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1、專題五數(shù)詞和主謂一致-2-考點一考點二考點三考點四一二一、數(shù)詞數(shù)詞分為兩種:基數(shù)詞(表示數(shù)目)和序數(shù)詞(表示順序)。1.dozen(一打,十二),score(二十)與具體數(shù)詞或與many,several 等連用時,后不加-s,所修飾的名詞前介詞of有無均可。但是習慣上score多與of連用,而dozen很少與of連用。如:two dozen eggs 兩打雞蛋,many dozen pencils好多打鉛筆;two score of eggs 40個雞蛋;three score of people 60個人。dozen,score的復數(shù)形式后接of時,表示“許多”。如:dozens of eg
2、gs幾十個雞蛋,scores of pencils幾十支鉛筆。2.當所修飾的名詞之前有限定詞these,those,my,your等或是修飾人稱代詞賓格them,us,you時,這時需要加of。如:two dozen of these pens,three score of them。-3-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,若分子大于1,則分母用復數(shù)。如:one-fourth(a quarter) 1/4;two-fifths 2/5。(2016全國乙)Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of
3、Obamas family.三分之二的人認為會有更多的家庭模仿奧巴馬家庭的做法。-4-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四表示某人的確切年齡,用“基數(shù)詞+year(s) old”或者“at the age of+基數(shù)詞”,也可直接用基數(shù)詞;表示某人幾十多歲時,用“in ones+基數(shù)詞的復數(shù)(如twenties,thirties等)”來表達。She is still in her twenties.她才二十幾歲。-5-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四表示“幾十年代”時,在年份后加-s或-s。(2016全國乙)In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn
4、t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own.在20世紀60年代,我們都有點不安分,想盡快離家或離家遠點來證明自己能夠自立。-6-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七二、主謂一致謂語動詞的數(shù)應和主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。在判定一個句子主謂是否一致時,要遵循下列三個原則:語法一致、意義一致和就近一致?！罢Z法一致”也就是從語法形式上取得一致,即主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞也采用單數(shù)形式;主語為復數(shù)形式,謂語動詞亦為復數(shù)形式。“意義一致”就是從意義著眼來處理主謂語
5、一致問題。主語形式為單數(shù),但意義為復數(shù),謂語動詞依意義而定,也采用復數(shù)形式?！熬徒恢隆笔侵钢^語動詞的人稱和數(shù)往往和與其最近的主語保持一致。-7-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七1.主語為表示時間、距離、金錢、書名等整體概念的名詞做主語時。Ten miles is not a long way for me.十英里對我來說不是很長的距離。2.由and連接的兩個或兩個以上的單數(shù)名詞做主語,前面由不定代詞every/each/no修飾時。Each boy and(each) girl has an apple.每個男孩和每個女孩都有一個蘋果。-8-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考
6、點六考點七3.and連接的兩個詞是指同一個人、同一事物或同一概念,且兩個名詞共用一個冠詞時。A teacher of English and class teacher is telling us something about volunteer workers now.一位英語老師兼班主任現(xiàn)在正告訴我們關于義工們的一些情況。4.“the number of+復數(shù)名詞”做主語時。The number of professors present at the meeting is 1,800.出席會議的教授人數(shù)是1800人。5.動詞-ing(短語)、不定式、從句做主語時。What the te
7、acher of the science class does and says is of great importance to the students at college.理科老師做的事和說的話對學院里的學生很重要。-9-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七6.“more than one+單數(shù)名詞”和“many a+單數(shù)名詞”做主語時。More than one student has gone to Beijing.不止一個學生去了北京。Hey!Here is a message on my cellphone,telling me that I have won fi
8、rst prize of a weekend for two in Paris.Delete it!Its a trick.Many a person has been cheated by such tricks.嘿,我手機上有一條短信,告訴我我已獲得巴黎周末雙人游的一等獎。刪掉吧。那是個騙局。許多人被這樣的短信騙過。7.“the+形容詞”做主語,表示一類抽象的事物時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。The new is sure to replace the old.新生事物一定會取代舊的事物。-10-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七1.有些集合名詞如:clothes,cattle,fo
9、lk,people,police 等做主語,后面的謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。The police are searching for the murderer.警方正在搜尋兇手。2.“the+形容詞/分詞”做主語,表示某一類人時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。The old are living a happy life now.老人們現(xiàn)在生活幸福。3.由and或both.and.連接兩個單數(shù)名詞做主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式(不可數(shù)名詞同樣)。Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop.這家商店里咖啡和啤酒都有售。-11-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考
10、點七1.集合名詞如:group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew等做主語時,如果看成一個整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,如果側重其成員,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。The family which is not big like watching football games.這個家庭不大,全家人喜歡看足球比賽。-12-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七2.主語是單復數(shù)同形的名詞如:deer,sheep,fish,series,means,works,aircraft等時,視其表達的意
11、義而判斷謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式。Every means has been tried,but none proved successful.每個辦法都嘗試過了,但沒有一個是成功的。Many means have not come into effect.許多方法都沒生效。3.代詞none,neither,all以及what引導的從句等做主語,謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式取決于所指代的內容。(2014湖南)All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the g
12、rowing seasons of the year.我們所需要的就是一小塊土地,在這兒我們可以在一年的生長季節(jié)種植各種各樣的果樹。What they have are 200 computers.他們擁有的就是二百臺電腦。-13-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七4.population表示“人口”,即一個國家或地區(qū)的居民數(shù)目,它做主語時謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。當它前面有分數(shù)或百分數(shù)時,population是指一個國家或地區(qū)的全體居民,它做主語時,謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式。The population of Canada is about 36 million.加拿大的人口數(shù)大約是3
13、600萬。Eighty percent of the population in that country are farmers.那個國家80%的人口是農(nóng)民。-14-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七1.有時主語與謂語動詞之間插入一個介詞短語,該短語對謂語動詞不產(chǎn)生影響。The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly.森林火災的危險不能輕視。2.當主語后面跟有with,together with,along with,accompanied by,like,in addition to,as well as,as muc
14、h as,more than,rather than,no less than,except,but,besides,including 等連接的單詞(詞組)時,其謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式要與它們前面的主語取得一致。Newspapers,as well as magazines,play an important role in daily communication.報紙,還有雜志,在我們的日常交流中起到了重要的作用。-15-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七1.由“some,plenty,a lot,lots,most,the rest,all,half,part或分數(shù)、百分數(shù)+o
15、f+名詞”等短語做主語時,謂語動詞常與of后的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。如果of后面所接名詞為復數(shù)形式,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式;如果of后面所接名詞為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞就用單數(shù)形式。About one third of the books are well worth reading.大約三分之一的書非常值得閱讀。(201610浙江)Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who havent worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one da
16、y a week working from home.那些就遠程辦公參與調查者中有64%的人寧愿放棄獎金,就是為了得到一周一天在家辦公的機會。-16-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七2.由“a kind of,this kind of,many kinds of”和“名詞+of this kind”等相同用法的詞還有type,sort,part,piece,section,pair等。構成的短語做主語時,謂語動詞與of前的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。This kind of animals is dangerous.Animals of this kind are dangerous.這種
17、動物很危險。-17-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七3.“a large amount of+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式?！發(fā)arge amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式?！發(fā)arge quantities of+不可數(shù)名詞/復數(shù)名詞”做主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式?！癮 good/great deal of+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market.大量資金投放到當?shù)氐氖袌錾?。One survey shows that lar
18、ge quantities of water are wasted every year in China,and that one third is available to be saved.調查表明在中國大量的水被浪費了,其中的三分之一是能節(jié)省下來的。-18-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七1.由or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also.等連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時,謂語動詞和與它最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。Not only his family but also he likes Chaplins movies.不但他的
19、家人而且連他也喜歡卓別林的電影。Are either you or your brother going to the party?要么你或是你的兄弟要去參加這個聚會嗎?2.there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一個名詞的數(shù)決定。There are some envelopes and paper for you.這里有一些信封和紙張給你。-19-一二考點一考點二考點三考點四考點五考點六考點七1.在定語從句里,關系代詞that,who,which等做主語時,其謂語動詞的數(shù)應與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。Those who have seen the film please put up you
20、r hands.看過這部電影的請舉手。2.“one of+復數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結構中,從句中謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式。Tom is one of the boys who have gone abroad.湯姆是出過國的男孩之一。3.“the only one of+復數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結構中,從句中的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.他是唯一一個通過考試的學生。-20-.用括號內所給動詞的適當形式填空1.(2016江蘇改編)Even chimp mothers regularly decli
21、ne to share food with their children,who are(be) able from a young age to gather their own food.2.(2016江蘇改編)The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is(be) greater than the fall in poor areas.解析:該句的主語是先行詞chimp mothers,謂語動詞該用復數(shù)形式,根據(jù)語境可知應用現(xiàn)在時,故填are。解析:該句的主語不是空前的countries,而是the total ri
22、se,所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,故用is。-21-3.(2016全國丙改編)Visiting an apple event is(be) a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.4.(2016全國丙改編)One of the very best varieties for eating quality is(be) Orleans Reinette,but youll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it.解析:本句的主語是Visitin
23、g.短語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,故填is。解析:“one of+復數(shù)名詞”結構中,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式,故填is。-22-5.(2016全國甲改編)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be) often acceptable.6.(2015湖南改編)It is important to remember that success is(be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes(take) years to achieve.解析:此句的主語為Leaving.,動
24、詞-ing短語做主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,故填is。解析:句意:成功是每天一點點小的努力的總和,而且往往要花幾年時間才能達到,記住這點很重要。remember后面的賓語從句中,success充當主語且為單數(shù)形式,又因本句話陳述的內容為客觀事實,因此其后的兩個謂語動詞be和take都應用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。-23-7.Mr.Black,as well as the professor who comes(come) from Beijing University, is(be) to attend our school meeting.8.The truth is that the passer
25、s-by,rather than the driver, are to blame(blame) for the terrible accident.解析:第一空考查定語從句中的主謂一致,who做主語,因此謂語動詞與先行詞一致,the professor是單數(shù),故謂語動詞用單數(shù);第二空謂語動詞的主語是Mr.Black,as well as連接的單詞,其謂語動詞與其前面的主語一致。故用單數(shù)。解析:句意:事實真相是過路人而不是司機對這次可怕的事故負責。題干中的主語是passers-by“過路人”,為復數(shù)形式;盡管后面加了rather than短語,句子謂語的數(shù)應與最前面的主語保持一致。be to
26、blame是個習慣用法,主動形式表示被動含義。-24-9.Moments of failure are(be) unavoidable,but most of us abandon the goal entirely when slight failures and setbacks start piling up.10.The New York Times is (be) widely accepted in America.解析:該句的主語是moments,謂語動詞該用復數(shù)形式,根據(jù)語境應用現(xiàn)在時,故填are。解析:句意:紐約時報在美國被廣泛接受。題干中的主語是一種報紙名稱,謂語動詞應用單
27、數(shù)形式。-25-11.This kind of operation is known(know) as a robotic operation.12.Almost all international conferences and competitions are conducted(conduct) in English.解析:主語為單數(shù)形式,且與know之間存在被動關系,故填is known。解析:分析句子結構可知,空格前是主語部分,所填詞為謂語,且主語與conduct之間存在被動關系,因此要用被動語態(tài);根據(jù)句意可知句子說的是一般事實,用一般現(xiàn)在時表示。因此答案是are conducted
28、。-26-13.Acquiring the wisdom to make wise choices is (be) the lasting challenge of being human.14.(2013江蘇改編)Generally,students inner motivation with high expectations from others is(be) essential to their development.解析:該句是acquiring短語做主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)第三人稱形式,故填is。解析:主語為motivation,故謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;根據(jù)語境及generally可
29、知,描述的為一般情況,故使用一般現(xiàn)在時,用is。-27-15.(2012安徽改編)Walmart,which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, keeps(keep) some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.16.(2013福建改編)The famous musician,as well as his students, was invited(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2
30、012 Taipei Flower Expo.解析:句意:沃爾瑪,美國最大的連鎖超市之一,讓它的一些分店從周一到周六,一天24小時營業(yè)。由句意可知,要用一般現(xiàn)在時;Walmart做主語,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。解析:句意:這位著名的音樂家和他的學生被邀請在2012臺北花博會的開幕式上表演。as well as連接兩個并列的名詞做主語時,根據(jù)其前的名詞來判斷謂語動詞的形式且根據(jù)句意可知動作發(fā)生在過去,故填was invited。-28-17.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which were(be) sav
31、ed for other purposes.18.Is everyone here?Not yet.Look!There come(come) the rest of our guests!解析:the rest指代的是前面的materials,故謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。解析:表示地點、方位等的副詞放于句首句子要用倒裝形式,謂語動詞要和后面的our guests一致,故用復數(shù)形式。-29-19.The fact that so many people still smoke in public places suggests(suggest) that we may need a nationwi
32、de campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.20.He is the only one of the students who has been(be) a winner of scholarship for three years.解析:主語是the fact,that so many people still smoke in public places是同位語從句,謂語動詞和the fact保持一致,故用單數(shù)形式。解析:“the only one of+復數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結構中,從句中的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。從句意及后面
33、的for three years可知,用現(xiàn)在完成時,故填has been。-30-.完成句子(每空一詞)1.桌子上有兩本書和一本詞典。There are two books and a dictionary on the desk.2.做這項工作四十分鐘足夠了。Forty minutes is enough for the work.3.瑪麗的眼鏡破了。Marys glasses are broken.4.學生們和老師都被他的演講打動了。The students as well as the teacher were/are moved by his speech.5.這里工廠大約有300個工人。The number of the workers of this factory is about 300.
高考英語總復習 專題五 數(shù)詞和主謂一致課件 新人教版
