．further　考查副詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)句意“一孩政策進(jìn)一步放松”可知，本處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)；由于本處不是表距離，而是表事情的程度，故填further。 三、完形填空。 I started serving the homeless when I was eight years old. I didn’t know these people would make such a big difference in my 1 ． Twice a month I go to the church and help get things ready for 2 . When the gate is opened，people e in 3 to get drinks. They take their seats while breakfast is 4 ， and then we begin to 5 . We each take two plates and carry them 6 the line as the plates are 7 . Each person receives several kinds of foods. I walk to the tables and 8 the plates before them. After I’ve served them，I ask if they need 9 else and bring them whatever they ask for. When I first started serving，I was a little 10 . At first I stayed close to my mom most of the time，but after I got to know these strangers，I 11 that they were friendly people. And the 12 of them was often nicer than the outside.I realized that there was no 13 to be scared. After serving for a few months，I started to 14 seeing the same people each week. All of these people make my day much 15 . The past two years has made a big 16 in my life. I do this 17 it is the right thing to do. When I serve people，I want them to know that someone 18 them and that they matter. Serving makes me happy, but even more 19 ，it teaches me to love and 20 others and helps make the world a better place. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇蓖ㄟ^自己八歲跟隨媽媽到教堂做慈善活動(dòng)的親身經(jīng)歷，感悟到了人生的意義。 1．A.study　　　　　　　 B．work C．family D．life D　解析：首先空處所在句是全文的主旨句，又根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句可知，這些人對(duì)“我”的人生(life)產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。故選D項(xiàng)。 2．A.breakfast B．brunch C．lunch D．dinner A　解析：根據(jù)下文的breakfast可知，此處應(yīng)該是為早餐(breakfast)做準(zhǔn)備工作。故選A項(xiàng)。 3．A.secretly B．quickly C．slowly D．separately B　解析：根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可知，肯定是快速地(quickly)進(jìn)教堂來取飲料。故選B項(xiàng)。 4．A.ordered B．enjoyed C．prepared D．tasted C　解析：根據(jù)空處所在句句意可知，我們準(zhǔn)備早飯時(shí)，他們坐下來。故選C項(xiàng)。 5．A.eat B．serve C．leave D．try B　解析：根據(jù)第一段的“I started serving the homeless”可知，我們侍候無家可歸者，為他們提供飯菜。故選B項(xiàng)。 6．A.before B．beyond C．a(chǎn)bove D．a(chǎn)long D　解析：此處表示：我們每個(gè)人拿兩個(gè)盤子，沿著座位給他們端上食物。before“在……面前”；beyond“超出……的范圍”；above“在……上方”；along“沿著……旁邊”。故選D項(xiàng)。 7．A.emptied B．washed C．filled D．dried C　解析：根據(jù)句意可知，當(dāng)盤子被盛滿(filled)食物的時(shí)候我們才把盤子端給無家可歸者。故選C項(xiàng)。 8．A.make B．set C．fix D．show B　解析：根據(jù)空前的“I walk to the tables”可知，“我”應(yīng)該是把盤子放置(set)在他們的餐桌上。故選B項(xiàng)。 9．A.nothing B．everything C．what D．a(chǎn)nything D　解析：根據(jù)空處所在句句意可知，“我”詢問他們是否還有其他需要。故選D項(xiàng)。 10．A.surprised B．embarrassed C．scared D．puzzled C　解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，剛開始時(shí)“我”有點(diǎn)害怕(scared)。下文的“to be scared”也是提示。 11．A.realized B．a(chǎn)dmitted C．claimed D．swore A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，隨著“我”對(duì)這些人的深入了解，“我”意識(shí)到他們是友善的。realize“意識(shí)到”；admit“承認(rèn)”；claim“聲稱”；swear“發(fā)誓”。故選A項(xiàng)。 12．A.past B．inside C．surface D．front B　解析：根據(jù)空后的“nicer than the outside”可知，空處應(yīng)用outside的反義詞inside。故選B項(xiàng)。 13．A.way B．doubt C．reason D．wonder C　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，這些人都很友好，“我”沒有理由(reason)感到害怕。故選C項(xiàng)。 14．A.get tired of B．take charge of C．get down to D．look forward to D　解析：根據(jù)上文“我”情感的變化可知，做了幾個(gè)月后，“我”每周都期待(look forward to)與這些人見面。get tired of“對(duì)……厭倦，厭煩”；take charge of“負(fù)責(zé)”；get down to“著手”。故選D項(xiàng)。 15．A.better B．further C．busier D．easier A　解析：根據(jù)上文“我”每周期待與這些人見面可推知，“我”的生活每周因他們變得更好(better)。故選A項(xiàng)。 16．A.success B．difference C．profit D．fortune B　解析：此句與文章第一段第二句中的“make such a big difference”呼應(yīng)，故選B項(xiàng)。 17．A.because B．if C．once D．though A　解析：根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系可知，空處前后有因果關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。 18．A.relies on B．goes after C．cares about D．looks for C　解析：care about“在乎，關(guān)心”；rely on“依靠，依賴”；go after“追求，追逐”；look for“尋找”。此處表示“我想讓他們知道有人關(guān)心他們并且他們很重要”。故選C項(xiàng)。 19．A.necessarily B．interestingly C．honestly D．importantly D　解析：importantly “重要地”，necessarily “必要地”，interestingly “有趣地”；honestly “誠實(shí)地”。根據(jù)空前的“Serving makes me happy, but even more”可知，importantly更符合語境，故選D項(xiàng)。 20．A.respect B．forgive C．inspire D．protect A　解析：forgive“原諒”；inspire“激發(fā)”；protect“保護(hù)”。由語境可知，只有respect符合，故選A項(xiàng)。 四、短文改錯(cuò)。 One day, an old man was returning home after shopping. Suddenly, a bag of waste fell in the sky, nearly hitting him on his head. He was greatly frightening by the unexpected incident. Dropped the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. What dangerous it was! Obviously, the accident caused by a careless neighbour living highly in an apartment. It was that person who was to blame for. Every one of us should behave politely and think more about other. Only when we each behaved properly can our society be changed into a pleasant one. 答案： One day, an old man was returning home after shopping. Suddenly, a bag of waste fell the sky, nearly hitting him on head. He was greatly by the unexpected incident. the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. dangerous it was! Obviously, the accident caused by a careless neighbour living in an apartment. It was that person who was to blame . Every one of us should behave politely and think more about . Only when we each properly can our society be changed into a pleasant one. 難項(xiàng)分析： 第二處：his→the　考查冠詞。動(dòng)詞＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋身體部位為固定用法，此處表示“幾乎擊中了他的頭部”。 第四處：Dropped→Dropping　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。邏輯主語he與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。 第九處：other→others　考查代詞。other為形容詞“其他的”；others為代詞，指代“其他人”。 五、七選五 Selfconfident people face their fears headon and they know that no matter what obstacles e their way，they have the ability to get past them.Wouldn’t it be amazing to have this kind of selfconfidence？Guess what？You can.1. Stay away from negativity. 2． This is a tough one，but it’s time to seriously consider getting away from those individuals who put you down and shred your confidence.Even a temporary break from Debbie Downer can make a huge difference and help you move toward more selfconfidence. Be positive. Put some positive enthusiasm into your interactions with others and hit the ground running，excited to begin your next project. 3. Instead，begin to focus on solutions and making positive changes. Don’t accept failure. Never give up.Never accept failure and get rid of the negative voices in your head.There is a solution to everything.4. Make this your new mantra(真言)．Succeeding in a difficult or unpleasant situation is a huge confidence booster(激勵(lì))． 5． Learn everything there is to know about your field，job，presentation—whatever is next on your“to conquer”list.If you are prepared，and have the knowledge to back it up，your selfconfidence will rise very quickly. A．Be prepared. B．Create a great list. C．Get out of your fort zone. D．Stop focusing on the problems in your life. E．Therefore，why would you want to stop trying? F．Here’s how you can learn to be confident of all you do. G．Evaluate your inner circle，including friends and family. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了提高自信的一些方法。 1．F　解析：根據(jù)空前的“Wouldn’t it be amazing to have this kind of selfconfidence？Guess what？You can.”及下文羅列的內(nèi)容可知，此處需填一個(gè)承上啟下的句子，故F項(xiàng)“這是你可以學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)你所做的所有事情感到自信的方法?！狈险Z境。 2. G　解析：根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Stay away from negativity.”以及G項(xiàng)中的“friends and family”與空后句子中的“those individuals”的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系可知，G項(xiàng)符合語境。 3．D　解析：根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Be positive.”及空后的“Instead，begin to focus on solutions and making positive changes.”可知，空處所填內(nèi)容與其后面的內(nèi)容之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故D項(xiàng)“不要再關(guān)注你生活中的問題。”符合語境。 4．E　解析：根據(jù)空前的“Never give up.Never accept failure and get rid of the negative voices in your head.There is a solution to everything.”可知，空處所填內(nèi)容與上文存在因果關(guān)系，故E項(xiàng)“因此，你為什么想要放棄努力呢？”符合語境。 5．A　解析：根據(jù)最后一段中的內(nèi)容尤其是“If you are prepared，and have the knowledge to back it up...”可知，本段介紹的提高自信的方法是要做好準(zhǔn)備，故A項(xiàng)符合語境。