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1、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的主要考點(diǎn)1、考查在語境中判斷動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用能力。常考的時(shí) 態(tài)為：一般現(xiàn)在、一般過去、一般將來、現(xiàn)在進(jìn) 行、過去進(jìn)行、現(xiàn)在完成、過去完成、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn) 行、過去將來等。2、時(shí)間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；主從 句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)問題。3、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。4、及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。5、系動(dòng)詞的用法特點(diǎn)。6、某些以主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的動(dòng)詞的用法。最常用的幾種時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語的搭配最常用的幾種時(shí)態(tài)與時(shí)間狀語的搭配一般現(xiàn)在every , sometimes,at , on Sunday 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行now, 現(xiàn)在完成for, since, so far, ever
2、, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般過去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 過去進(jìn)行this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 過去完成before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon
3、as 一般將來next, tomorrow, in 過去將來多用在間接引語中表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作以后的動(dòng)作1、現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)、現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)高考題點(diǎn)擊：高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. （05遼寧卷）Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called2. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to
4、play since the new year. (2001 N) A. will play B. have playedC. playedD. playBD說明說明：本題的干擾源為上下文的過去時(shí)，但本題的干擾源為上下文的過去時(shí)，但“被稱為太平被稱為太平洋洋”是客觀現(xiàn)狀，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。是客觀現(xiàn)狀，只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。說明說明：常識(shí)告訴我們，一個(gè)人一旦獲得某種技能，一般是常識(shí)告訴我們，一個(gè)人一旦獲得某種技能，一般是不會(huì)在短期內(nèi)失去的，所以需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。不會(huì)在短期內(nèi)失去的，所以需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt st
5、opped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. （05湖南卷） A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. (2001 N) A. is changingB. has changed C. will have changedD. will change說明說明：自
6、從我贏了大獎(jiǎng)，人們不停地打電話來問我將怎樣自從我贏了大獎(jiǎng)，人們不停地打電話來問我將怎樣使用這筆錢。此處的使用這筆錢。此處的 are phoning 表示表示“不停的打電話不停的打電話”。說明說明：選擇移動(dòng)電話難的原因是由于科技選擇移動(dòng)電話難的原因是由于科技正在正在飛速發(fā)展，飛速發(fā)展，所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；況且進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)常給人一種情感上的所以要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；況且進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)常給人一種情感上的描述，表示說話者的一種描述，表示說話者的一種“感慨、贊賞、憤怒、斥責(zé)感慨、贊賞、憤怒、斥責(zé)”等。等。DA5. _ my sister three times today but her line was always
7、 busy. （05北京春季）A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning 6. - You havent been to Beijing, have you? - _. How I wish to go there! (98 N) A. Yes, I haveB. Yes, I havent C. No, I haveD. No, I havent說明說明：此題的干擾源是后面的此題的干擾源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次電。今天打了三次電話是用來表示結(jié)果的，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；而每次她都占話是用來表示結(jié)果
8、的，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；而每次她都占線是表示過去的動(dòng)作，所以用一般過去時(shí)。線是表示過去的動(dòng)作，所以用一般過去時(shí)。說明說明：從補(bǔ)充的句子從補(bǔ)充的句子 “How I wish to go there!”可知可知“我我”沒到過北京。沒到過北京。CD7. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. (98 N) A. paintedB. had painted C. have been paintingD. have painted8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy
9、_ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. （04北京） A had consideredB has been considering C consideredD is going to consider說明說明：這句話的意思是這句話的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室我一整天都在刷起居室”，現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去開始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，從過去開始的一個(gè)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中而且還在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“一直在做一直在做”。CB說明：說明：她她“一直在考慮返校一直在考慮返?！笔乾F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，是
10、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，“還還沒作決定沒作決定”是現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果。是現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果。用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比較注意比較 Its time that 結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： It is high time that we went to school.2）This is the that結(jié)構(gòu)，
11、that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí). This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。 典型例題典型例題(1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before?
12、- No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯(cuò)）I have received his letter for a month.（對(duì)）I havent received his letter for almost a month. BD2、過去時(shí)、過去時(shí)高考題點(diǎn)擊：高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. - Nancy is not coming tonight. -
13、 But she _! (98 N) A. promises B. promisedC. will promise D. had promised2. My uncle _ until he was forty-five. (2000 上海) A. marriedB. didnt marry C. was not marryingD. would marry說明說明：Nancy 答應(yīng)要來這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在過去，是過去作出的承諾。說明說明：until 用在肯定句中時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示該動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到 until 后的時(shí)間為止；短暫性動(dòng)詞只能用在否定句中，表示直到此時(shí)該動(dòng)作才開始。
14、本題中 marry 是短暫性動(dòng)詞，所以只能用在否定句中。BB3. - You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? (N2002) - Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt sayingB. dont sayC. wont sayD. didnt say說明說明：本題的干擾源來自上下文中的時(shí)態(tài)，上文用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，下文用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以有些人就誤以為此處該用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)了。但根
15、據(jù)說話人的意思不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒有說出自己的評(píng)價(jià)是在這段對(duì)話以前的事了，所以要用一般過去時(shí)。D4. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. (95 N) A. read was fallingB. was reading fell C. was reading was fallingD. read fell5. The manager had fallen asleep where he _, without undressing. （05安徽卷） A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied 說明說明
16、：一般來說在復(fù)合句中的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作大都用進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性的動(dòng)詞用一般時(shí)，表示在某個(gè)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的過程當(dāng)中另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生了。說明說明：該題的意思為“經(jīng)理躺在那兒睡著了，衣服也沒脫”?！疤伞笔且粋€(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，其過去式和過去分詞為“l(fā)ay; lain”。lay 是及物動(dòng)詞，過去式和過去分詞為 laid；lied 是“說謊”的過去式和過去分詞。BB6. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. (02 北京) A. had crie
17、d, lostB. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lostD. cries, has lost 7. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. (05江西卷) Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone 說明說明：哭得傷心發(fā)生在過去，而丟玩具熊發(fā)生在哭之前。兩個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，之前發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，之后發(fā)生的用一般過去時(shí)。說明說明：“他沒叫我就走了”這個(gè)動(dòng)作明顯發(fā)生在“我
18、認(rèn)為”之前。所以必須用過去完成時(shí)。BD3、將來時(shí)、將來時(shí)高考題點(diǎn)擊：高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. If a man _ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. (95 上海) A. willB. is toC. is going toD. should2. - Youve left the light on. - Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. (2000 N) A. Ill goB. Ive goneC. I goD. Im going說明說明：此句的意思為“如果一個(gè)人想要成功，就必須盡力而為”。If 引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句，不
19、能用將來時(shí)。而 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)雖然表示將來的動(dòng)作，但它不屬于將來時(shí)。說明說明：本句的重點(diǎn)是“并行結(jié)構(gòu)”，關(guān)鍵是看后面的 turn，所以B、C、D、都不符合。BA3. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. (05天津卷) A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. (93 N) A. leavesB.
20、 would leaveC. leftD. had left說明說明：that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的動(dòng)作“離職”應(yīng)該發(fā)生在“were surprised” 之后，故需用過去將來時(shí)。CB說明說明：by the time 表示“到為止”“在之前”，如果主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，一般需要用過去完成時(shí)；如果是將來，就需用將來完成時(shí)。4、狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問題、狀語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)問題高考題點(diǎn)擊：高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. - Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. (94 N) A. getB. will getC. are getting D
21、. will have got2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. (2001上海) A. have survivedB. are to survive C. would surviveD. will survive說明說明：時(shí)間狀語從句中沒有將來時(shí)，需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來時(shí)。說明說明：條件狀語從句中不用將來時(shí)，但 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)不屬于將來時(shí)態(tài)形式。AB3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ fr
22、om the university next year. (2002上海) A. will graduateB. will have graduated C. graduatesD. is to graduate4. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. (2002上海春季) A. will not be, will knowB. is, will know C. will not be, knowD. is, know說明說明：by the time 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，故不能使用將來時(shí)。D選項(xiàng)雖可考慮，但 be to 結(jié)構(gòu)
23、大多用來表示“義務(wù)、決定、職責(zé)、約定”等，與句意不合。說明說明：before 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，無將來時(shí)，而主句應(yīng)該用將來時(shí)。CC5、祈使句中的動(dòng)詞問題、祈使句中的動(dòng)詞問題高考題點(diǎn)擊：高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do. (98 N) A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave2. _ some of this juice - perhaps youll like it. (2000 北京春季) A. TryingB. TryC. To tryD. Have tried3. _ at
24、 the door before entering, please. (01 北京春季) A. knocked B. To knockC. KnockingD. Knock4. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (2001上海) A. GivingB. GiveC. GivenD. To giveDBDB6、幾種時(shí)態(tài)的替代問題、幾種時(shí)態(tài)的替代問題A：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí) ： 除了在時(shí)間、條件、讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)外，表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項(xiàng)，行程等活動(dòng)也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來代替將來時(shí)。如： The
25、 museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物館明天10點(diǎn)開門。(實(shí)際上每天如此。) B：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí)： 句型 “It is since”代替“It has been since ” It is (= has been) five years since we last met C：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替進(jìn)行時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替進(jìn)行時(shí)： 在全部倒裝句中都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： Look, here comes Mr. Li. 高考題點(diǎn)擊：高考題點(diǎn)擊：1. I need one more stamp before my collection _.
26、(94 N) A. has completedB. completes C. has been completed D. is completed2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (98 N) A. payB. payingC. paidD. to pay說明說明：集郵冊(cè)只能被完成，且在 before 從句中沒有將來時(shí)，故只能選D。說明說明：該句的意思為“在大城市中清潔女工的工資通常是按小時(shí)支付的。”很明顯該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。DC3. Books of this kind _ well. (99 上海) A. sel
27、lB. sellsC. are soldD. is sold4. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. (01 北京春) A. loseB. will be lost C. are lostD. will lose說明說明：sell 既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)用作“銷售情況如何”時(shí)，sell 為不及物動(dòng)詞，故沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。類似的詞還有：wash, translate, write 等。說明說明：lose job 為“失業(yè)”，job 只能被失去，且動(dòng)作應(yīng)該發(fā)生在將來。AB5. A new cinema _ here. They hope to
28、 finish it next month. (2001 北京春季) A. will be builtB. is built C. has been builtD. is being built6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. (2001上海) A. has been designedB. had been designed C. was designedD. would be designed說明說明：從后句可知電影院應(yīng)該正在修建。需要注意的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式。說明說明：by the end of
29、 短語一般都與過去完成時(shí)或?qū)硗瓿蓵r(shí)連用。DB7. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. (2002 北京春季) A. killedB. is killedC. was killed D. was killing8. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. (2002上海) A. is to blameB. is going to blame C. is to be blamedD. shou
30、ld blame說明說明：不要被前面使用的現(xiàn)在時(shí)所蒙蔽，在地震中搶救小孩并獻(xiàn)身的動(dòng)作只能在過去。說明說明：be to blame 是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。該句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。CA9. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (2002上海春季) A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut說明說明：該句的意思為“雨林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和燒毀以至于在不久的將來它們就會(huì)消失?！睆恼Z境中可以看出應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。況且進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表達(dá)出說話人的一種特殊的情感。說話人是想呼吁人們停止亂砍亂燒雨林，給人們提出的一種警告。C
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài) 中學(xué)英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
