（全國(guó)通用）2020高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 3 Science and nature講義（含解析）牛津譯林版必修5.doc

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Unit 3 Science and nature (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意 1．clone vt.　　　　　　 克隆 n. 克隆出來(lái)的動(dòng)物或植物 2．nutrition n. 營(yíng)養(yǎng) 3．fellow n. 男子，家伙；同事，同類 4．channel n. 水道；航道；隧道 5．catastrophe n. 災(zāi)難，災(zāi)禍 6．insert vt. 插入，嵌入 7．harvest vt.& vi. 收割(莊稼) n. 收獲；收成 8．saleswoman n. 女售貨員，女推銷員 9．physician n．[縱聯(lián)1] 醫(yī)師；內(nèi)科醫(yī)生 10．tasty adj. 美味的，可口的 11．a(chǎn)griculture n. 農(nóng)業(yè) 12．rainforest n. 雨林 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——————寫其形 1．a(chǎn)ccurate adj. 準(zhǔn)確的，精確的 2．brief adj. 短暫的，簡(jiǎn)潔的，簡(jiǎn)單的 3．exact adj. 精確的，準(zhǔn)確的 4．relation n. 關(guān)系；親戚 5．conduct vt. 實(shí)施；指揮樂(lè)隊(duì) 6．profit n. 利潤(rùn)，收益 vi.& vt. 獲益；對(duì)……有用 7．concept n. 概念；觀念 8．favour n. 贊同，支持；恩惠，幫助；偏愛(ài)，偏袒 9．ordinary adj. 普通的，一般的 10．confirm vt.& vi. 證實(shí)，證明；確認(rèn)；使確信 11．transform vt.[縱聯(lián)2] 使改變外觀或性質(zhì)(尤指向好的方 向)；使改變形態(tài) 12．summary n. 總結(jié)；概括，概要 13．a(chǎn)ctual adj. 真實(shí)的，實(shí)際的 14．ine n. 收入，收益 15．crime n．[縱聯(lián)3] 罪，罪行 16．hunger n. 饑餓；饑荒 17．breakthrough n. 突破 18．permission n. 準(zhǔn)許，許可，批準(zhǔn) Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變 1．a(chǎn)nxiety n．憂慮，焦慮，不安→anxious adj.擔(dān)憂的，焦急的 2．a(chǎn)dopt vt.收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)；采用，采納→adopted adj.收養(yǎng)的→adoption n．采用；收養(yǎng) 3．consequence n．結(jié)果，后果→consequent adj.隨之發(fā)生的→consequently adv.因此，所以 4．profession n．職業(yè)，行業(yè)→professional adj.專業(yè)的，職業(yè)的 5．original adj.原來(lái)的，起初的；首創(chuàng)的；非復(fù)制的→origin n．起源；出身，來(lái)歷 6．judgement n．判斷力；看法，評(píng)價(jià)；(法律)判決→judge v．判斷 7．majority n．多數(shù)，大多數(shù)→minority n．少數(shù)民族；少數(shù) 8．consideration n．仔細(xì)考慮；必須考慮的因素；體諒，顧及→consider v．考慮，認(rèn)為→considering prep.鑒于，考慮到→considerate adj.體貼的→considerable adj.大量的 9．reliable adj.可信賴的，可依靠的→rely vi.依靠，依賴 10．frighten vt.使驚嚇，使驚恐→frightening adj.(事物)令人害怕的→frightened adj.(人)感到害怕的 11．intention n．目的，意圖；企圖→intend vt.意欲，計(jì)劃；打算 縱聯(lián)1.有病不可亂投“醫(yī)” ①physician 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生 ②surgeon 外科醫(yī)生 ③dentist 牙醫(yī) ④eye doctor 眼科醫(yī)生 ⑤plastic surgeon 整形外科醫(yī)生 縱聯(lián)2.前綴“trans”之家 ①transform 使改變形態(tài) ②transplant 移植 ③translate 翻譯 ④transmit 傳送；傳播 ⑤transfer 轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)讓 ⑥transparent 透明的 縱聯(lián)3.“犯罪”相關(guān)常見(jiàn)詞 ①crime n. 罪，罪行 ②accuse vt. 控告；指控 ③charge vt. 控告 ④mit vt. 犯(罪) ⑤punish vt. 懲罰；處罰 ⑥sentence vt. 判決；宣判 單元話題——前沿科技 子話題1　人工智能 ①artificial intelligence　　　　 人工智能 ②data mining 數(shù)據(jù)挖掘 ③serviceoriented robots 服務(wù)型機(jī)器人 ④big data 大數(shù)據(jù) ⑤speech recognition 語(yǔ)言識(shí)別 ⑥cloud puting 云計(jì)算 子話題2　生物技術(shù) ①organism n．有機(jī)體 ②upbringing n．撫育，養(yǎng)育 ③makeup n．構(gòu)成，構(gòu)造 ④genetics n．遺傳學(xué) ⑤ponent n．成分 ⑥procedure n．程序 ⑦breed n．(動(dòng)植物的)品種 ⑧sample n．樣本 ⑨biotechnology n．生物科技 ⑩transplant n．& vt.移植 ?reproduce v．復(fù)制；使再現(xiàn) ?biodiversity n．生物多樣性 [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用 1．(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀C)I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips — of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干細(xì)胞) in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested? from a donor (捐獻(xiàn)者) to the time they can be implanted? in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time. ①寫出加黑詞在此處的漢語(yǔ)意思：獲得，得到，本詞的常用含義為“收獲，收割”。 ②寫出加黑詞在本單元的近義詞：insert，意為“植入”。 2．(2013湖南高考閱讀表達(dá))Podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually (相互地) beneficial?.People learn from her — but she also learns from them.She says that the majority of those who e to her? are dealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also to provide real? answers. ①用本單元單詞改寫句子：she thinks the project profits_each_other ②寫出加黑詞塊在此處的漢語(yǔ)意思：大多數(shù)來(lái)找她的人 ③寫出加黑詞在本單元的近義詞：actual，其副詞形式為：actually 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用 (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)及提示詞翻譯句子) 1．(2017浙江高考書面表達(dá))這匹狼可能感覺(jué)到了來(lái)自人們的威脅，開(kāi)始撤退。因此，它沿著公路跑掉了，消失在遠(yuǎn)方。(consequence) The_wolf_might_feel_the_threats_from_the_people,_starting_to_withdraw.As_a_consequence/In_consequence,_it_ran_away_off_the_road_and_disappeared_in_the_distance. 2．(2013廣東高考書面表達(dá))另外，候選人應(yīng)該愿意與他人保持良好關(guān)系。(relation) Moreover,_the_candidates_should_be_willing_to_keep_good_relations_with_others. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 1．a(chǎn)dopt vt.收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)；采用，采納 [記牢] (1)adopt ones advice (suggestion)/plan/idea 　　　　　　　　　 采納某人的建議/計(jì)劃/想法 adopt a positive attitude 采取積極的態(tài)度 adopt an orphan 領(lǐng)養(yǎng)孤兒 (2)adopted adj. 領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的 adoption n. 收養(yǎng)；采納 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①M(fèi)any animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption (adopt) services for homeless animals. ②Parents who have an adopted child want to know whether they should tell the child he or she is_adopted.(adopt) 完成句子 ③After much consideration, the president decided to adopt_her_suggestion (采納她的建議)． ④Pupils should be helped to adopt_a_positive_attitude_to (對(duì)……采取積極的態(tài)度) their life. [用準(zhǔn)]　adopt與adapt 是容易混淆的形似詞，adapt意為“適應(yīng)”。 [寫美] ⑤(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))我希望你采納我的建議，祝你玩得愉快。 I_hope_you_would_adopt_my_suggestions_and_have_a_good_time. 2．consequence n．結(jié)果；后果 [記牢] (1)as a consequence/result ＝ in consequence 　　　　　　　　　　 因此，結(jié)果 as a consequence/result of ＝ in consequence of 因?yàn)椤木壒? (2)take/accept/face the consequences of 承擔(dān)……的后果 (3)consequent adj. 作為結(jié)果的，隨之發(fā)生的 consequently adv. 因此，結(jié)果；所以 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①As a consequence, they cant concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class. ②Consequently (consequent), she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture. ③The warming of the Earth and the consequent (consequence) climatic changes affect us all. 完成句子 ④Today, as_a_consequence_of/in_consequence_of (由于) the rapid development of digital technology, the appearance of people and their way of life have been revolutionary changed. ⑤The young should learn to take/accept/face_the_consequences_of (承擔(dān)……的后果) their actions. [寫美] ⑥(2013福建高考書面表達(dá))結(jié)果，孩子們變得如此依賴父母，以至于他們沒(méi)有獨(dú)立的思考或創(chuàng)意。 As_a_consequence,_children_bee_so_reliant_on_their_parents_that_they_have_no_independent_thoughts_or_creative_ideas. 3．transform vt.& vi.使改變外觀或性質(zhì)(尤指向好的方向)；使改變形態(tài)；轉(zhuǎn)化；轉(zhuǎn)換；改造 [記牢] (1)transform (...) into ... 　　　　　　 (把……)變成……/轉(zhuǎn)化成…… be transformed from ... into/to ... 由……變成……；由……遷到…… (2)transformation n. (外觀或性質(zhì)的)改變，變革 [練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①She helps transform literature into braille (盲文) to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers. ②Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed (transform) from one form into another. ③He has made a plete transformation (transform) from a edian into a dramatic actor. [寫美] ④(2014湖南高考書面表達(dá))當(dāng)你走路時(shí)，一臺(tái)小型機(jī)器將行走所產(chǎn)生的能量轉(zhuǎn)換成電能并儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)。 When_you_walk,_a_small_machine_transforms_the_energy_produced_by_walking_into_electric_energy_and_stores_it. [聯(lián)想]　“把……變成……”的其他表達(dá)：turn ...into ...; change ...into ...等。 4．conduct vt.指揮樂(lè)隊(duì)；導(dǎo)電；實(shí)施，進(jìn)行；引導(dǎo)n.行為，舉止 [辨清]　寫出下列句中conduct的含義 ①From childhood, she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct. 行為，舉止 ②Knowledge is the candle to conduct you to the bright and true life. 引導(dǎo) ③In the new century we need to conduct new foreign trade policies to realize highspeed development of our economy. 實(shí)施，進(jìn)行 ④Most metals can conduct electricity. 導(dǎo)電 ⑤Who will conduct the orchestra tonight？指揮 [寫美] ⑥(2010湖南高考書面表達(dá))到目前為止，我們已經(jīng)開(kāi)展了各種英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)，例如觀看英語(yǔ)電影、舉辦圣誕派對(duì)、與外國(guó)學(xué)生聚會(huì)等。 So_far_we_have_conducted_a_variety_of_activities_on_English_learning,_such_as_watching_English_films,_holding_Christmas_parties_and_getting_together_with_foreign_students_etc. 5．majority n．多數(shù)，大多數(shù) [記牢] (1)a/the majority of ...　　　 大多數(shù)…… be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多數(shù) (2)minority n. 少數(shù) in the/a minority 占少數(shù) (3)major n．& v. 專業(yè)；主修 adj. 主要的 major in 主修……；以……為專業(yè) [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①A majority of Africans are (be) forced to work for the Europeans. ②Even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them are (be) really friendly and Ive made some good friends. ③For example, if you look at the audience at a classical concert, the majority are/is (be) over the age of fifty. 單句改錯(cuò) ④I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major the gardening after attending college.major后加in 完成句子 ⑤The white are in_the_majority in Australia while the native people in_the_minority. 在澳大利亞，白人占多數(shù)而土著人占少數(shù)。 [用準(zhǔn)]　(1)the majority單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。 (2)the majority of ＋ [寫美] ⑥(2015浙江高考書面表達(dá))當(dāng)我有不同的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，我可能會(huì)選擇放棄自己的看法，而去尊重大多數(shù)人的觀點(diǎn)。 When_I_have_a_different_opinion,_I_may_choose_to_give_it_up_and_respect_the_opinion_of_the_majority. 6．confirm vt.& vi.證實(shí)，證明；確認(rèn)；使確信 [記牢] confirm ones belief　　　　　　 堅(jiān)定某人的信念 be confirmed by sb. 被某人認(rèn)可 It has been confirmed that ... 已確定/證實(shí)…… [練通]　完成句子 ①They worked out an effective method, which was_confirmed_by_the_leadership (被領(lǐng)導(dǎo)認(rèn)可了)． ②It_has_not_been_confirmed (尚未得到證實(shí)) that the agreement is to be signed. ③The recent airplane crash confirms_my_belief (堅(jiān)定了我的信念) that stronger safety regulations are needed. [寫美] ④(2011江蘇高考書面表達(dá))這張照片使我確信，成為一個(gè)好女兒比“好”學(xué)生更重要。 The_picture_confirms_me_it_is_even_more_important_to_be_a_good_daughter_than_a_“good”_student. 7．favour n．贊同，支持；恩惠，幫助；喜愛(ài)；偏愛(ài)，偏袒vt.支持，偏袒 [辨清]　寫出下列句中favour的含義 ①We have to apply the same rules to everyone, showing no favour.偏愛(ài)，偏袒 ②Chinese export modities have enjoyed growing favour among buyers abroad.喜愛(ài) ③I want to ask a favour of you; will you lend me your car？幫助 ④I talked to Susie about travelling abroad, and she was all in favour of going abroad.贊同 [記牢] (1)in favour of　　　　　　　 支持，贊同；有利于 in sb.s favour 有利于某人 (2)do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb. 給某人以恩惠；幫助某人 ask sb. a favour＝ask a favour of sb.　 請(qǐng)某人幫忙 (3)favourable adj. 贊同的；有利的；良好的 favourite adj.& n. 特別喜愛(ài)(歡)的(東西) [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ⑤Everyone present at the meeting was in favour of what he put forward. ⑥It used to be my favourite (favour) restaurant but the standard of cooking has fallen off recently. ⑦He made a favourable (favour) impression on his future colleagues. 同義替換 Now I wonder whether you could do me a favour. ⑧Now I wonder whether_you_could_do_a_favour_for_me. ⑨Now I wonder whether_I_could_ask_you_a_favour. [寫美] ⑩(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))我寫信告訴你一些關(guān)于我即將到來(lái)的暑假的計(jì)劃，我也希望你幫我一個(gè)忙。 I_am_writing_to_tell_you_something_about_my_plan_for_the_ing_summer_vacation_and_I_also_want_you_to_do_me_a_favour. 8．frighten vt.使驚嚇，使驚恐 [記牢] (1)frighten sb. into/out of doing sth. 　　　　　　　　　 嚇得某人做/不敢做某事 frighten ... away/off 嚇走/跑 frighten sb. to death 把某人嚇得要死 (2)frightening adj. (事物)令人恐懼的，可怕的 frightened adj. (人)害怕的，受到驚嚇的 be frightened at/by 因……害怕，被……嚇壞了 be frightened of/that 擔(dān)心……，對(duì)……害怕 be frightened to do 害怕做…… (3)fright n. 恐懼，害怕 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①(2016浙江高考)A sudden stop can be a very frightening (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed. ②They frightened the small boy into telling (tell) them the secret. ③The mothers are frightened of the children going camping, for they may get lost in the mountain. 單句改錯(cuò) ④Seeing so many people injured during the conflict, the girl stood there shaking with a frightening look.frightening→frightened 完成句子 ⑤The bird came to the window, but I moved suddenly and frightened_it_away/off. 那只鳥兒飛到窗前，可我的身子突然一動(dòng)，把它嚇走了。 [用準(zhǔn)]　過(guò)去分詞形式的形容詞，如puzzled, confused, frightened, excited, surprised等，除了可以用來(lái)描述人的心理活動(dòng)以外，還可以用來(lái)修飾與人有關(guān)的一些名詞，如look, voice, smile, expression, face等。 [寫美] ⑥(2017浙江高考書面表達(dá))Paul迅速打開(kāi)門，這個(gè)被嚇壞了的人迅速?zèng)_進(jìn)車?yán)铮榈仃P(guān)上(slam)了他身后的門。 Paul_quickly_unlocked_the_door,_and_the_frightened_man_dived_in,_slamming_the_door_behind_him. 9．profit n．利潤(rùn)，收益；好處，益處 vi.獲益 vt.對(duì)……有用/好處 [辨清]　寫出下列句中profit的詞性和含義 ①I think it will profit you nothing to follow his example.vt.對(duì)……有用/好處 ②On the basis of our sales forecasts, we may begin to make a profit next year.n.利潤(rùn)，收益 ③I like reading each day for profit and pleasure. n．好處，益處 ④Im sure that all of you will profit from this special experience.vi.獲益 [寫美] ⑤(2017江蘇高考書面表達(dá))中國(guó)電影票房收入在2015年持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，為電影制片商帶來(lái)了巨大的利潤(rùn)。 The_boxoffice_ine_of_Chinese_movies_witnessed_a_constant_increase_in_2015,_which_brought_great_profit_for_film_makers. [詞匯過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．I heard you suffered from anxiety (焦慮) when you took an exam recently. 2．Dr Yuan also helps many less developed countries to increase their rice harvests (收成)． 3．It is a surprise that the faraway village has been transformed (改造) into a famous tourist city in only ten years. 4．I respect his judgement (判斷力) and Ill follow any advice he gives me. 5．Scientists have made a breakthrough (突破) in their treatment of the disease. 6．For children with hearing loss, they cannot pick up language as easily as ordinary (普通的) people. 7．As far as he is concerned, to increase the farmers ine (收入) is of greater importance than anything else. 8．For a hit show, profits (利潤(rùn)) can add up to millions of dollars. Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．I think he did it by accident, not by intention (intend)． 2．His success was a long history; but briefly (brief) speaking, he succeeded after many failures. 3．Most of them were in favour of my opinion while David was against it. 4．He was a wonderful father to both his natural and adopted (adopt) children. 5．The majority who attended the meeting yesterday were (be) students. 6．She worked hard at her lessons and as a consequence got high marks. 7．I have been told the Learning Center provides help for students and Im anxious to_get (get) help from you. Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．Electric heaters have their electric energy transformed to heat.to→into 2．The same cognitive (認(rèn)知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have adopted by adult scientists.have后加been 3．Hearing a strange noise, the poor man, trembling and frightening, ran out of the dark cave.frightening→frightened 4．Strictly speaking, you shouldnt enter the lab without the permission.去掉第二個(gè)the 5．Onethird of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens is black people.第二個(gè)is→are Ⅳ.翻譯句子 1．所有出席會(huì)議的人都贊成該計(jì)劃。(in favour of) All_the_people_present_at_the_meeting_are_in_favour_of_the_plan. 2．他恃強(qiáng)凌弱，總是嚇得人們按他的意愿做事。(frighten sb.into) He_was_a_bully.He_tried_to_frighten_people_into_doing_what_he_wanted. 3．我遺憾地告訴你，由于你的工作很糟，我不得不解雇你。(in consequence of, dismiss) I_regret_to_tell_you_in_consequence_of_your_bad_work,_I_am_forced_to_dismiss_you. 4．我們每個(gè)人都要有夢(mèng)想，并且要對(duì)夢(mèng)想采取積極樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。(adopt a positive attitude) Every_one_of_us_should_have_a_dream_and_adopt_a_positive_attitude_to_our_dreams. 5．能量可以從一種形式轉(zhuǎn)變成另一種形式。(transform) Energy_can_be_transformed_from_one_form_into_another. (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) 1．on_the_one_hand_..._on_the_other_hand_... 　　　　　　　　　　　　 一方面……另一方面…… 2．toy_with 戲弄，擺弄；把……當(dāng)作兒戲 3．push_ahead_with 義無(wú)反顧地進(jìn)行，努力推進(jìn) 4．for_sale 供出售，待銷售 5．be/get_burnt_out[串記1] 耗盡體力，累垮 6．follow_in_ones_footsteps 效仿某人 7．take_..._into_consideration[串記2]　認(rèn)真考慮 8．in_favour_of[串記3] 贊同，支持 9．point_of_view 觀點(diǎn) 10．make_sense 有意義，有道理，講得通 11．put_..._in_place 準(zhǔn)備就緒，布置妥當(dāng) 12．rather_than 而不是 13．deal_with 處理，對(duì)付 14．pared_with 與……相比較 15．point_out 指出 16．in_summary[串記4] 概括地說(shuō) 17．in_agreement_with 同意；與……一致 18．turn_out 結(jié)果是，證明是；生產(chǎn) [同根短語(yǔ)串記](méi) 串記1.“累垮”表達(dá)種種 ①be/get burnt out ②be/get worn out ③be/get tired out ④be/get exhausted 串記2.“考慮”短語(yǔ)知多少 ①take ... into consideration 認(rèn)真考慮 ②take ... into account 考慮 ③take account of 考慮 ④think over 仔細(xì)考慮 串記3.“in＋n.＋of”短語(yǔ)薈萃 ①in favour of 支持，贊同 ②in memory of 為了紀(jì)念 ③in honour of 為了紀(jì)念 ④in view of 鑒于；由于 ⑤in terms of 就……而言 ⑥in case of 以防；萬(wàn)一 ⑦in need of 需要 ⑧in place of 代替；取代 ⑨in search of 尋找，尋求 串記4.學(xué)會(huì)“總結(jié)”好處多 ①in summary ②in short ③in brief ④in conclusion ⑤in a/one word ⑥to sum up 1．medical treatment 醫(yī)療 2．moral ideas 道德觀念 3．die of heart failure 死于心臟衰竭 4．one of the more forwardlooking technologies 較有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的技術(shù)之一 5．the scientific advances 科學(xué)進(jìn)步 6．in the field of science 在科學(xué)界 7．e back from work 下班回來(lái) 8．further information 進(jìn)一步的信息 1．The_first_mammal_to_be_cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. 第一只成功地用成年動(dòng)物細(xì)胞克隆出的哺乳動(dòng)物是多利羊。 2．The boy was more frightened than hurt. 這個(gè)男孩與其說(shuō)受傷不如說(shuō)是害怕。 3．Nowhere is this truer_than with genetically modified (GM) food. 轉(zhuǎn)基因食品就是最好的例子。 [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞塊和句式 1．(2018浙江高考閱讀B)Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit __?__ (講得通) when you consider? that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag. ①根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思填入本單元短語(yǔ)：makes_sense ②可用本單元短語(yǔ)take_...into_consideration升級(jí)加黑詞匯，意為“考慮……；把……考慮在內(nèi)”，其同義短語(yǔ)為take_...into_account。 2．(2018江蘇高考閱讀B)When a darkcolored cake was served on a black plate rather_than_a_white_one (而不是白色的), customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.(完成句子) 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的短語(yǔ)和句式 (根據(jù)提示翻譯句子) 1．(2013湖南高考書面表達(dá))一方面，我們認(rèn)為友誼第一，比賽第二；另一方面，既然我們都盡力了，我們就沒(méi)有遺憾。(on the one hand ...on the other hand) On_the_one_hand,_we_think_that_friendship_es_first,_and_a_match_es_second.On_the_other_hand,_since_we_all_tried_our_best,_we_had_no_regret. 2．(2018浙江高考書面表達(dá))這是我第一次嘗試騎馬。(動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)) This_is_my_first_attempt_to_ride_a_horse. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 [短語(yǔ)集釋] 1．on the one hand ... on the other hand ... 一方面……另一方面…… [辨清] on (the) one hand ... on the other (hand) ... 意為“一方面……另一方面……”，常用來(lái)表述一個(gè)事物的兩個(gè)方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤指對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)、思想等 for one thing ... for another (thing)．.. 意為“首先……，再者……”，陳述的兩個(gè)方面的情況常常一致 [練通]　完成句子 ①On_the_one_hand,_we should develop our economy; on_the_other_hand,_we should protect the environment. 一方面我們應(yīng)該發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)；另一方面我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境。 ②Im not going to buy it; for_one_thing I dont like the color, and for_another its far too expensive. 我不會(huì)買它，首先我不喜歡這顏色，再者也太貴了。 [用準(zhǔn)]　on the one hand中的the可以省略，而on the other hand中的the不能省略。另外，on the other hand可以單獨(dú)使用。 [寫美] ③(2013山東高考書面表達(dá))一方面，我可以掙錢來(lái)減輕家庭的負(fù)擔(dān)。另一方面，我可以積累社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這對(duì)我將來(lái)的生活也有好處。 On_the_one_hand,_I_can_earn_some_money_to_reduce_the_burden_of_my_family.On_the_other_hand,_I_can_accumulate_some_social_experience,_which_does_good_to_my_future_life. 2．follow in ones footsteps 效仿某人 [記牢] (1)follow in the footsteps of ... 效仿…… follow ones example 以某人為榜樣 follow ones advice/directions 聽(tīng)從/遵循某人的建議/指示 (2)as follows 如下，如下所述 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①You cant follow in another persons (person) footsteps, and no one else will be able to follow in yours. ②The settings of each activity are as follows in this table. 完成句子 ③We mustnt blindly follow_in_the_footsteps_of foreign practice. 我們不能亦步亦趨盲目地照外國(guó)辦法行事。 ④We must all follow_his_example and serve the people with all our hearts. 我們都應(yīng)以他為榜樣，全心全意為人民服務(wù)。 ⑤The good points of the novel may be summarized as_follows. 這部小說(shuō)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)概括起來(lái)有以下幾個(gè)方面。 [寫美] ⑥(2016四川高考書面表達(dá))夏天是一年中我最喜歡的季節(jié)。 原因如下。 Summer_is_my_favorite_season_of_the_year.The_reasons_are_as_follows. 3．take ... into consideration認(rèn)真考慮 [記牢] (1)show consideration for　　 對(duì)……表示關(guān)心 under consideration 在討論/考慮中 out of consideration for 出于對(duì)……的考慮/體諒 (2)consider vt. 考慮；認(rèn)為 considerate adj. 考慮周到的，體貼的 considerable adj. 大量的 considering prep. 考慮到；就……而言；鑒于 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①Everything taken (take) into consideration, his work is well done. ②Its said that the plan is under consideration by the Ministry of Education. ③If you can help other people with pleasure and show your consideration for them, everybody will like to be with you. 完成句子 ④Your teacher will take_your_recent_illness_into_consideration (考慮你最近生病的情況) when judging your examination results. ⑤You should turn your music down out_of_consideration_for_your_neighbours (出于對(duì)你的鄰居們的體諒)． [寫美] ⑥(2012安徽高考書面表達(dá))考慮了所有因素之后，我決定將理科作為我的主要學(xué)科。 After_taking_everything_into_consideration,_I_decided_on_science_as_my_main_subject_of_study. [句式集釋] 1．動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ) [教材原句]　The_first_mammal_to_be_cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. [悟拓展例句] (1)He is always the first to_bear hardships and the last to_enjoy forts. 他是一個(gè)總是吃苦在前、享樂(lè)在后的人。 (2)Its said that she has the ability to_do the challenging work well. 據(jù)說(shuō)她有能力做好這一項(xiàng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作。 (3)He had no money and no place to_live_in. 他沒(méi)有錢也沒(méi)有地方住。 [析用法規(guī)則] 用法歸納 (1)當(dāng)中心詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)等修飾時(shí)或前有the only, the last, the right時(shí)，常用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。 (2)動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾的詞是抽象名詞，常見(jiàn)的有：ability, chance, opportunity, ambition, attempt, offer, way以及time, place等。 [背寫作佳句] (1)(2015北京高考寫作佳句)It offers teenagers, like you and me, a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.(要點(diǎn)句) (2)(2014福建高考寫作佳句)In this way, I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overe problems all by myself.(要點(diǎn)句) 2．more ...t