2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 5 First Aid（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 5　First aid 【短文語法填空】 A game of “catch” is just two people 1.　　　　　　(throw) a ball back and forth.They might have baseball 2.(glove),or they might use their hands.In fact,playing catch is part of baseball practice 3.(make) you get used to using a ball and a pair of gloves.But any American kid will tell you it’s much more than that.Playing catch is a time for kids to be 4. their fathers.It’s a time when there’s nothing to worry about besides catching a ball.It’s a time when words move as 5.　　　　　　　　(smooth) as the ball itself,back and forth,easy and relaxing.It’s 6. excuse to spend time together.When you ask some adults to talk about the 7.(wonder) memories of their dads,they nearly always say something about playing catch.Why?8.(probable) because dads are usually very busy with their work.A catch game is a time 9.　　　　　　　　 is only for one thing.This is a time when a kid has his or her dad’s attention.There 10.(be) no work,no phone and no other people around to take your dad away from you.Your dad is all yours when you play the game with him. 答案 1.throwing　2.gloves　3.to make　4.with　5.smoothly　 6.an　7.wonderful　8.Probably　9.which/that　10.is (對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P128) 一．高考單詞→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．核心詞匯 ①poison n．毒藥；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒 __poisonous__ adj.有毒的 ②swell vi.& vt.(使)膨脹；隆起 __swollen__ adj.腫脹的 ③__squeeze__ vt.& vi.榨；擠；壓榨 ④__pour__ vt.&.vi.倒；灌；注；涌 ⑤treat vt.&.vi.治療；對(duì)待；款待 __treatment__ n．對(duì)待；款待 ⑥apply vt.& vi.涂；應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng)；使用 __applicant__ n．申請(qǐng)人__application__ n．申請(qǐng) ⑦brave adj.勇敢的 __bravery__ n．勇敢 ⑧bear vt.& vi.忍受 __unbearable__ adj.難以忍受的；難以容忍的 2．?？荚~匯 ①plex adj.__復(fù)雜的__ ②barrier n．__屏障，障礙(物) __ ③throat n．__咽喉，喉嚨__ ④injury n．__損傷；傷害__ injure v．__受傷__ ⑤bleed vi.& vt.__流血__ blood n．__血液__ ⑥variety n．__變化；多樣(化)；多變(性)__ various adj.__各種各樣的__ vary v．__變化__ ⑦firm adj.__(動(dòng)作)穩(wěn)定有力的；堅(jiān)定的__ firmly adv.__堅(jiān)固地；穩(wěn)定地__ ⑧symptom n．__癥狀；征兆__ ⑨vital adj.__至關(guān)重要的；生死攸關(guān)的__ 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Make sure that as you go from interview to interview, you are getting a __variety__ (various) of answers.(2017浙江卷) 2．Trying to help __injured__ (injure)，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is never certain.(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 3．Mac came out of the car and hugged Paul __firmly__ (firm)．(2017浙江卷) 4．I know I can act under __pressure__ (press) in a scary situation.(2017北京卷) 5．Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.By the time the group got up to leave，it __was pouring__ (pour) outside.(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅲ) 6．A year ago，when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college __applications__ (apply)，I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like.(2016浙江卷) 7．Now，electric shock training and medical __treatment__ (treat) are helping to rescue these big birds.(2016北京卷) 8．Electronic wastes also contain many __poisonous__ (poison)metals.(2015江蘇卷) ?“忍受”家族速記 ①bear vt.忍受，容忍；bearable adj.可忍受的，可容忍的；unbearable adj.難以忍受的 ②tolerate vt.忍受，容忍；tolerance n．寬容，容忍；tolerant adj.容忍的，忍受的 ③stand vt.忍耐，忍受，經(jīng)得起 ④put up with 忍受，容忍 ⑤suffer from 遭受，忍受 ⑥hold with 容忍 ?后綴ure構(gòu)成的抽象名詞集錦 ①adventure 冒險(xiǎn)(經(jīng)歷) ②architecture 建筑學(xué) ③failure 失敗 ④mixture 混合物 ⑤pressure 壓力；壓迫(感) ⑥pleasure 快樂，高興 ?“al”為后綴的形容詞速記 ①historical adj.歷史的 ②digital adj.數(shù)碼的 ③electrical adj.用電的；與電有關(guān)的 ④equal adj.相等的；平等的 ⑤physical adj.身體的 ⑥mental adj.精神的 ?與“急救”有關(guān)的高頻詞匯集錦 ①injury n．　　　 損傷；傷害 ②bleed vi.& vt. 流血 ③poison n．& vt. 毒藥；使中毒 ④apply vt. 涂；敷 ⑤treat vt.& vi. 治療 ?“幫助”家族 ①aid n．& vt.　　　 幫助；援助 ②favour n. 幫助；好意 ③assist vt. 幫助；協(xié)助 ④assistance n. 幫助；協(xié)助 ⑤support n．& vt. 支持；幫助 ⑥sponsor vt. 贊助 【完形填空】 When you give thanks for help，everyone benefits.And the __1__ will last longer than youd expect：researchers have found that writing thankyou notes raises peoples __2__ levels for up to six months. “If you express gratitude in a diary，it makes you happier，but if you __3__ it with the person who helped you，it has the __4__ to bring you two closer together，”says researcher Jeff Tsang. Lawyer John Kralik experienced this personally.Hed been feeling depressed and __5__ about his life：Hed been divorced and wasnt __6__ with his children.He felt tired from the __7__ hours he devoted to work.At a/an __8__ low point，he remembered his grandfather telling him about the importance of __9__.He decided to write 365 thankyou notes over 365 days，hoping for a/an __10__ change. Immediately，he noticed his __11__ begin to improve.“The first effects are that you realise that your life is much better than you thought and you bee more positive，”Kralik says of his __12__ acts of expressing thanks. __13__ by Kraliks experience，I decided to try the __14__ myself.I chose someone from my past whom Id __15__ thanked before：my wonderful highschool English teacher.I wasnt sure if Id be able to __16__ him，but eventually I found where he lived. In my letter，I thanked him for the __17__ and support that hed given me years earlier.I may never hear from him __18__，but that isnt the __19__.The letter helped me __20__ my life，and Ive been happy now for months. 1．A.time　　　　　　B．thoughts C．effects D．relationship 2．A.education B．happiness C．ine D．health 3．A.share B．plete C．pare D．leave 4．A.method B．desire C．energy D．potential 5．A.discouraged B．dishonest C．impatient D．surprised 6．A.bored B．strict C．close D．honest 7．A.limited B．valuable C．delightful D．long 8．A.importantly B．particularly C．physically D．exactly 9．A.forgiveness B．a(chǎn)chievement C．gratefulness D．patience 10．A.positive B．unexpected C．possible D．instant 11．A.wealth B．a(chǎn)ttitude C．position D．petence 12．A.generous B．strange C．brave D．simple 13．A.Struck B．Inspired C．Shocked D．Invited 14．A.idea B．belief C．letter D．test 15．A.nearly B．frequently C．a(chǎn)lready D．never 16．A.remember B．recognise C．locate D．reward 17．A.degree B．money C．gift D．guidance 18．A.in advance B．in public C．in return D．in person 19．A.case B．point C．fact D．solution 20．A.appreciate B．understand C．face D．review 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過親身經(jīng)歷告訴我們這樣一個(gè)道理：當(dāng)你對(duì)別人表達(dá)出感謝之情時(shí)，你會(huì)變得更快樂。 1．C　考查名詞辨折。根據(jù)“benefits”并結(jié)合第一段可知，此處指感謝別人對(duì)自己的影響要比你預(yù)想的長(zhǎng)久。C項(xiàng)意為“效果，影響”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“時(shí)間”；B項(xiàng)意為“想法”；D項(xiàng)意為“關(guān)系”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。 2．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指寫感謝信可以提高人們的幸福水平。B項(xiàng)意為“幸?！?，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“教育”；C項(xiàng)意為“收入”；D項(xiàng)意為“健康”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。 3．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)此句中的“bring you two closer together”可知，此處指與幫助你的人分享這件事。share sth.with sb.意為“與某人分享某物”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；C項(xiàng)意為“比較”；D項(xiàng)意為“離開”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。 4．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指如果你與幫助你的人一起分享感激之情，這就有可能將你們兩人之間的距離拉近。D項(xiàng)意為“可能性，潛能”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“方法”；B項(xiàng)意為“欲望”；C項(xiàng)意為“精力”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。 5．A　考查形容詞辨折。根據(jù)該句中的“feeling depressed”可知，此處應(yīng)用“discouraged”與“depressed”并列，指他對(duì)生活感到沮喪。 A項(xiàng)意為“泄氣的”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“不誠(chéng)實(shí)的”；C項(xiàng)意為“沒有耐心的”；D項(xiàng)意為“感到驚訝的”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。 6．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“Hed been divorced”可知，他已經(jīng)離婚了，并且與孩子也不親近。C項(xiàng)意為“親近的，親密的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“無聊的”；B項(xiàng)意為“嚴(yán)格的”；D項(xiàng)意為“誠(chéng)實(shí)的”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。 7．D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“felt tired from”可推知，此處指因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作，所以他感到疲勞。D項(xiàng)意為“長(zhǎng)的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“有限的”；B項(xiàng)意為“有價(jià)值的”；C項(xiàng)意為“高興的”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。 8．B　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，他離婚了，和孩子也不親近，而且工作辛苦，所以這是他人生的低谷。B項(xiàng)意為“尤其，特別”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“重要地”；C項(xiàng)意為“身體上”；D項(xiàng)意為“恰恰，正好”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。 9．C　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“He decided to write 365 thankyou notes”可知，此處指他記起祖父告訴過他感激的重要性。C項(xiàng)意為“感激”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“原諒”；B項(xiàng)意為“成就”；D項(xiàng)意為“耐心”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。 10．A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下一段第二句中的“you bee more positive”可知，此處指他希望通過這種方式獲得一個(gè)積極的改變。A項(xiàng)意為“積極的”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“出人意料的”；C項(xiàng)意為“可能的”；D項(xiàng)意為“立即的”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。 11．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，這位律師正處于人生的低谷時(shí)期，然后通過寫感謝信使得他的態(tài)度開始改善。B項(xiàng)意為“態(tài)度”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“財(cái)富”；C項(xiàng)意為“位置”；D項(xiàng)意為“能力”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。 12．D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“expressing thanks”可知，寫感謝信只是表達(dá)感謝的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的行為。D項(xiàng)意為“簡(jiǎn)單的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“慷慨的”；B項(xiàng)意為“奇怪的”；C項(xiàng)意為“勇敢的”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。 13．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，“我”也決定寫感謝信了。由此推斷出，“我”是受了Kralik的經(jīng)歷的鼓舞。B項(xiàng)意為“鼓舞，激勵(lì)”，符合語境。故答案選B。 14．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，“我”決定親自試試這個(gè)想法。A項(xiàng)意為“想法，主意”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“信念”；C項(xiàng)意為“信”；D項(xiàng)意為“測(cè)試”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。 15．D　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，“我”不知道這位高中英語老師的地址，所以他是“我”以前從未感謝過的人。D項(xiàng)意為“從未”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“幾乎”；B項(xiàng)意為“經(jīng)?！保籆項(xiàng)意為“已經(jīng)”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。 16．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)“but eventually I found where he lived”可知，此處指“我”不知道是否能夠找到他。C項(xiàng)意為“找出……的準(zhǔn)確位置”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“記得”；B項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)出”；D項(xiàng)意為“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，獎(jiǎng)賞”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。 17．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，“我”感謝的對(duì)象是“我”的一位高中英語老師，所以“我”應(yīng)是感謝他給予“我”的指導(dǎo)和幫助。D項(xiàng)意為“指導(dǎo)”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“程度，等級(jí)”；B項(xiàng)意為“金錢”；C項(xiàng)意為“禮物”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。 18．C　考查介詞短語辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，“我”寫感謝信給多年前的老師，而老師不一定會(huì)回信給“我”。C項(xiàng)意為“作出回應(yīng)”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“提前”；B項(xiàng)意為“公開地”；D項(xiàng)意為“親自”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。 19．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“Ive been happy now for months”可知，“我”快樂了幾個(gè)月，所以此處指老師是否回信不是重點(diǎn)。B項(xiàng)意為“重點(diǎn)，要點(diǎn)”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“事例”；C項(xiàng)意為“事實(shí)”；D項(xiàng)意為“解決方法”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。 20．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。聯(lián)系全文的內(nèi)容可知，文章主要是關(guān)于表達(dá)出感謝可以給自己帶來快樂，所以此處指這封感謝信幫助“我”感激“我”的生活，“我”為此快樂了幾個(gè)月。A項(xiàng)意為“感激”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“理解”；C項(xiàng)意為“面對(duì)”；D項(xiàng)意為“回顧”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。 二．重點(diǎn)短語→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．動(dòng)詞＋副詞/介詞 ①squeeze __out__ 榨出；擠出 ②apply __to__ 應(yīng)用到……；apply __for__ 申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)求 2．動(dòng)詞＋形容詞 ①fall __ill__ 生病 ②__get__ burned 燒傷 3．介詞＋名詞 __in__ place 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?；適當(dāng) 4．其他形式 ①make __a__ difference 區(qū)別對(duì)待；有影響；起(重要)作用 ②put one’s hands __on__ 找到 ③__over__ and over again 反復(fù)；多次 ④a number __of__ 許多；若干 用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are __making a difference__ in the world.You can，too！(2017北京卷) 2．Then lay the tube __ in place__ so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of the hole.(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 3．When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to __apply for__ the one that reflected my interest.(2016浙江卷) 4．The story came to its turning point when Joe __fell ill__ in 2007.(2015浙江卷) 5．For __a number of__ years，Low also worked in the CNIB sound studio reading books onto tape.(2014天津卷) 6．Where could the farmers __put their hands on__ so many ships in such a short time? 7．He __was squeezed out__ of the job market by young people. 8．After the doctor rubbed his leg __over and over again__，he felt it less painful. ?fall構(gòu)成的短語再記 ①fall ill/asleep/silent 生病/睡著/沉默 ②fall back 撤退，后退 ③fall behind 落后，落伍 ④fall down 倒下，落下，掉下，病倒，失敗 ⑤fall into 陷入，養(yǎng)成 ⑥fall off 掉下，衰退 ⑦fall over 摔倒，落在……上，(頭發(fā))披在肩上 ⑧fall into a habit of 養(yǎng)成……習(xí)慣 ⑨fall in love with 愛上(某人) ⑩fall into ruins 成為廢墟 ?make a＋n.短語薈萃 ①make a difference 有差別，有關(guān)系，很重要 ②make a mistake 弄錯(cuò) ③make a point 闡述觀點(diǎn) ④make a promise 許諾 ⑤make a will 立下遺囑 ⑥make a note of 記下 ⑦make a fool of 愚弄，欺騙 ⑧make a point of doing 強(qiáng)調(diào)；決心，堅(jiān)持 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. 除非衣服粘貼在燒傷面上，否則都要把衣服脫掉。如果需要的話，可以使用剪刀。 狀語從句的省略。 在課堂上記筆記時(shí)，你最好盡可能多地理解。 In class，you’d better understand as much as possible __while (you’re) taking notes__. 2.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 約翰正在房間里學(xué)習(xí)，這時(shí)他聽到了一聲尖叫。 be doing..when...“正在做……這時(shí)……”。 我們正在討論問題，這時(shí)有人敲門。 We __were discussing the problem when__ someone knocked at the door. 3.There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. 毫無疑問，是約翰敏捷的思維和在學(xué)校學(xué)到的急救技巧，挽救了斯萊德女士的生命。 There’s no doubt that...“毫無疑問……”。 毫無疑問，掌握這項(xiàng)技能非常重要。 __There is no doubt that__ it is very important to master the skill. 【短文改錯(cuò)】 I like travelling and my dream of visit Beijing，the capital city of our country，e true during the National Day holidays this year.In October 1st，I went to Tiananmen Square with my parents，there we watched the flagraising ceremony. As I watched flag rising slowly，I sang the national anthem，feeling extremely exciting.Then we went to some other famous tourist attraction，like the Great Wall.Standing on the Great Wall，I felt very proudly.I thought of the old saying that“One who fail to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.”Although I was tired，but I really had a good time. 【答案】　 I like travelling and my dream of Beijing，the capital city of our country， true during the National Day holidays this year. October 1st，I went to Tiananmen Square with my parents， we watched the flagraising ceremony. As I watched flag rising slowly，I sang the national anthem，feeling extremely .Then we went to some other famous tourist ，like the Great Wall.Standing on the Great Wall，I felt very .I thought of the old saying that“One who to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.”Although I was tired，/ I really had a good time. 第一處：visit→visiting?？疾閯?dòng)名詞。of為介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。 第二處：e改為came?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“this year”可知，該處講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)。 第三處：In→On?？疾榻樵~。介詞on表示在具體的某一天。 第四處：there→where?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Tiananmen Square。 第五處：flag前面加上the。考查定冠詞。根據(jù)語境可知，這里的flag表特指，故用定冠詞。 第六處：exciting→excited?？疾樾稳菰~。該句主語為I，修飾人，應(yīng)用形容詞excited，表示“激動(dòng)的，興奮的”。 第七處：attraction→attractions?？疾槊~的數(shù)。attraction作“吸引人的事物”講時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)該句中的some可知，此處指多個(gè)旅游景點(diǎn)，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第八處：proudly→proud?？疾樾稳菰~。該句中的感官動(dòng)詞felt用作系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞。 第九處：fail→fails?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。該句陳述的是一般情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；該句主語為One，為第三人稱單數(shù)，故用fails。 第十處：刪除but或but改為yet。although不能和but連用，能和yet連用。補(bǔ)充：此處也可刪除Although，但是語意上沒有修改but好。