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1、第四講第四講定語從句定語從句 第一課時知識過關(guān)課李仕才1在限制性定語從句中which，who，whom?？捎胻hat代替。關(guān)系代詞作賓語時常被省略。2在非限制性定語從句中，或者當(dāng)先行詞是指人的those，anyone，everyone，people，he，all，few，one(s)等時，不能用that引導(dǎo)。3以下情況下一般用that：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是指物的all，little，few，much，any，anything，everything，nothing，none，the one時，或先行詞被all，little，few，much，any，every，no等修飾時。(2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形
2、容詞最高級時，或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞(包括last，next)、形容詞最高級及the only，the very等修飾時。(3)先行詞包括人和物時。4當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因(且只能是reason)等，且這些先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，就分別用when、where、why來引導(dǎo)定語從句。另外，when，where，why一般可用“介詞which”替代，其中reason后的why通常用for which替代。 注意當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間、地點(diǎn)或原因的詞語時，不一定填關(guān)系副詞when，where，why，只有當(dāng)這些詞在定語從句中作狀語時，才用關(guān)系副詞，否則要用關(guān)系代詞。5當(dāng)先行詞是整個主句或主句的一
3、部分時，這類非限制性定語從句只能由which或as來引導(dǎo)。兩者的區(qū)別在于：(1)which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能位于主句后，而as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可位于主句前、中、后。(2)which常譯作“這”；而as常譯作“正如”，且多與see，expect，imagine，know，hope等動詞連用。(3)在定語從句中作主語時，若用as，其謂語部分一般有be；若謂語是不含be的行為動詞時，要用which。(4)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句只表示一個眾所周知或意料之中的事，而which不受此限制。(5)as常用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(這是常有的事)；as we expected(不出所料
4、)；as often happens(正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣)；as is known to all(眾所周知)；as has been said before(如上所述)；as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等等。讀語篇，悟語法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線和黑體部分。思考：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞是如何確定。It was the summer of 2012, when1 I came to Guangning No. 1 Senior High School.Our school is a wonderful place, where2 I can see a lot o
5、f beautiful buildings and a large square.Our classroom, the roof of which3 looks like a rocket in the distance, is located in the center of our school.The main reason why4 I like our school is that I can make many friends.I can get along with my classmates here, two of whom5 are my best friends.Jack
6、，who6 comes from Tanbu Junior High School, is very active. He likes various_sports，among which7 he likes running very much.He will run 5 kilometers every day，which8 makes him look strong.Nick，whose9 father is a teacher in Lianhe Junior High School, studies very hard.We often talk about the people an
7、d the things that10 we see in our school.Nick prefers the food that11 is made in our canteen.The teacher whom12 he likes is Mr. Zhang, our math teacher, while my beloved teacher is my English teacher, Miss Chen. To be honest, I gradually fall in love with our school.1先行詞是the summer of 2012，在定語從句中作時間
8、狀語，用關(guān)系副詞when (in which，during which)引導(dǎo)定語從句。2先行詞是a wonderful place，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where (at which)引導(dǎo)定語從句。3先行詞是Our classroom，直接在介詞of后作其賓語，先行詞是物時，只能用which。the roof of which中的of表所屬關(guān)系，意為“我們教室的屋頂”。4先行詞是the main reason，在定語從句中作原因狀語，只能用why引導(dǎo)。5先行詞是my classmates，直接在介詞of后作其賓語，先行詞是人時，只能用whom。two of whom中的of表示部
9、分與整體的關(guān)系，意為“我的同班同學(xué)中的兩個人”。6先行詞是Jack，在定語從句中作主語，用who引導(dǎo)。7先行詞是various sports，直接在介詞among后作賓語，只能用which。8先行詞是He will run 5 kilometers every day整個句子，并在從句中作主語，用which引導(dǎo)。9先行詞是Nick，在定語從句中作定語，表示Nicks，用whose引導(dǎo)。10先行詞是the people and the things，既包括人又包括事物，通常只用that引導(dǎo)。11先行詞是the food，在定語從句中作主語，故用that或which引導(dǎo)。12先行詞是the tea
10、cher，在定語從句中作likes的賓語，故用whom引導(dǎo)。.單句填空(用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空)1Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?2Is this the reason _ he was so careless in his work?3The reason _ he didnt come was _ he was ill.4He lives in a village _ is not far from the city.5He lives in the villag
11、e _ he was born.thatwhywhythatwhichwhere6A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.7In an hour, we travel to places _ we can relax and get refreshed.8The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace.9The place _ he had a good time last Sunday was the Ch
12、ildrens Palace.10Ill never forget the days _ we studied together.whosewherewhichwherewhen.單句改錯(下列每句中有一處錯誤，每處涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。)1There was a time that he didnt get along well with his classmates._2Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of who agreed that it was the best of this yea
13、r._3The earthquake was felt in Beijing, that is more than two hundred kilometres away._4This is the best method which has been used against pollution._5The school shop, which customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays._thatwhenwhowhomthatwhichwhichthatwhichwhose6Which is reported in th
14、e newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress._7The Great Wall was built in a time that countries were at war._8She told her mother she would not marry anyone that she didnt love._9The school which I studied was 3 kilometers away from my home. _10The reason why he gave for not com
15、ing was that his mother didnt allow him to._WhichAsthatwhenthatwhomwhichwhere/在which前加上atwhywhich/that.語篇填空(在下面空格處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞，使結(jié)構(gòu)完整，語意通順。)There was a time 1._ I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English.And this is the reason 2._ my father forced me to join in a 30day training in an
16、 English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club，3._ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately, my guide，4._ teacher was Li Yang，communicated with me face to face, from 5._ I gained some useful instru
17、ctions.He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series ofactivities 6._ we did. My father and the guide 7._ encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appr
18、eciated.Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8._ I put my entire energy.Every day I will read my words and passages aloud.In class I will join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep, I will recall my passages, through 9._ I can memorize a large number of new words.10._ our English t
19、eacher says，“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conquer English sooner or later.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文講述了作者參加的一次英語學(xué)習(xí)培訓(xùn)的經(jīng)歷以及這次經(jīng)歷帶給他的對英語學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變。1when先行詞是時間，并在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語。2why先行詞reason表示原因，并在從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語。3where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)定語從句，先行詞club是一個地點(diǎn)。4whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，并且在定語從句中作定語，意思是“他的老師是
20、李陽”。5whom根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和前面from可知填whom。6that/which根據(jù)先行詞activities表示事情且在從句中作賓語，可知填that/which。7who/that從先行詞和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，who/that作主語。8which根據(jù)前面的介詞into以及先行詞English可知，填which。9which根據(jù)前面的介詞through可知填which，which在這里是指代前面整個句子。10As引導(dǎo)定語從句，意思是“正如”。第二課時高考研究課定語從句在語法填空中的考查點(diǎn)規(guī)律方法找：就是先把句子分為主句和從句兩部分，再找出先行詞和關(guān)系詞。還：根據(jù)先行詞提示的意思，把定語從句還原為完
21、整的一句話。(可以添詞)替換：用關(guān)系詞替換定語從句中還原后添加的部分，作主語和賓語用關(guān)系代詞，作狀語用關(guān)系副詞。(時間狀語用when，地點(diǎn)狀語用where，原因狀語用why。同初中時做的“對畫線部分提問”相似，該用what的時候用which/that即可)例如：This is the school _ I once studied.This is the school _ is the most famous in the city.I am studying at a school _ my father teaches English.找：(略)還原：根據(jù)先行詞的提示，這三句話的定語從句還
22、原成完整的一句話后分別為：I once studied at the school.The school is the most famous in the city.My father teaches English at the school.黑體部分為根據(jù)先行詞的意思把關(guān)系詞還原后的部分。替換：根據(jù)“對畫線部分提問”的規(guī)則，和用where，本該用what，在定語從句中該用what的要換為which/that。因此，答案為：where；that/which；where。1Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both，_ is
23、not good for the health. (2017全國卷)2. But Sarah，_ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017全國卷)真題驗(yàn)證1whichwhich引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，which在從句中作主語，指代前面主句的內(nèi)容。who根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Sarah，在從句中作主語，故關(guān)系代詞用who。3Pahlsson and her husband now think th
24、e ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden，_ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生長)through it.(2017浙江卷)4. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC., influenced the development
25、 of chopsticks.(2016全國卷)where根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為the garden，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故要用關(guān)系副詞where。who句中先行詞為the great Chinese scholar Confucius，定語從句中缺少主語，故填who。5But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s，_ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit
26、 caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016全國卷)6Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.(2015全國卷)when句中先行詞為the mid1980s，定語從句中缺少時間狀語，故填when。that/whi
27、ch句中先行詞為the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，定語從句中缺少主語，故填which/that。7When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the towns met regularly.(2015廣東卷)8Many young people, most of _ were welleducated, headed for remote re
28、gions to chase their dreams.(2016江蘇卷改編)9Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _ school education depends.(2015安徽卷改編)where句中先行詞為the market，定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。whom句中先行詞為many young people，定語從句中缺少主語，且所填關(guān)系詞為介詞of的賓語，故填whom。which句中先行詞為the fundamental skill，定語從句中缺少賓語，且所填關(guān)系詞為介詞on的賓語，故填whi
29、ch。第一步：判斷是否為定語從句，what不引導(dǎo)定語從句是常考點(diǎn)；第二步：判斷是何種定語從句，that不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句是常考點(diǎn)；第三步：分析關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所作成分，關(guān)系詞混用是?？键c(diǎn)。規(guī)律方法定語從句在短文改錯中的考查點(diǎn)1In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.(2017全國卷)_2The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.(2016四川卷)_
30、3Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(全國卷)_真題驗(yàn)證2thatwhich關(guān)系詞的混用。that不能夠引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故改為which。whatthat/which，或者去掉what首先判斷dishes后面的從句為定語從句，what不引導(dǎo)定語從句；其次定語從句中缺少賓語。thatwhich關(guān)系詞的混用。that不能夠引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，故改為which。第三課時寫作增分課
31、定語從句在寫作中的增分點(diǎn)一、用as作關(guān)系代詞寫句子1起初，我認(rèn)為李老師有點(diǎn)怪，因?yàn)樗偸菃栆恍]人能回答的問題。(kind of odd, such questions as) _ _2他不是一個把今天能做的事拖到明天做的人。(such a man, put off.till tomorrow) _At first, I thought Mr. Li was kind of odd, because he was always asking such questions as no one could answer.He isnt such a man as puts off what he
32、can do today till tomorrow.3我們應(yīng)當(dāng)讀一些使我們明智的書。(such books as, wiser) _4在我生日那天，我收到了像母親承諾的那樣好的一件禮物。(receive as good a gift) _We should read such books as make us wiser.On my birthday, I received as good a gift as my mother had promised.二、用as, which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句寫句子1我發(fā)現(xiàn)一個老人躺在馬路上，我乘出租車立即把他送到了醫(yī)院，這就是那天上午我遲到的原因。(
33、find somebody doing, take.to) _ _2正如一句諺語所說，“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”如果沒有一個強(qiáng)壯的身體，一個人會一事無成。(saying, a sound body, achieve) _ _I found an old man lying on the ground and I took him to hospital in a taxi immediately, which was why I was late that morning.As a saying goes, “All work a
34、nd no play makes Jack a dull boy.” Without a sound body, one cannot achieve anything.3正如圖表所顯示的那樣，這個城市的空氣質(zhì)量在過去兩年越來越糟。(as is shown in the chart, the air quality) _ _4在漢語演講比賽中獲得一等獎，這我做夢也沒有想到。(win the first prize, Chinese speech competition, beyond my wildest dreams) _ _As is shown in the chart, the air
35、 quality of the city has become worse and worse in the past two years.I won the first prize in the Chinese Speech Competition, which was beyond my wildest dreams.三、使用非限制性定語從句寫高級句子1我們的學(xué)校，位于內(nèi)鄉(xiāng)西北角，有34年歷史。(be located in, have a history of) _ _2我們學(xué)校里的老師，大多數(shù)都是三十多歲，把他們一切都奉獻(xiàn)給了我們。(in ones thirties, devote on
36、eself to) _ _Our school, which is located in the northwest of Neixiang, has a history of thirtyfour years.The teachers of our school, most of whom are in their thirties, have devoted themselves to us.3我們學(xué)校有四千多名學(xué)生，大多數(shù)都能用心學(xué)習(xí)。(the majority of, put ones heart into) _ _4我為我們的學(xué)校而感到自豪。我相信，在這里，如果我們好好學(xué)習(xí)的話，一定
37、會考上名牌大學(xué)。(be proud of, there is a good chance that, be admitted to) _ _There are more than 4，000 students in our school, the majority of whom put their hearts into their studies.I am proud of our school, where I am sure if we do our best, there is a good chance that we can be admitted to the best fam
38、ous universities.四、綜合運(yùn)用定語從句知識寫句子1但是，現(xiàn)在許多公司關(guān)心的卻是怎樣掙到更多的錢，不管環(huán)境受到怎樣的破壞。(all, care about, make money, no matter how seriously) _ _2我的家鄉(xiāng)已不再是十年前的那個小村莊了，那時到處都是破舊房子，人們食不果腹。(the little village, when, old houses, hardly feed themselves) _ _However, all that many companies care about is how to make more money,
39、 no matter how seriously the environment is damaged.My hometown isnt the little village what it was ten years ago, when there were old houses everywhere and people could hardly feed themselves.3那個小學(xué)的許多學(xué)生，他們的父母在遙遠(yuǎn)的大城市打工，不得不由他們的祖父母照看，而他們的祖父母許多連自己都照顧不了。(work as migrant workers, be taken care of) _ _ _4
40、他是那些學(xué)生中唯一一個連續(xù)三次獲得一等獎的學(xué)生。(the only one, win the first prize, in a row) _Many students of the primary school, whose parents are working as migrant workers in big cities far away, have to be taken care of by their grandparents, many of whom can hardly take care of themselves.He is the only one of the students who has won the first prize (for) three times in a row.5參觀你所在的城市是一次難忘的經(jīng)歷，一次我將永遠(yuǎn)珍惜的經(jīng)歷。(visiting your city, one, value for the rest of my life) _Visiting your city is an unforgettable experience, one I will value for the rest of my life.
高考英語 重難增分篇 第四講 定語從句課件 新人教版
