（全國(guó)版）2020版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 話題練 第17練 科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)練習(xí)（含解析）.docx

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第17練 科普知識(shí)與現(xiàn)代技術(shù) 基礎(chǔ)鞏固 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．TheInternethasenabledus(know) andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter. 2．However，someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind. 3．Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology(bring) aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar. 4．Iwilltellyou(direct) thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress. 5．In18thcentury，the(invent) ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution. 6．Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch(convenient) tous. 7．Incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely. 8．WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis(absolute) goodandrightforus. 9．Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，(include) robots. 10．Wecandomanythingsthatwedidn’thavetheabilitytodointhepastby(use) robots. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 11．Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic. 12．Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation. 13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot. 14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，IfullbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus. 15．Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitsothere’remanyaccidents. 16．Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp. 17．Weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore. 18．Thenewtechnology，ifapplyingtoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput. 19．Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly. 20．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlife—thecomputernetwork. 話題詞匯 1．a(chǎn)dvantage n．優(yōu)勢(shì) 2．a(chǎn)rtificial adj.人造的，人工的 3．negative effect負(fù)面影響 4．breakthrough n．突破 5．surf the Internet上網(wǎng) 6．explore v．探索 7．convenience n．方便 8．with the development of...隨著……的發(fā)展 9．change one’s life改變某人的生活 10．drawback n．缺點(diǎn)，不利條件 能力提升 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 A (2018遼寧葫蘆島一模) AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs. Thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfamiliarhumans.However，theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel. Therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalRoyalSocietyshowedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson. Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percent—thesamerateatwhichahuman’sabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton，wholedtheCambridgestudy.“We’veshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedfacerecognitionabilities，closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.” Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includingHuntington’sdisease，affectthisability. “Sheeparelonglivedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchasHuntington’sdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(認(rèn)知的) abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid. 21．Accordingtothenewresearch，what’sunusualaboutsheep? A．Theyhavelargebrains. B．Theycanrecognizetheirowners. C．Theycantellanimalsfromhumans. D．Theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs. 22．Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep? A．Bygivingfoodrewards. B．Byshowingphotosoffamouspeople. C．Byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers. D．Byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns. 23．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage? A．Sheephaveahigherfacerecognitionabilitythanmonkeys. B．Thenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges. C．Thesheep’sfacerecognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain. D．Thesheep’sfacerecognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle. 24．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage? A．AWonderfulScientist B．TheLifeofSheep C．ANewDiscoveryAboutSheep D．HowSheepRecognizeEachOther B (2018四川內(nèi)江一模) Inrecentyears，carmanufacturers(制造商) havebeenputunderpressuretoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenvironment. Oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossil(化石) fuelswithelectricmotors.Unfortunately，thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidn’tsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge. However，carmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.Thisiswherethehybridcar，whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine，comesin.Theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthanatraditionalcar. Inahybridcar，theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol，electricity，orboth.Whenthecarneedsmaximumpower，forexample，ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill，itusesallofitsresources(資源)，butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whenslowingdownorbreaking，theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries. Hybridcarsarebetterfortheenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar.Also，hybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber，whichmakesthemextremelylight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars，sotheyproducelesspollution. Ofcourse，hybridcarsaren’tperfect; theystillrunonfossilfuelsandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.However，theymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaner，“greener”cars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengivingoffharmlesswatervapor.Itlookslikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection. 25．Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotors? A．Theymovedveryfast. B．Theywereunpopular. C．Theirengineswereoftenreplaced. D．Theirengineswereexpensive. 26．Howdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunction? A．Itkeepsthecarrunningsteadily. B．Itdirectsthecartoclimbhills. C．Itdecideswheretopowerthecar. D．Itcontrolshowthecarusespower. 27．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinParagraph5? A．Car’ssmallerengineandspecialmaterials. B．Electricmotorandpetrolengine. C．Hybridcarandhydrogencar. D．Aluminumandcarbonfiber. 28．What’sthebesttitleforthetext? A．Cars’Engines B．CarPollution C．GreenCars D．Cars’Advantages Ⅳ.完形填空 IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.IwassittingtherelookingatwhatI’d29andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe30inmymind.I’maboutto31alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda. WhatcanIsay？I’mtryingtolosesomeweight.32，Idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare33soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步機(jī)) andI34myselfwithpotatochips.I35thatIwillnolongereatthemagain，soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright，andthenatbedtime“justonechipwon’t36it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo？” Ofcourse，I37dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising38.Iwasstartingtofeela(n) 39.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea40，Ienteredaperiodoflong，latenightsfilledwith41deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay42.Withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa43. Unfortunatebut44，Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.45，Ihadworktodo，forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould46.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And47Istarteddoingso，itbecameeasiertoskipthem. Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother48. 29．A.cooked B．ordered C．designed D．introduced 30．A.battle B．competition C．performance D．practice 31．A.burn B．contain C．lose D．consume 32．A.Surprisingly B．Happily C．Unfortunately D．Hopefully 33．A.comingoff B．passingaway C．takingoff D．turningaway 34．A.equip B．connect C．present D．reward 35．A.agree B．pretend C．imagine D．decide 36．A.hurt B．count C．change D．solve 37．A.always B．sometimes C．seldom D．never 38．A.hardly B．instantly C．regularly D．slightly 39．A.urge B．a(chǎn)ttraction C．difference D．pain 40．A.plan B．habit C．game D．hobby 41．A.original B．common C．inspiring D．tight 42．A.awake B．calm C．healthy D．strong 43．A.goal B．memory C．reality D．trend 44．A.unbelievable B．changeable C．understandable D．enjoyable 45．A.Therefore B．However C．Besides D．Otherwise 46．A.lack B．save C．show D．throw 47．A.once B．before C．unless D．though 48．A.choice B．fault C．cause D．excuse 答案解析 Ⅰ.1.toknow　2.to　3.hasbrought　4.directly　5.invention6．convenience　7.with　8.absolutely　9.including　10.using Ⅱ.11.Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic. 12．Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingandinformation. 13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatusalot. 14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，IbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus. 15．Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitthere’remanyaccidents. 16．Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygiveto\usmuchhelp. 17．Weliveinanagemoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore. 18．Thenewtechnology，iftoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput. 19．Hethoughtthatthekeytopeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly. 20．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninourlife—thecomputernetwork. Ⅲ. 21．D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs”可知，綿羊的不尋常之處在于它們能夠從照片中識(shí)別人臉，故選D。] 22．A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段首句“Initially，the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards.”可知，研究人員通過給綿羊食物獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)來訓(xùn)練綿羊，故選A。] 23．B　[推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“That means they can be useful models to help...Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change.”可以推斷出，該項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)有益于對(duì)認(rèn)知能力改變的研究，故選B。] 24．C　[標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知這篇文章主要講了一項(xiàng)新的研究表明綿羊能夠從照片中識(shí)別人臉，故選C。] 25．B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“Unfortunately，these vehicles had several disadvantages and they didn’t sell very well.The problems were that the batteries of these electric cars ran out very quickly and took a long time to recharge.”可知，這種電動(dòng)汽車的電池很快就耗盡了，而且充電需要花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，所以不受歡迎賣得不好。故選B。] 26．D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“In a hybrid car，the engine is controlled by a computer which determines whether the car runs on petrol，electricity，or both.”可知，混合動(dòng)力車的電腦決定該車是使用汽油、電力還是兩者兼用。故選D。] 27．A　[代詞指代題。根據(jù)第五段中的“they have a much smaller engine than a traditional car”及“using materials such as aluminum and carbon fiber，which makes them extremely light”可知，更小的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和特殊的建造材料使混合動(dòng)力車省油，所以Both of them指的是這兩者，故選A。] 28．C　[標(biāo)題歸納題。文章介紹了一種由電腦操控引擎、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保的混合動(dòng)力汽車。C項(xiàng)(綠色環(huán)保車)概括了其主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)，適合作為本文標(biāo)題。] Ⅳ. 語篇解讀　作者想要減肥，但是他不斷地?cái)z入大量脂肪，又因?yàn)榉N種原因放棄了鍛煉，最終減肥失敗。 29．B　[cook烹飪；order點(diǎn)菜，命令；design設(shè)計(jì)；introduce介紹。由上文中的“I was eating lunch in a restaurant”可知，此處指作者看著自己“點(diǎn)的食物”。] 30．A　[battle戰(zhàn)斗；competition競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；performance表演；practice練習(xí)。下一句提到作者攝入大量脂肪，又喝蘇打水減肥，故可知作者非常矛盾，內(nèi)心做著激烈的“斗爭(zhēng)”。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 31．D　[burn燃燒；contain包含；lose失去；consume吃，喝，飲。作者打算消耗掉大量的脂肪。故D項(xiàng)正確。] 32．C　[surprisingly令人驚訝地；happily高興地；unfortunately不幸地；hopefully有希望地。上一句提到作者想要減肥，但是不幸的是作者還不斷地?cái)z入大量脂肪，所以此處意為“不幸的是”。故C項(xiàng)正確。] 33．A　[come off從……掉下；pass away去世；take off起飛；turn away拒絕……進(jìn)入。作者不斷地?cái)z入大量脂肪，這是作者體重下降慢的原因。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 34．D　[equip裝備，使具有；connect連接；present頒發(fā)，呈現(xiàn)；reward獎(jiǎng)賞。作者在跑步機(jī)上鍛煉半個(gè)小時(shí)后，用薯片來獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己。故D項(xiàng)正確。] 35．D　[agree同意；pretend假裝；imagine想象；decide決定。由后面的“so I just eat a lot at this time”可知，作者決定以后再也不吃薯片了，所以只在這次吃很多的薯片。故D項(xiàng)正確。] 36．A　[hurt危害，傷害；count數(shù)數(shù)；change改變；solve解決。作者認(rèn)為只吃一片薯片不會(huì)妨礙自己減肥，這是作者為自己吃薯片找的借口。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 37．B　[always一直，總是；sometimes有時(shí)候；seldom很少；never從不。由下一句“Once I put together two full weeks of eating properly...”可知，作者有時(shí)候減肥計(jì)劃實(shí)施得很好。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 38．C　[hardly幾乎不；instantly立即；regularly有規(guī)律地，定期地；slightly稍微地。由下文“I could bend over to tie my shoes more easily.”可知，作者的減肥計(jì)劃曾經(jīng)實(shí)施得很好。由此可知，作者曾經(jīng)有兩周堅(jiān)持合理飲食并經(jīng)常鍛煉。故C項(xiàng)正確。] 39．C　[urge迫切的要求；attraction吸引力；difference不同；pain痛苦。由下一句“I could bend over to tie my shoes more easily.”可知，作者彎腰系鞋帶容易多了，說明作者開始感覺到不同了。故C項(xiàng)正確。] 40．B　[plan計(jì)劃；habit習(xí)慣；game游戲；hobby業(yè)余愛好。由該段最后一句中的“the habit of a sensible eating and exercising”可知，此處指正當(dāng)合理飲食和經(jīng)常鍛煉即將成為一個(gè)習(xí)慣時(shí)。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 41．D　[original最初的；common常見的；inspiring鼓舞人心的；tight緊的。由下一句作者熬夜工作可知，作者的工作期限很緊。故D項(xiàng)正確。] 42．A　[awake醒著的；calm冷靜的；healthy健康的；strong強(qiáng)壯的。作者通過吃零食、喝蘇打水來保持清醒狀態(tài)。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 43．B　[goal目標(biāo)；memory記憶；reality現(xiàn)實(shí)；trend趨勢(shì)。熬夜使得作者沒有再堅(jiān)持合理的飲食和鍛煉，所以合理的飲食和鍛煉成為了一個(gè)“記憶”。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 44．C　[unbelievable難以置信的；changeable易變的；understandable可理解的；enjoyable愉快的。作者太疲憊了以至于不能堅(jiān)持鍛煉，這雖然不幸但是可以理解。故C項(xiàng)正確。] 45．C　[therefore因此；however但是；besides此外；otherwise否則。上一句提到作者太累以至于不能堅(jiān)持鍛煉。該句提到作者有大量工作要做。這都是作者放棄的原因，它們之間是并列關(guān)系，故C項(xiàng)正確。] 46．B　[lack缺乏；save儲(chǔ)存，節(jié)??；show展示；throw扔。大量的工作需要消耗作者所能儲(chǔ)存的所有能量。故B項(xiàng)正確。] 47．A　[once一旦；before以前；unless除非；though但是。一旦間斷鍛煉，以后就很容易經(jīng)常間斷。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 48．D　[choice選擇；fault缺點(diǎn)，過失；cause起因；excuse借口。作者認(rèn)為我們總是能夠找到理由不去做應(yīng)該做的事。每一個(gè)理由都是為自己開脫的借口。故D項(xiàng)正確。]