山東省青島市中考英語 第二部分 專題語法 高效突破 專項(xiàng)4 代詞課件

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1、第二部分第二部分 專題語法專題語法 高效突破高效突破專項(xiàng)專項(xiàng) 4 代詞代詞 高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 人稱代詞人稱代詞1.人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化列表如下： 主(賓)格 人稱單數(shù)主格賓格復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱he himthey them shehertheythemitittheythem 2.人稱代詞的用法(1)人稱代詞的主格在句中充當(dāng)主語。如：She is a good student.她是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。(2)人稱代詞的賓格在句中充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞、介詞的賓語或表語。如：I dont know her.我不認(rèn)識(shí)她。His mothe

2、r is waiting for him outside.他的母親正在外面等著他。3.人稱代詞的語序幾個(gè)人稱代詞并列充當(dāng)主語時(shí)，它們的順序是：單數(shù)形式(二、三、一)you，he/she and I；復(fù)數(shù)形式(一、二、三)we，you and they。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 物主代詞物主代詞1.物主代詞分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，列表如下：2.物主代詞的用法： 我的我的 你的你的 他的他的 她的她的 它的它的我們的我們的 你們的你們的 他們的他們的形容詞性物形容詞性物主代詞主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主名詞性物主代詞代詞mine yourshishers

3、itsoursyourstheirs類別類別作用作用例句例句形容詞性物主代形容詞性物主代詞詞作定語We must protect animals，they are our friends.我們必須保護(hù)動(dòng)物，它們是我們的朋友。類別類別作用作用例句例句名詞性物名詞性物主代詞主代詞作主語Would you please lend me your English book？Mine isnt here.我能借一下你的英語書嗎？我的不在這兒。作賓語This isnt your football，Tom. You left yours at school.這不是你的足球，湯姆。你把你的落在學(xué)校了。作表語W

4、hose book is it？這是誰的書？Its mine.是我的。與of連用作定語The red skirt of hers is very beautiful.她的那條紅色裙子非常漂亮?！咀⒁狻俊咀⒁狻啃稳菰~性物主代詞具有形容詞的作用，不能單獨(dú)使用，放在名詞前面作定語。名詞性物主代詞具有名詞的特征，相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞名詞”，它只能獨(dú)立使用，后面不跟名詞。如：This computer is mine. = This is my computer.這是我的電腦。 物主代詞前后不能有this，that，some，a，an，the等詞修飾。如不能說the his watch。 當(dāng)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)

5、時(shí)，形容詞性物主代詞可與own連用，意為“某人自己的”。如：her own bike她自己的自行車。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 反身代詞反身代詞1.反身代詞的構(gòu)成：(1)第一、二人稱反身代詞構(gòu)成：形容詞性物主代詞self/selves。(2)第三人稱反身代詞構(gòu)成：人稱代詞賓格self/selves。 我我(們們)自自己己你你(們們)自自己己他他(們們)自己自己她她(們們)自自己己它它(們們)自自己己單數(shù)單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesthemselves themselves2.反身代詞的用法：用法用法

6、位置位置例句例句作賓語作賓語動(dòng)詞或介詞之后He can take care of himself.他能照顧好他自己。作表語作表語系動(dòng)詞之后The poor boy in the story was myself.這個(gè)故事里可憐的男孩是我自己。作同位作同位語語名詞或代詞之后或句末I myself did it. = I did it myself.我自己做的。3. 反身代詞常用的結(jié)構(gòu)：for oneself 為自己；hurt oneself 傷害自己；prove oneself 證明自己；keep sth.to oneself保密；dress oneself自己穿衣服；主語oneself.某人親

7、自；help oneself (to)自用(食物等)；enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高興；learn sth.by oneself = teach oneself sth.自學(xué)；by oneself = do sth.alone獨(dú)自做某事考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4 普通不定代詞普通不定代詞1.普通不定代詞普通不定代詞有some，any，many，much，each，every，both，few，little，a few，a little，all，none，either，neither，other，the other，others，another。 相同點(diǎn)相同點(diǎn)不同點(diǎn)不

8、同點(diǎn)例句例句some均表示“一些”，既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞, some 常用于肯定句；但在疑問句中，當(dāng)表示說話人希望得到對(duì)方肯定回答或表達(dá)請(qǐng)求、建議時(shí)應(yīng)someI need some paper.Do you have any paper？我需要一些紙。你有嗎？ any 常用于否定句和疑問句，還可用于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；用于肯定句時(shí)，表示“任何一個(gè)”The question is very easy.Any student can answer it.這個(gè)問題很簡單。任何一個(gè)學(xué)生都能回答上。 2.常見普通不定代詞的用法辨析(1) some與any (2) many與muc

9、h相同點(diǎn)相同點(diǎn)不同點(diǎn)不同點(diǎn)例句例句many意為“許多” 指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，還可以與表示程度的副詞so，too，how連用He has many friends.他有很多朋友。 much指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可以與表示程度的副詞so，too，how連用He doesnt have much money.他沒有很多錢。(3) both，either與neither 相相同同點(diǎn)點(diǎn)不同點(diǎn)不同點(diǎn)例句例句both均用于兩個(gè)人或物意為“兩者都”，both of.作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。其反義詞為neither。詞組：both.and意為 “兩者都”He has two sons.Both of t

10、hem are doctors.他有兩個(gè)兒子。他們兩個(gè)都是醫(yī)生。either意為“兩者之一”，either of.作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。詞組：either.or意為“要么要么”Which do you like，tea or milk？茶和牛奶你喜歡哪個(gè)？Either is OK.任何一個(gè)都可以。neither均用于兩個(gè)人或物意為“兩者都不”，neither of.作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。詞組：neither.nor意為“既不也不”Neither of the twins has been to Beijing.They hope to visit there one day.這兩個(gè)雙胞

11、胎中的任何一個(gè)都沒有去過北京。他們希望有一天可以去那里。Neither you nor he knows the answer.既不是你也不是他知道答案。(4) all，every，each與none 不同點(diǎn)不同點(diǎn)例句例句all指三者或三者以上“全部都”，其反義詞為none。all of.作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)All of the students have heard of the story，so they want to hear a new one.所有學(xué)生都已經(jīng)聽過這個(gè)故事了，所以他們想聽一個(gè)新的。every指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物中的“每一個(gè)”，不能帶of Every stude

12、nt in our school works hard.我們學(xué)校的每個(gè)學(xué)生都很用功each指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物中的“每一個(gè)”，能帶of Each student may have one book.每個(gè)學(xué)生都可以有一本書。none指三者或三者以上當(dāng)中“一個(gè)也沒有”，既可指人也可指物，常與of連用。none代替不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。none代替可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)形式None of the soldiers are(is) afraid of difficulties.戰(zhàn)士們都不怕困難?！咀⒁狻俊咀⒁狻坑脀hat / who提問的句子表示否定時(shí)分別用nothi

13、ng / no one(nobody)來回答。用how many / how much提問的句子表示否定時(shí)只能用none來回答。no one / nobody指三者或三者以上當(dāng)中“一個(gè)也沒有”，只能指人，不能與of連用。如：What can you see in the room？你在房間里能看到什么？Nothing.什么都沒有。How many sheep did you see on the hill？你在山上能看到多少只羊？None.一只也沒有。No one/Nobody can help him out. He must do it by himself.沒有人能夠幫他擺脫困境。他必須

14、靠自己。(5) other，the other，others，the others 與 another不定不定代詞代詞意義意義用法說明用法說明例句例句other另外的只作定語，常與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用；但如果前面有the，some，any，each，every，no，my，your，his等，則可與單數(shù)名詞連用I have no other choice.我沒有選擇的余地。the other兩者中的另一個(gè)常與one連用，構(gòu)成“one.the other.”；作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，表示“其余的全部”He has two cars.One is black，the other is white.他有兩輛車

15、。一輛黑色的，一輛白色的。others另一些泛指別的人或物(但不是全部)，不能作定語，可以構(gòu)成“some.，others.”結(jié)構(gòu)There are many students on the playground.Some are playing basketball，others are playing football. 操場上有許多學(xué)生。一些在打籃球，另一些在踢足球。the others其余的特指其余所有的人或物There are 50 students in my class.25 are boys，the others are girls.我們班有五十名學(xué)生。二十五個(gè)男生，其他的是女生

16、。another又一，另一一般情況下，后面接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，但后面可加few或帶數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)名詞The dress is too small.Please show me another one.這件裙子太小。請(qǐng)給我展示另外一件。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 5 復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞的用法：(1)復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。(2)復(fù)合不定代詞被形容詞修飾時(shí)，形容詞須后置。(3)由some構(gòu)成的不定代詞往往用于肯定句中；而由any構(gòu)成的不定代詞則往往用于否定句或疑問句中。由some構(gòu)成的不定代詞有時(shí)也可用于疑問句中，用來表明“請(qǐng)求對(duì)方給予肯定回答”的心理。表人表人somebody，som

17、eoneanybody，anyoneeverybody，everyonenobody，no one表物表物somethinganythingeverythingnothing考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 6 指示代詞指示代詞1.one，this/these與that/those代詞代詞用法用法例句例句one表示泛指，指前面提到的那類人或物中的任何一個(gè)，用來代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；其復(fù)數(shù)形式是onesYour watch is very nice.I want to buy one like yours.你的手表很漂亮。我想買一個(gè)和你一樣的。I bought it two weeks ago.我兩周前買的。this /

18、these指近處的人或物，單數(shù)用this，復(fù)數(shù)用theseThis is her schoolbag.這是她的書包。These books are his.這些書是他的。that / those指遠(yuǎn)處的人或物，that 指代同一類別中的另一個(gè)，用來代替不可數(shù)名詞；those用來指代名詞復(fù)數(shù)，指代同一類別中的另一些，通常用于含有比較級(jí)的句子中That is his bike.那是他的自行車。The weather in Guangdong is hotter than that in Beijing.廣東的天氣比北京的熱。The buildings of Beijing are higher t

19、han those of Zhongshan.北京的建筑比中山的高。2.it的特殊用法(1)指代前面提到過的事物。如：The book on the desk is not mine.It is Jims.書桌子上的書不是我的。它是吉姆的。(2)代替指示代詞this或that。如：Whats that？那是什么？It is a pencil.它是一支鉛筆。(3)指代嬰兒或不明身份的人。如：Someone is knocking at the door.Please go and see who it is.有人在敲門。請(qǐng)去看看他是誰。(4)指代時(shí)間或季節(jié)。如：Whats the time no

20、w？現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)？Its ten oclock.十點(diǎn)。(5)指代天氣。如：Whats the weather like today？今天天氣怎么樣？Its sunny.晴天。(6)指代距離。如：How far is it from your school to your home？從學(xué)校到你家有多遠(yuǎn)？(7)it的常用句型：It isadj.(for / of sb.)to do sth.做某事(對(duì)某人來說)如：It is important for us to work hard.對(duì)我們來說努力學(xué)習(xí)是重要的。Its time to do / for / that.該做某事的時(shí)間了。如：Its ti

21、me to get up / for lunch / that we went home.該起床了/該吃午飯了/我們?cè)摶丶伊?。It seems that.好像如：It seems that you are right.看起來你是對(duì)的。Its ones turn to do.輪到某人做如：Its your turn to sing. 輪到你唱了。Itsadj.that從句。如：Its natural that they should have different views.他們有不同的觀點(diǎn)是很自然的。(8)作形式賓語。如：Do you think it necessary to learn t

22、o wait in line？你認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)排隊(duì)等候是有必要的嗎？(9)構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“It is / was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that / who其他成分”。如：It is he who goes to school by bike every day.他每天騎自行車上學(xué)?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 7 疑問代詞疑問代詞who作主語、表語、賓語(此時(shí)不能放在介詞后)Who are you waiting for？你現(xiàn)在等誰？whomwho的賓格形式，作賓語With whom did you go swimming？你和誰去游泳的？whosewho的所有格形式，作主語、表語、賓語或定語Whose pen is this？這是

23、誰的鋼筆？what對(duì)物提問，意為“什么”What fruit do you like？你喜歡什么水果？which指在一定范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物中的“哪一個(gè)”Which movie do you like？你喜歡哪部電影？十年真題十年真題全練全練 青島中考在單項(xiàng)選擇中主要以不定代詞、人稱代詞的用法以及物主代詞為重點(diǎn)考查的內(nèi)容，并且也考查反身代詞。在綜合填空中重點(diǎn)考查物主代詞，在閱讀理解中綜合考查其他代詞的用法。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要熟練掌握各種代詞的基本用法，重點(diǎn)掌握不定代詞和人稱代詞的用法，記牢反身代詞與動(dòng)詞的固定搭配，使用時(shí)一定要注意上下文之間的聯(lián)系，進(jìn)行分析、判斷，注意代詞在句子中的應(yīng)用形式以及所作的句子成

24、分和所代替部分的詞類和單、復(fù)數(shù)形式等，最后選擇正確答案。 研究十年中考題告訴我們，試題考查重點(diǎn)放在人稱代詞、物主代詞和不定代詞上面，17年考查的是不定代詞和物主代詞，代詞是內(nèi)容較多的模塊，考題占分比例大，所以18年的中考同學(xué)們還須側(cè)重于代詞的復(fù)習(xí)?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 人稱代詞人稱代詞1.2012青島，20題I dont have white shoes for tomorrows speech contest.My brother has C pair. Would you like to try _ on?A.a；it B.one；it C.one；them D.two；them考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 物主

25、代詞物主代詞2.2017青島，綜合填空B1題Her ways of solving problems are different from mine (我的).3.2016青島，綜合填空B2題I left my book at home. May I borrow yours (你的)?考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 反身代詞反身代詞4.2009青島，18題Dont worry about your broken pen.You can use B .A.my B.mine C.yours D.myself5.2015青島，綜合填空B1題My uncle has taught himself (自己)Frenc

26、h since the year before last.考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4 普通不定代詞普通不定代詞6.2017青島，1題Can I come today or tomorrow? B is OK.Im busy today and tomorrow.A.Either B.Neither C.Each D.None考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 5 復(fù)合不定代詞復(fù)合不定代詞7.2014青島，24題Though Mary is a new teacher，she knows _C student in her class.A.either B.all C.every D.none8.2016青島，5題Ladies and

27、 gentlemen，attention please！I have B important to tell you.A.nothing B.something C.everything D.anything9.2013青島，19題I dont have a present for my friend.What if _C else brings a present?A.anybody B.nobody C.everyone D.none考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 6 指示代詞指示代詞10.2008青島，18題I have got many collections of snow globes.You may

28、take B if you like.A.either B.one C.it D.none猜押預(yù)測猜押預(yù)測1.Mum，this is my best friend Amy are in the same class.A.You B.Our C.We D.They2.Everyone makes mistakes in life.The key is not to repeat _ again.A.it B.this C.that D.them3.My father is a worker. is very kind.A.He B.She C.His D.It4.Is this Kates bi

29、cycle?No，_ is under the tree.She put it there this morning.A.his B.hers C.mine D.yours5.How do you get on with _ little brother? Ive just had a baby sister.Im worrying about it.A.my B.his C.her D.yourCDABD6.If we just think about _ ，the boat of friendship will be overturned anytime.A.myself B.himsel

30、f C.yourself D.ourselves7.Would you please come to play soccer with me?Sorry！My 5yearold brother cant look after _.A.him B.himself C.his D.He8.Dont be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again，will you?No，I wont.I know that _ of us are perfect after all.A.none B.neither C.each D.all9.In some

31、 countries，people eat with chopsticks，but in _，knives and forks.You see. People around the world have different eating habits.A.others B.other C.another D.allDBAA10.Sir， called you just now. I told him to phone again 20 minutes later.OK.Thanks，Nancy.A.someone B.nobody C.anyone D.everyone11.Is there

32、_ in todays newspaper?No.I think everything in it is boring.A.interesting anythingB.somebody interestingC.interesting somethingD.anything interesting12.Do you think _ acceptable for a group of women to dance to loud music on the square near your house?A.it B.that C.this D.itsADA13.I think _ (兩者都) of you are right.14.Boys and girls，I hope all of you enjoy _(你們自己) during the summer vacation.15.Tom is a good friend of _ (我的).bothyourselvesmine