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1、第二部分第二部分 專題語法專題語法 高效突破高效突破專項專項 9 9 動詞動詞高頻考點高頻考點精講精講考點考點 1 1 動詞的種類動詞的種類1.1.實義動詞實義動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能獨立作謂語。按其是否帶賓語，可分為及物動詞(帶賓語)和不及物動詞(不帶賓語)。2 2. .及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞本身意思不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意思表達完整，如：reach，ask，return，love，need，teach等。及物動詞常用于下面三種句型中：(1)主語謂語(及物動詞)賓語。如：He reached Canada the day before yesterday.他前天到達加拿大的
2、。(2)主語謂語(及物動詞)賓語賓語補足語。如：They asked me to go fishing with them.他們讓我和他們一起去釣魚。(3)主語謂語(及物動詞)間接賓語直接賓語。如：I will return him the storybook.我準備把故事書還給他?！咀⒁庾⒁狻?帶雙賓語的及物動詞，如果把直接賓語置于間接賓語之前，必須在變換時加to或for，構(gòu)成“及物動詞直接賓語to / for間接賓語”句型?！厩捎浨捎洝?巧記帶雙賓語的及物動詞“七給”“一帶”“to”不少；“買”“畫”“制作”“for”來了“七給”(give，pass，lend，write，show，sen
3、d，hand)和“一帶”(bring)，在直接賓語前置時，必須在后面加to；“buy，draw，make”在直接賓語前置時，必須在后面加for。3.3.不及物動詞不及物動詞不及物動詞本身意思完整，無須接賓語，構(gòu)成“主語謂語”的句型，如：swim，come，go，run，travel等；如后面接賓語，則必須與介詞連用。如：Lucy is swimming.露西正在游泳。I am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校門口等你。4.4.延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞(1)延續(xù)性動詞表示動作是可以持續(xù)的，可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：li
4、ve，study，work，keep，teach等。如：You can keep this book for two weeks.你可以借這本書兩周。He has been studying French for about 3 months.他已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)法語三個月了。(2)非延續(xù)性動詞表示瞬間動作，動作一發(fā)生便立即結(jié)束。如buy，lend，borrow，begin，stop，arrive，finish，go，come等。非延續(xù)性動詞不能和表示時間段的狀語連用，如果要與表示時間段的狀語連用，就要用其他的詞代替。如：Tom arrived here five days ago.湯姆五天前到達這里。
5、May I borrow your eraser？我可以借用你的橡皮嗎？5.5.系動詞系動詞 本身有詞義，不能獨立作謂語，必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。 例詞例詞例句例句表狀表狀態(tài)態(tài)be(是)，seem(似乎)，keep(保持)，stay(堅持)，lie(處于狀態(tài))等He seems to be very happy.他看起來很高興。Eating too much is not good for us to stay healthy.吃得太多對保持健康沒有好處。表狀表狀態(tài)變態(tài)變化化get(變得)，turn (轉(zhuǎn)變)，go(變)，fall(變成)，become(變成)，grow(漸漸變得)等My so
6、n is becoming taller and taller.我兒子變得越來越高。The food went bad.食物變質(zhì)了。表感表感覺覺look(看起來)，sound(聽起來)，feel(摸起來，感覺)，taste(嘗起來)，smell(聞起來)等 That idea sounds good.那個主意聽起來很好。This kind of food tastes delicious.這種食物嘗起來真好吃?？键c考點 2 2 近義動詞辨析近義動詞辨析動詞種類與用法繁多，尤其是意思相近或者用法相近的動詞、動詞詞組特別容易混淆。如：put on “穿上”；put up“舉手，張貼，搭建”；put
7、 off “推遲”等形近的動詞詞組更加難以區(qū)別。初中階段易混動詞、動詞詞組歸納初中階段易混動詞、動詞詞組歸納詞匯詞匯區(qū)分區(qū)分look at與seelook at“看著”(過程)；see“看到”(結(jié)果)listen to與hearlisten to“聽著”(過程)；hear“聽到”(結(jié)果)look at與looklook at“看著”；look形容詞，“看起來”see，watch與looksee“看到”；watch“觀看”；look形容詞(系動詞)，“看起來”listen to與soundlisten to“聽著”；sound形容詞，“聽起來”have與eathave“吃，喝”；eat“吃”lo
8、ok for與findlook for“尋找”(過程)；find“找到”(結(jié)果)find，discover與inventfind“找到”(意外地)；discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”(本來就存在，只是以前沒人知道)；invent“發(fā)明”(從無到有，創(chuàng)造)borrow，lend與keepborrow“借入”，lend“借出”，都表示動作，與時間點連用；keep“保存”，表示狀態(tài)，與時間段連用buy，sell與havebuy“買”，sell“賣”，都表示動作，與時間點連用；have“保存”，表示狀態(tài)，與時間段連用go to bed，go to sleep與sleepgo to bed“上床睡覺”；go to
9、 sleepfall asleep“入睡”，表示動作，與時間點連用；sleepbe asleep“睡著了”，表示狀態(tài)，與時間段連用leave，leave for與be awayleave “離開”；leave for“動身去”，表示動作，與時間點連用；be away“離開了”，表示狀態(tài)，與時間段連用come，go與be income“來”，go“去”，都表示動作，與時間點連用；be in“住在”，表示狀態(tài)，與時間段連用learn與studylearn指“學(xué)習(xí)”具體的技巧或者知識；study表示系統(tǒng)地“學(xué)習(xí)”die與be deaddie“死”，表示動作，與時間點連用；be dead“去世了”，表
10、示狀態(tài)，與時間段連用take與bringtake“帶走”；bring“拿來”have to與musthave to“不得不”，實義動詞，第三人稱單數(shù)形式為has to，過去式為had to，否定形式為dont / doesnt have to；must 必須(無時態(tài)變化)，表示主觀spend，pay for，cost與takespend“花錢，花時間”(人作主語)；pay for“花錢”；cost“花錢”(物作主語)；take“花時間”，常用于句型It takes sb.some time to do sth.“花費某人多長時間做某事”look短語look at“看著”；look for“尋找
11、”；look out“當(dāng)心”；look out of“往外看”；look as“把視作”；look over“仔細檢查”；look through“瀏覽”；look down“往下看，瞧不起”；look upon“往上看，仰視”put短語put on“穿上”；put up“舉手，張貼，搭建”；put off“推遲”；put away“把收起來”；put down“放下”；put.inside“把放進去”give短語give out“散發(fā)”；give away“分發(fā)”；give off“發(fā)出”；give up“放棄”stop固定搭配stop to do“停下來去做”；stop doing“停止不
12、做了”；stop from doing keep from doing“阻止做”forget，remember固定搭配forget(remember) to do“忘記(記得)要做”；forget (remember) doing“忘記(記得)做了”keep，make固定搭配keep doing“使一直做”；make sb.do.“使某人做”考點考點 3 動詞短語動詞短語 以動詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語稱為動詞短語，英語中的動詞短語數(shù)以萬計，起著重要的作用。1 1. .常見的動詞詞組有如下幾種形式：常見的動詞詞組有如下幾種形式：動詞介詞動詞介詞laugh at“嘲笑”；point at“指著”；wor
13、ry about“擔(dān)憂”；agree with“贊成”；ask for“請求”；talk about“談?wù)摗眲釉~副詞動詞副詞pick up“撿起”；grow up“長大”；look out“當(dāng)心”；stay up“熬夜”動詞名詞動詞名詞make progress“取得進步”；make faces“做鬼臉”動詞名詞動詞名詞介詞介詞make friends with.“和交朋友”；give ones life to.“獻身于”動詞副詞動詞副詞介詞介詞stay away from“遠離”；get along with“進展，相處”動詞介詞動詞介詞名詞名詞go to school“去上學(xué)”；go to
14、 bed“上床睡覺”2.常見動詞短語如下：常見動詞短語如下：(1)come短語come on加油come out出版；出現(xiàn)come over來訪 come along出現(xiàn)(2)cut短語cut down削減；砍倒 cut up切碎；抨擊cut out切斷；刪去 cut off切斷；中斷cut in插嘴 cut into打斷；侵犯(3)get短語get to到達 get up起床；起來get over克服 get on進展get off離開 get together相聚get ready for.為做準備(4)make短語make a decision做出決定 make a living謀生ma
15、ke a mistake犯錯 make up組成；構(gòu)成(5)take短語take up占據(jù) take away帶走；拿走take off起飛；脫掉 take down寫下；記下take place發(fā)生 take care of照顧take part in參加 take after與相像(6)turn短語turn on打開 turn off關(guān)閉turn up開大；調(diào)高 turn down調(diào)低；關(guān)小turn in上交 turn out結(jié)果是(7)down短語cut down砍到 fall down落下；摔倒die down逐漸變?nèi)?；逐漸消失pull down拆下；摧毀write down記下tur
16、n down把調(diào)低，關(guān)小lie down躺下break down停止運轉(zhuǎn)；出故障(8)on短語depend on依靠；依賴concentrate on集中注意力decide on視而定；決定于live on以為食；靠為生keep on繼續(xù)(前行) pass on傳遞try on試穿；試試看 rely on依靠(9)out短語blow out吹熄；爆裂break out(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等)突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)bring out使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出check out查明；結(jié)賬 clear out清理；丟掉clean out清除；把打掃干凈cut out刪除；刪去 eat out出去吃飯find out查明；發(fā)現(xiàn)
17、；了解get out出去；離開 hand out分發(fā)；發(fā)放hang out(俚語)閑蕩；閑逛keep out不讓進入 lay out擺開；布置leave out不包括；不提及；忽略point out指出 sell out賣完；售光set out出發(fā)；啟程 try out選拔；試用work out產(chǎn)生結(jié)果；發(fā)展；成功(10)off短語break off突然中止；中斷 shut off關(guān)閉；停止運轉(zhuǎn)set off出發(fā) cut off切除clean off把擦掉(11)up短語bring up教育；培養(yǎng) cheer up慶祝cut up切碎 dress up盛裝打扮fix up維修 grow up長
18、大hang up掛斷電話 hurry up趕快；快一點set up創(chuàng)立；創(chuàng)辦 wake up睡醒；醒來 stay up不睡覺；熬夜十年真題十年真題全練全練 動詞是英語詞匯中最重要的一部分，它們承擔(dān)著各種重要的角色。青島中考主要考查動詞詞性、詞義辨析、還有動詞短語的辨析。在平時的學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)中，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該準確記住動詞的種類與詞義，對于動詞短語也應(yīng)牢記于心，尤其是運用到具體語境中，方便理解記憶。同時，應(yīng)掌握推理法與排除法等解題方法；掌握一些不規(guī)則動詞的各種變換形式的拼寫，從而有助于準確解題。 2018年的中考動詞的命題會面面俱到，分值高。所以同學(xué)們要做好充分的準備?？键c考點 1 動詞的種類動詞的種類1.
19、2017青島，11題These oranges look nice，but _B_ very sour. A.feel B.taste C.sound D.look2.2017青島，12題We should keep quiet in the cinema.We _D_ speak loudly.A.can B.must C.neednt D.mustnt3.2016青島，9題The girl in the classroom _C_ be Sarah.She has gone to the library.A.may B.must C.cant D.neednt4.2015青島，7題The
20、meat on the plate _A_ so delicious.Lets try it together.A.smells B.sounds C.sees D.feels5.2015青島，8題You_D_return the book now.You can keep it until next week if you like.A.have to B.cantC.mustnt D.neednt6.2014青島，14題Where is Jenny?Im not sure.She _C_ in the school library.A.maybe B.must be C.may be D.
21、will be 7.2013青島，7題Excuse me，sir.You _A_ open the door before the train stops.A.mustnt B.needntC.may not D.dont have to8.2012青島，25題Mom，_B_ I hang out with my friends now? Sure，but you _ clean up your bedroom first.A.can；need B.may；have toC.must；need D.need；must9.2010青島，28題Sometimes the ads _B_ but d
22、ont tell you anything about the quality of the product.A.look well B.sound goodC.taste good D.seem bad10.2009青島，21題Is the woman in white our manager?It _C_ be her.She has just left for Shanghai.A.must B.may C.cant D.couldnt考點考點 2 動詞和動詞短語的辨析動詞和動詞短語的辨析11.2017青島，14題You can _D_ the word in the dictionar
23、y if you dont know it.A.give away B.cut off C.take after D.look up12.2016青島，10題Our country is taking action to _A_air pollution.A.cut down B.cut up C.cut out D.cut off13.2015青島，9題They heard the party was_C_because of the exam.A.put on B.put up C.put off D.put down14.2015青島，10題A smile A nothing，but g
24、ives much.A.costs B.spends C.cost D.spend15.2015青島，14題The movie is so interesting that I dont_B_ seeing it again tomorrow.A.enjoy B.mind C.keep D.finish16.2014青島，9題I D the school bus this morning.Luckily，Tonys father gave me a ride.A.took B.caught C.saw D.missed17.2014青島，10題Children these days _D_ t
25、heir parents too much.They should learn how to look after themselves.A.get on B.keep on C.hold on D.depend on18.2013青島，24題He _D_ plenty of money to the people in the earthquake area _. A.put out；to work out well B.handed out；help them out C.gave out；work out well D.gave away；to help them out19.2013青
26、島，9題How much is the ticket to Central Park?A oneway ticket _A_ $40，and you can _ another $20 for a roundtrip.A.costs；pay B.cost；spendC.pay；spend D.spends；pay20.2011青島，35題Some parents might worry that their childrens hobbies can _D_ schoolwork.A.get the way of B.get on the way ofC.get on well with D.
27、get in the way of21.2012青島，34題Students at Green High School often A_ books from their school library and can _ them for a week.A.borrow；keep B.lend；keepC.borrow；borrow D.keep；borrow22.2011青島，28題My car alarm is always _A_ whenever my neighbors cat goes under my car.A.going off B.going out C.breaking
28、down D.setting off23.2010青島，25題What will you do if you see someone _B_ in line?I will say “Would you mind joining the line？”A.wait B.cuts C.waiting D.cut24.2008青島，23題Lots of people in our city_A_the old and the disabled.They usually offer their seats to them on buses or help them cross the road.A.ca
29、re for B.take careC.agree with D.take pride in猜押預(yù)測猜押預(yù)測1.Its said that nuclear power will be used to produce electricity in Xianning. However，nuclear power _ be very dangerous.A.can B.need C.must D.should2.The cheese doesnt _ good.Why dont we go to buy some fresh cheese?Sounds great!A.see B.find C.so
30、und D.taste3.I wonder if these are Dannys glasses.They_be Dannys.He doesnt wear glasses. A.cant B.must C.mustnt D.can4.Could I ride an electric bicycle to school，Mr.Wang?No，you_.Students under the age of 16 arent allowed to ride electric bicycles.A.couldnt B.neednt C.cant D.shouldntAD AC5.There are
31、so many fish swimming in the pool.They _ very happy. A.taste B.smell C.sound D.look6.How long may I _ these books? For a week.A.borrow B.to borrowC.keep D.lend7.Whose bike is it? It _ to me.Its hers.A.isnt belonged B.wasnt belongedC.didnt belong D.doesnt belongCDD8.Hi，Tina！What are you going to do f
32、or the coming summer holiday?I am going to _cooking because I like eating delicious food.A.take down B.take upC.pick up D.clean up9.When will Mr.Green_Beijing?In a week.A.reach B.get C.arrive D.come10.John _ the TV and helped his mother with the housework. A.turned off B.heard from C.joined in D.looked afterBAA
山東省青島市中考英語 第二部分 專題語法 高效突破 專項9 動詞課件
