2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪選練習(xí)題 模塊5 Unit 3 Science versus nature（含解析）牛津譯林版.doc

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Science versus nature 一、閱讀理解。 Many of us have desires that might seem to be beyond our abilities，but looking to those who overcame similar difficulties can be a great source of inspiration for anyone trying to live their best life.Here are some quotes(引語(yǔ)) from people who chased their dreams and turned them into amazing realities. Este Lauder “I didnt get there by wishing for it or hoping for it，but by working for it.” —Este Lauder，F(xiàn)ounder of Este Lauder Fun fact：Lauder started out by helping her chemist uncle sell face creams and perfumes and turned millionaire. Oprah Winfrey “You know you are on the road to success if you would do your job and not be paid for it.” —Oprah Winfrey，TV Mogul and Host Fun fact：There was a time when Winfrey couldnt afford soup.Now，she is a philanthropist(慈善家)and one of the most inspiring persons of her generation. Madam C．J.Walker “Dont sit down and wait for the opportunities to e.Get up and make them.” —Madam C．J.Walker，Civil Rights Activist and Inventor Fun fact：Walker was known as the first black female millionaire after she launched her haircare line in 1905.In fact，she was the first American woman of any race to be a selfmade millionaire. Sara Blakely “Embrace what you dont know，especially in the beginning，because what you dont know can bee your greatest asset(財(cái)富)．” —Sara Blakely，Spanx Founder Fun fact：Blakely earned a Forbes cover in 2012 for being the youngest female selfmade billionaire. 1．Which of the following people is not a business person? A．Este Lauder.　 B．Oprah Winfrey. C．Sara Blakely. D．Madam C．J.Walker. 2．What can we learn from the quotes of Este Lauder and Madam C．J.Walker? A．Well begun is half done. B．Rome was not built in one day. C．Action speaks louder than words. D．Where there is a will，there is a way. 3．What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A．They received advanced education. B．They are truly creative and peaceloving. C．They turned nothing into something huge. D．They achieved great success in their fields. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。每個(gè)人都有超越自身能力的對(duì)成功的欲望，如何克服困難實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想呢？文章用四個(gè)成功人士對(duì)成功的見(jiàn)解和他們成功的經(jīng)歷給出了答案。 1．B　推理判斷題。Este Lauder靠賣(mài)面霜和香水成了百萬(wàn)富翁；Oprah Winfrey是個(gè)大慈善家；Madam C．J.Walker是美國(guó)第一位白手起家的黑人女百萬(wàn)富翁；Sara Blakely 2012年榮登福布斯榜，是最年輕的白手起家的女億萬(wàn)富翁。從對(duì)每一位的敘述及“Oprah Winfrey，TV Mogul and Host”可知，Oprah Winfrey不是一位商人。故選B。 2．C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)Este Lauder的話中的“by working for it”和Madam C．J.Walker的話中的“Get up and make them.”可知，兩個(gè)人的話都表達(dá)了“行勝于言”。故選C。 3．D　推理判斷題。文中提到的四個(gè)女性都是在各自領(lǐng)域中獲得偉大成功的典型。故選D。A、B兩項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及；C項(xiàng)“把一無(wú)所有變成偉大”夸大事實(shí)。 亮點(diǎn)句積累：I didnt get there by wishing for it or hoping for it, but by working for it.(Este Lauder部分第一段) 譯文：我不靠許愿或憧憬，而靠奮斗來(lái)獲取成功。 二、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1.—I’ve had a bad cough recently. —Me too. I’ve never experienced _______ of air pollution in cities before. A. an acute problem B. a more acute problem C. a most acute problem D. the most acute problem 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容詞比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)概念的用法。句意：在城市中，以前我從來(lái)沒(méi)經(jīng)歷過(guò)(比這)更嚴(yán)重的空氣污染問(wèn)題。從 never , before 可以看出原來(lái)從來(lái)沒(méi)有比這更嚴(yán)重的，本句中用形容詞比較級(jí)表達(dá)的是最高級(jí)的概念，一個(gè)……的問(wèn)題，用 a。 2.Recently, a video _______ “tiger attack in the zoo” became widespread on the Internet and aroused a heated discussion about who was actually responsible. A. being titled B. titled C. titling D. have titled 【答案】B 【解析】titled=which was titled。句意：最近，一段標(biāo)題為“動(dòng)物園里老虎的攻擊”的視頻在因特網(wǎng)上迅速傳播開(kāi)來(lái)，并引起了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于實(shí)際上由誰(shuí)來(lái)承擔(dān)責(zé)任的熱烈討論。 3.The pupils in our school like reading after lunch, most of _______ seated on the grass unless it rains. A. them B. whom C. that D. who 【答案】A 【解析】本題看似在考查代詞、關(guān)系代詞的用法，實(shí)際上最主要的還是與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有密切關(guān)系。根據(jù)題干可知， 句中的seated 為過(guò)去分詞， 因此選 A項(xiàng)， 構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)“most of them seated on the grass unless it rains”。句意：我校學(xué)生喜歡午飯后讀書(shū)，除非下雨，他們中大多數(shù)人就坐在草坪上讀書(shū)。 4.—Can you tell me what it means by “You can check out any time you like but you can never leave” from the song Hotel California? —It implies that drug users find themselves _______ in a prison from which they cannot escape. A. to be trapped B. having trapped C. trapped D. trapping 【答案】C 【解析】句意：吸毒者發(fā)現(xiàn)他們被困于監(jiān)獄中而不能逃跑。trap 與 themselves 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故選 C。find 后面作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式不帶 to；B、D 兩項(xiàng)為主動(dòng)意義。 5. _______ to the gift was a note on which he expressed his appreciation for our reception during his stay here. A. Being attached B. Attached C. Attaching D. Having attached 【答案】B 【解析】我們可以將 Attached to the gift was a note 理解成 A note was attached to the gift 句意：附在禮物上的是一張便條，便條上說(shuō)對(duì)在他在這里逗留期間我們給他的接待表示感謝。 6.Trump Tower, _______ as the headquarters for The Trump Organization, is a 58story skyscraper _______ in Midtown Manhattan. A. serving, located B. served, located C. served, locating D. serving, locating 【答案】A 【解析】Trump Tower 與 serve 是主謂關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞，由此可以排除 B、C 兩項(xiàng)；表示“位于某地點(diǎn)”，用固定短語(yǔ)“be located in...”，因此第二空用過(guò)去分詞。句意：川普大樓作為川普集團(tuán)的總部，是一座坐落在曼哈頓的一棟 58 層的摩天大樓。 7.The type and quantity of illegal drugs a person is carrying when _______ by the police determine the punishment, _______ from a small fine to life imprisonment. A. caught; ranging B. caught; ranged C. catching; ranging D. catching; ranged 【答案】A 【解析】 catch 與 person 之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系， 因此要用過(guò)去分詞， 排除 C、 D 兩項(xiàng)； range from...to...意為“從……到……”，不用被動(dòng)。句意：一個(gè)人被警察抓獲時(shí)所攜帶的非法毒品的種類(lèi)和數(shù)量決定了懲罰的輕重。范圍從少量罰金到終身監(jiān)禁不等。 8.Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices _______ in the world. A. heard B. having heard C. hearing D. to be heard 【答案】A 【解析】句意：女性應(yīng)該得到尊重，她們的聲音應(yīng)該讓全世界人聽(tīng)到?！癿ake＋賓語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去分詞”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示“使得……被……”，符合語(yǔ)境，make their voices heard 表示“讓她們的聲音被聽(tīng)到”。 9.—Sharon, why is the man so upset now? —His wallet, mobile phone and ID card _______, the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station. A. was stolen B. stolen C. being stolen D. having stolen 【答案】B 【解析】句意：由于他的錢(qián)包、手機(jī)和身份證都被偷走了，所以警察正在調(diào)查，將把他送往一個(gè)社會(huì)救助站。根據(jù)句意可知，用“名詞＋過(guò)去分詞”這個(gè)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)?steal 與名詞 wallet、mobile 和 IDcard 都為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞。 10.The draft regulation on the online protection of minors, _______ for public opinions by the cyberspace authorities, has drawn wide public concern. A. releasing B. having released C. to release D. released 【答案】D 【解析】 句意： 網(wǎng)絡(luò)部門(mén)發(fā)布的未成年人網(wǎng)絡(luò)保護(hù)條例草案， 引起了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。 根據(jù)題意可知， release和 draft 之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。 11.To prevent further pollution, many people are _______ the use of alternative energy sources. A. applying to B. pensating for C. catering to D. pushing for 【答案】D 【解祈】句意：為了防止進(jìn)一步的污染，許多人正在呼吁使用可替代的能源。apply to 適用于，應(yīng)用于； pensate for 賠償；cater to 迎合；push for 努力說(shuō)服，力勸，呼吁。 12.The guest was pleased with the waiter so gave him a small sum _______ in consideration of his service. A. in terms of B. in place of C. in consideration of D. in need of 【答案】C 【解祈】in consideration of sth.=as payment for sth.作為……的報(bào)酬，作為……的酬勞。句意：客人對(duì)那位服務(wù)員很滿(mǎn)意，所以給了他一筆小費(fèi)以酬謝他的服務(wù)。 13.I’m sure that she will remember the great favour he has _______ by offering her a home. A. promised B. made C. done D. instructed 【答案】C 【解祈】do sb. a favor 或 do a favor for sb. 的意思是“幫某人一個(gè)忙” 。the great favour 是先行詞，后面是定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我肯定的說(shuō)，她會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)記住他給予了她一個(gè)家的恩惠。 14.Large quantities of information as well as some timely help _______ since the organization was built. A. has offered B. had been offered C . have been offered D. is offered 【答案】C 【解析】as well as 連接兩個(gè)名詞詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要與前一個(gè)名詞詞組在數(shù)上保持一致。而“Large quantities of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選 C 項(xiàng)。句意：自從該組織成立以后，它提供了大量的信息還有及時(shí)的幫助。 15.Difficult as the task was _______, they never gave up and kept trying all the time. A. to be acplished B. to acplish C. being acplished D. to have been acplished 【答案】B 【解析】句意：任務(wù)盡管很難去完成，他們卻從未放棄并一直在嘗試。此題是 as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句與 “sth+be+adj+to do”句式的結(jié)合，在“sth+be+adj+to do”句式中，動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含 義。 三、完形填空。 “Guys, get out of the mud! How many times do I have to tell you? ”I 　 1　 the words angrily. I felt myself recreating the 　 2　 words my parents had said to me so many times in the past, and I felt powerless to change my kids’ actions. A(n) 　 3　 thought came to me, one that es to most 　 4　 at some point: “Am I being my father?” We were on a short vacation, and my daughter and son were playing in the mud, splashing(濺)it with their boots, and 　 5　 the feeling. You know, one of those feelings that we adults are far too 　 6　 to enjoy anymore. It was the third and last day of our trip, and I’d been with the kids on a solo mission to northern Minnesota. My wife had stayed home to enjoy some 　 7　 time to rest. Taking care of kids alone was 　 8　 no easy task. And while we’d 　 9　 some great time on the trip, it didn’t feel too great at the moment. I was 　 10　 with something many fathers did with: a sense of 　 11　 with my kids, and a feeling I should control their 　 12　 . My son turned around to me and said, “Dad, relax! It’s OK!”I 　 13　 back at him, realizing he was right. 　 14　 , the mud could be washed off. No lives were in 　 15　 . The only 　 16　 here was my desire to control them. I wanted to thank him for his 　 17　 . It’s useful to remember that our kids are not to be controlled. They should be guided and led, but not controlled. This desire to control can lead many fathers to an emotional 　 18　 with their kids. And while many fathers are clearly 　 19　 of this problem, they convince themselves that it can’ t be helped. The truth is that it can be helped, and fathers can 　 20　 the relationship they have with their kids. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：作者無(wú)意中因?yàn)橐患∈聦?duì)孩子發(fā)脾氣，事后作者開(kāi)始反思自己對(duì)孩子教育的方式，最后意識(shí)到對(duì)孩子的教育不是控制而是需要引導(dǎo)。 1.A. picked out B. figured out C. spilled out D. plained about 【答案】C 【解析】從下文中的angrily可知，此處指作者惱怒地脫口而出。spill out在這里表示突然說(shuō)出，脫口而出。 2.A. valuable B. powerful C. unforgettable D. same 【答案】D 【解析】由空前的recreating和空后的my parents had said to me so many times in the past可知，此處表示作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在重復(fù)過(guò)去父母對(duì)自己說(shuō)過(guò)的相同的(same)話。 3.A. alarming B. inspiring C. amusing D. interesting 【答案】A 4.A. educators B. travelers C. fathers D. drivers 【答案】C 【解析】由下文中多次出現(xiàn)的father和fathers可知，此處應(yīng)填fathers。 5.A. expressing B. enjoying C. exploring D. describing 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示孩子們享受(enjoying)這種感覺(jué)。 6.A. familiar B. skilled C. mature D. corrupted 【答案】C 【解析】此處表示大人由于過(guò)于成熟，沒(méi)有了童心，因此享受不到這種快樂(lè)。 7.A. relaxed B. precious C. meaningful D. remaining 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，作者一個(gè)人帶著兩個(gè)孩子，妻子在家享受休息時(shí)光，故這里用relaxed最合適。 8.A. absolutely B. similarly C. additionally D. gradually 【答案】A 【解析】一個(gè)人帶孩子絕對(duì)不是件容易的事。從下文的didn’t feel too great可知，空處用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，故選absolutely。 9.A. suffered B. experienced C. encountered D. counted 【答案】B 【解析】盡管我們已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了(experienced)一些美好的時(shí)光，但此時(shí)此刻作者感覺(jué)并不美好。 10.A. agreeing B. bining C. paring D. struggling 【答案】D 【解析】這里表示作者正如許多父親一樣在努力應(yīng)付一件事情。struggle在此處表示作出極大的努力。 11.A. impatience B. embarrassment C. satisfaction D. expression 【答案】A 【解析】對(duì)應(yīng)上文中的angrily及作者對(duì)孩子說(shuō)的話，此處表示作者對(duì)孩子缺乏耐心(impatience)。 12.A. behavior B. direction C. routine D. emotion 【答案】A 【解析】作者覺(jué)得自己應(yīng)該控制孩子們的行為(behavior)，即約束孩子們不要在泥中玩耍。 13.A. shouted B. glared C. dashed D. looked 【答案】D 14.A. However B. Indeed C. Therefore D. Otherwise 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境，此處表示作者意識(shí)到泥的確(Indeed)可以被洗掉，且在泥中玩耍并沒(méi)有生命危險(xiǎn)。 15.A. vain B. doubt C. danger D. shape 【答案】C 【解析】參見(jiàn)上題解析。in danger意為處于危險(xiǎn)之中。 16.A. chance B. problem C. method D. choice 【答案】B 【解析】此處表示孩子們的行為沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，唯一的問(wèn)題(problem)是作者想要控制孩子們的行為的這種欲望。 17.A. confidence B. response C. education D. concern 【答案】B 【解析】是孩子的回答(response)提醒了自己，因此作者很感激孩子。 18.A. association B. argument C. munication D. disconnection 【答案】D 【解析】控制孩子的欲望會(huì)導(dǎo)致父親與孩子之間的疏遠(yuǎn)。disconnection分離，疏遠(yuǎn)。 19.A. afraid B. ashamed C. aware D. careful 【答案】C 【解析】盡管許多父親清楚地意識(shí)到(aware)這一點(diǎn)，但他們卻說(shuō)服自己這是沒(méi)辦法的。 20.A. build B. destroy C. change D. protect 【答案】C 四、七選五。 Of all the things that can be stolen from you—your possessions, your youth, your health, your words, your rights—what no one can ever take from you is... How you feel about yourself. It takes a long time to learn how to NOT judge yourself through someone else’s eyes. 1. Your attitude towards life. The last of your freedoms is to choose your attitude in any given circumstance. Choose to be happy and positive. It is not always easy to find happiness in ourselves, but it is always impossible to find it elsewhere. 2. 3. The measure of your life will not be in what you accumulate, but in what you give away. And 99 percent of the time you get what you put in, so give freely. If you want to be happy, make those around you happy. Your knowledge and life experiences. Character and wisdom are formed over time. 4. Your best stories will e from overing your greatest struggles. So keep standing, keep learning, and keep living. Your choice to move on enthusiastically. 5． Don’t let someone or something that didn’t make it in your life continue to hurt you. Learn the lesson, forget the pain, and move on. A．Your attitude towards yourself. B．Your ability to spread love and kindness. C．They e with loss, lessons, and successes. D．But once you do, the world is yours for the taking. E．So smile all the way and walk away from negative people. F．Don’t let past relationships and old mistakes ruin your future. G．Holding your uniqueness in high regard is necessary to success. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文介紹了五種任何人從你身上都拿不走的東西。 1．D　解析：根據(jù)本段主題句“How you feel about yourself.”可知，本段主要闡述“人們對(duì)自我的一個(gè)測(cè)評(píng)(認(rèn)知)”；空前說(shuō)“學(xué)會(huì)不用他人的眼光來(lái)看自己需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，緊接著空處應(yīng)起承上作用，故選D，表示“但是一旦你這么做了，世界都屬于你”。 2．E　解析：根據(jù)本段主題句“Your attitude towards life.”可知，本段主要闡述“你對(duì)生活的態(tài)度”，結(jié)合空前一句可知，選E項(xiàng)“一直微笑并遠(yuǎn)離那些消極的人”。 3．B　解析：此處為本段的主題句。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“生活的長(zhǎng)度不在于你擁有多少，而在于你給予他人多少”可推出，本段的中心句是“你傳遞愛(ài)與善良的能力”。故選B。 4．C　解析：此處選上下文銜接句?？涨爸v“你的品質(zhì)和智慧都是隨著時(shí)間而形成的”，空后說(shuō)“克服最大的苦難你就會(huì)過(guò)得精彩”，由此可推斷出，空處選C項(xiàng)“它們的形成伴隨著失敗、教訓(xùn)及成功”，起承上啟下的作用。 5．F　解析：根據(jù)本段主題句和下文“Don’t let...Learn the lesson, forget the pain, and move on.”可推斷，空處選F項(xiàng)“不要讓過(guò)去的關(guān)系和錯(cuò)誤毀掉你的未來(lái)”。