高考英語(yǔ)易溷易錯(cuò)詞匯、短語(yǔ)辨析.doc
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高考英語(yǔ)易混易錯(cuò)詞匯、短語(yǔ)辨析大全 ? about around round 作副詞時(shí)都含“四處”、“遍地”的意思。 ? about 系常用詞, 如: look about 四處看。 ? around 具有 about 的基本意思, 因此 look about=look around, 但在下列短語(yǔ)里 around沒(méi)有 about正式, 如: travel around 各處旅行 ? round 和 around在非正式用法中可以互換, 但一般用 round時(shí)更簡(jiǎn)練。在正式用語(yǔ)中, 一般用 round指“旋轉(zhuǎn)”, 而用 around指“處處”, “到處”, 如: She turned round at such a noise. 聽(tīng)到這樣的吵聲, 她回頭看。 I have been looking for it all around. 我到處都找過(guò)了。 ? 另外, 英國(guó)人用 round的地方, 美國(guó)人傾向于用 around, 如: [英] Winter comes round. [美] Winter comes around. ? above all;after all;at all ? above all意為“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入語(yǔ),起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。如: But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告訴我該做什么。 A clock must above all keeps good time.時(shí)鐘最重要的是必須走得準(zhǔn)。 ? after all意為“畢竟”、“終究”、“終歸”、“到底”,在句中位置較靈活??晌挥诰涫住⒕渲谢蚓淠?。如: After all,your birthday is only two weeks away.畢竟,兩周后就是你的生日。 He is,after all,a small child.他畢竟還是個(gè)小孩子。 He failed after all.他終于失敗了。 ? at all用于否定句時(shí),意為“絲毫;根本”,用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí)意為“究竟;到底”,用于條件句時(shí),常譯為“當(dāng)真;實(shí)在”。用于肯定句中,表示說(shuō)話人的某種情緒或情感(如懷疑或驚奇等),意為“竟然”等。如: He doesn”t like you at all.他根本不喜歡你。 Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做這件事? If you do it at all,do it well.若你真要做這件事,就得做好。 I was surprised at his coming at all.他竟然來(lái)了,我很驚訝。 ? add; add to; add…to; add up to ? add作“加,增加”解時(shí),既可作及物動(dòng)詞,又可用作不及物動(dòng)詞;作“又說(shuō),補(bǔ)充說(shuō)”解時(shí),與直接或間接引語(yǔ)連用。如: If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water. 如果茶太濃了,再加點(diǎn)開(kāi)水。 After a short while, he added that he would try his best. 過(guò)了一會(huì)兒,他又接著說(shuō)他會(huì)盡力。 ? add to意為“增添,增加,增進(jìn)”。如: The bad weather added to our difficulties. 惡劣的天氣增加了我們的困難。 ? add...to意為“把……加到……”,是把前一項(xiàng)加到后一項(xiàng)之后或之中。如: Add two to seven, and you will get nine.七加二等于九。 ? add up to意為“加起來(lái)總共是/累計(jì)得”,該短語(yǔ)不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如: All his school education added up to no more than one year. 他的學(xué)校教育加起來(lái)不過(guò)一年。 ? affair; thing; matter; business affair意為“事情、事件”, 含義較廣,泛指已做或待做的事;復(fù)數(shù)affairs一般指商業(yè)事務(wù)及政府的日常事務(wù),如財(cái)政管理、外交事務(wù)等。 ? thing意為“事情、事物”,不管大事小事、好事壞事均稱(chēng)為thing,一般不能專(zhuān)指事務(wù);復(fù)數(shù)things還可作“形勢(shì)”解。 ? matter側(cè)重指須留心的要事或問(wèn)題、難題。 ? business作“事務(wù)、事情”解時(shí),一般不能用復(fù)數(shù),常常指所指派的任務(wù)、責(zé)任;有時(shí)說(shuō)的是指派的工作或商業(yè)上的買(mǎi)賣(mài)活動(dòng)。 ? a great deal; a great deal of ? a great deal用作名詞,意為“大量”,“許多”,作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ);用作副詞,意為“很”或“非?!保鳡钫Z(yǔ),修飾動(dòng)詞或用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)比較級(jí)。如: A great deal has been studied and this is the best way. 經(jīng)過(guò)大量研究后,這(被認(rèn)為)是最好的辦法。 We are a great deal cleverer than before. 我們比以前聰明多了。 ? a great deal of意為“大量的”,“非常多的”,相當(dāng)于much,作定語(yǔ),后接不可數(shù)名詞。如: A great deal of time/money/energy has been spent on the project. 大量的時(shí)間/金錢(qián)/能源花在那個(gè)工程上了。 ? agree on;agree to;agree with;agree that ? agree on作“就……取得一致意見(jiàn)”解。例如: The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. 上月,就建一座新汽車(chē)廠之事達(dá)成了協(xié)議。 ? agree to有兩層含義和用法: ? 其一是to作為動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào),其后跟動(dòng)詞原形,作“同意(答應(yīng))做某事”解。 例如: My father agreed to buy a new pen for me. 父親答應(yīng)給我買(mǎi)支新鋼筆。 ? 其二是to作為介詞,之后跟表示“計(jì)劃/條件/建議等一類(lèi)的名詞或代詞”。例如: They have a greed to our plan. 他們已同意我們的計(jì)劃。 ? agree with作“同意某人的意見(jiàn)”解,其后可跟表示人的名詞或代詞,也可跟表示“意見(jiàn)”或“說(shuō)的話”的名詞或從句。例如: He agreed with my opinions. 他同意了我的意見(jiàn)。 We agreed with what he said at the meeting. 我們同意他在會(huì)上講的話。 ? agree that作“認(rèn)為……”解,其后跟賓語(yǔ)從句。例如: I agree that your composition is very good. 我認(rèn)為你的這篇作文寫(xiě)得不錯(cuò)。 ? allow;let 二者均可作“允許”解,但各有側(cè)重: ? allow重在“允許”或“容許”,也可表示客氣的請(qǐng)求。例如: He allowed me to take his dictionary.他允許我拿走他的詞典。 Will you allow me to use your bike? 我可以用你的自行車(chē)嗎? ? let作“允許”或“讓”解,主要用于口語(yǔ),一般可與allow互換。作“允許”解時(shí),常暗含“聽(tīng)任”、“默許”之意;作“讓”解時(shí),常含“祈使”或“建議”之意。注意:let之后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式不帶to,且不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),而allow則相反。例如: Please let me walk with you(=Please allow me to walk with you.).我(請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我)跟你一起走。注:allow常用于allow sb.to do sth.或allow doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中。 ? although; though; as 三者均可表示“盡管;雖然”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。although用法較正式,語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng);though較常用;as則主要用于倒裝句。它們的用法有如下幾點(diǎn)值得注意: ? 狀語(yǔ)從句由although, though或as引導(dǎo),主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列連詞,但可有yet或still等副詞。although與though??苫Q。例如: Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act. 他雖然相信它,但卻不肯有所行動(dòng)。 ? as表示“盡管;雖然”,只能用于倒裝句,即:將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在as之前。though也可這么用。例如: Young as/though he is, he knows a lot. 他雖然年紀(jì)不大,卻懂得很多。 注意:如果表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞,要省略a。例如: Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages. 雖然他是個(gè)孩子,但他會(huì)說(shuō)兩門(mén)外語(yǔ)。 ? though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although卻不能。例如: They said they would come; they did not, though. 他們說(shuō)他們會(huì)來(lái),可是他們并沒(méi)有來(lái)。 ? although只用來(lái)陳述“事實(shí)”,不能表示“假設(shè)”。因此可以說(shuō)even though“即使”以及as though“好像(=as if)”,不能說(shuō)even although或as although。例如: I believe you are on duty—even though you”re in plain clothes. 盡管你穿著便衣,我相信你是在值勤。 ? among/between 這兩個(gè)介詞都有“在……之間”的意思。between常用于兩者之間;among一般指三者或三者以上之間。若指三個(gè)以上人或物中的每?jī)蓚€(gè)之間時(shí),仍然要用between。 例如:The girl walked between her father and mother.這個(gè)女孩走在她父親和母親之間。 She is the tallest among her classmates.她在她同學(xué)之間是最高的。 Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany. 瑞士位于法國(guó)、意大利、奧地利和德國(guó)之間。 ? argue debate dispute 都含“辯論”的意思。 ? argue 著重“說(shuō)理”、“論證”和“企圖說(shuō)服”, 如: I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason. 我和她辯論了好久, 但她還是不聽(tīng)。 ? debate 著重“雙方各述己見(jiàn)”, 內(nèi)含“交鋒”的意思, 如: We have been debating about the issue. 我們一直在就這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行辯論。 ? dispute 指“激烈爭(zhēng)辯”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解決”之意,如: Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed.他是否當(dāng)選為主席, 仍然有爭(zhēng)論。 ? argue;quarrel;discuss 這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞均有“爭(zhēng)”的意思,但“爭(zhēng)”法不同。 ? argue著重就自己的看法或觀點(diǎn),提出論證,同他人“爭(zhēng)論”或“辯論”。例如: We heard them arguing in the other room.我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他們?cè)诹硪粋€(gè)房間里爭(zhēng)論。 另外,argue同with搭配,其后接人;與about連用,其后接事物。例如: We argued with them about this problem for a long time.這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們同他們辯論了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。 ? quarrel是指對(duì)某事不喜歡或強(qiáng)烈不滿(mǎn)而發(fā)生的“爭(zhēng)吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配,其后接某人;和about連用,其后接某事。例如: He often quarrels about their housework with his wife.他常為家務(wù)事同妻子爭(zhēng)吵。 ? discuss是指認(rèn)真交換自己的意見(jiàn)或看法的“討論”。例如: We”ll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow.明天我們將討論冠詞的用法。 ? as (so) far as; as (so) long as ? as(so)far as的意思是“就……而言(所知)”,as (so) far as sth.is concerned是其中一種具體用法,意為“就某事而言”;as (so) long as意為“只要”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如: As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs. 就我所知,一千多萬(wàn)下崗工人已經(jīng)找到了新的工作。 There is nothing that we can”t do so / as long as we keep on trying to do it. 只要我們不斷地努力去做,就沒(méi)有什么事干不成。 As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go. 就中國(guó)的旅游業(yè)而言,需要做的工作還很多。 ? asleep/sleeping 二者都是形容詞。asleep僅用作表語(yǔ),不能作定語(yǔ),表示“睡著,熟睡”的意思;而sleeping一般只能用作定語(yǔ),放在名詞前,表示“睡眠中的,休止的”意思。 如:我們不能說(shuō):an asleep baby,但可以說(shuō):a sleeping baby(一個(gè)熟睡的嬰兒)。 再如:He was asleep with his head on his arms.他頭枕著手臂在熟睡。 a sleeping dog正在熟睡的狗 sleeping car臥車(chē) sleeping bag睡袋 ? assert,affirm,maintain ? assert宣稱(chēng)、斷言,常指某人主觀自信,堅(jiān)持己見(jiàn),有時(shí)不顧客觀事實(shí)而斷言下結(jié)論。? affirm指以事實(shí)為依據(jù),深信不疑地肯定某種觀點(diǎn)或看法。? maintain指在相反的證據(jù)或論點(diǎn)面前,重申原來(lái)的某種觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)。 A.Despite all the policeman”s questions the suspect ___ that he had been at home all evening. B.It is nonsense to ___ that smoking does not damage people”s health. C.Throughout his prison sentence Dunn has always ___ his innocence. Answers:A. affirmed affirmed assert assert maintained ? as though;even though;though ? as though(=as if),意為“好像;似乎”,引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句。如: He spoke as though(as if)he had been here before.他說(shuō)話的口氣好像他以前來(lái)過(guò)這里。 It looks as if(as though)it is going to rain.看起來(lái)好像要下雨。 ? even though(=even if),意為“即使”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。though也引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“雖然”;even though有退一步設(shè)想的意味,與though不同。though引導(dǎo)的句子所說(shuō)的是事實(shí),even though引導(dǎo)的句子所說(shuō)的則不一定是事實(shí)。例如: He will not tell the secret even though(even if)he knows it.即使他知道這個(gè)秘密,他也不肯說(shuō)出來(lái)。 He will not tell the secret though he knows it.他雖然知道這個(gè)秘密,但他不會(huì)說(shuō)出來(lái)。 ? at the beginning;in the beginning ? at the beginning 在……初;在……開(kāi)始的時(shí)候。常與of連用。例如: Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term. 學(xué)生們?cè)陂_(kāi)學(xué)初制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。 ? in the beginning 相當(dāng)于at first,表示“起初、開(kāi)始”時(shí),含“起初是這種情況,而后來(lái)卻不是這種情況”之意,不與of連用。例如: In the beginning,some of us took no interest in physics. 起初我們有些人對(duì)物理不感興趣。 ? attack assail assault charge beset ? 都含有"攻擊"的意思。 ? attack 是常用詞, 指"攻擊敵人"或"用言論攻擊他人", 如: Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941. 德國(guó)在1941年開(kāi)始進(jìn)攻蘇聯(lián)。 ? assail 指"猛烈連續(xù)地攻擊", 如: The enemy plane assailed our defence position. 敵機(jī)不斷猛烈地攻擊我們的陣地。 ? assault 語(yǔ)氣比 assail強(qiáng), 指"突然猛烈地進(jìn)攻", 暗示"武力的直接接觸" (如肉搏等), 也有"暴力"的意思, 如:The enemy assaulted us at dawn. 敵人在黎明時(shí)向我進(jìn)攻。 ? charge 指"沖擊"或"騎兵的突然攻擊", 如: The cavalry charged to the front. 騎兵猛烈向前線沖擊。 ? beset 指"圍攻", 即從各個(gè)方向攻擊, 如: In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes. 在沼澤地里, 我們受到蚊子的圍攻。 ? at the age of/by the age of ? at the age of表示“在……歲時(shí)”,后面接基數(shù)詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)某一時(shí)刻的情況或動(dòng)作,用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如: At the age of six,he began to learn English.他六歲的時(shí)候開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)。 She learned to play the piano at the age often.她十歲的時(shí)候?qū)W彈鋼琴。 ? by the age of表示“到……歲的時(shí)候”、“在……歲以前”,后面接基數(shù)詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)到某一時(shí)刻為止的結(jié)果,用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)或?qū)?lái)完成時(shí),作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如: By the age of sixteen,he had learned to drive a car.到十六歲的時(shí)候,他已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了開(kāi)小汽車(chē)。 You will have learned more than 2000 English words by the age of fourteen. 到你十四歲的時(shí)候,你將學(xué)會(huì)2000多個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。 ? at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time ? at the time通常用于過(guò)去時(shí)句子中,指某件事情發(fā)生的“當(dāng)時(shí)”、“那時(shí)”。例如: Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time. 當(dāng)時(shí),許多人都看到了這件奇怪的事情的發(fā)生。 ? 有時(shí),at the time的后面可接“of...”短語(yǔ)。這時(shí),它表示“在(某事態(tài))發(fā)生的時(shí)候”或“在……的時(shí)代”。例如: Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989﹖ 1989年舊金山發(fā)生地震時(shí),你在那里嗎? It happened at the time of King Alfred. 事情發(fā)生在阿爾弗雷德國(guó)王時(shí)期。 ? at that time 則通常指前文明確提到的某個(gè)時(shí)期、時(shí)候。通常其后不帶“of...”短語(yǔ)。例如: In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan.At that time (=At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded. ? at one time=during a period of time in the past意為“過(guò)去有一段時(shí)期”,“曾經(jīng)”。例如: They used to be good friends at one time. 他們?cè)?jīng)是好朋友。 ? at a time則意為“一次”,表示一個(gè)時(shí)間單位。它常與表示數(shù)量的詞語(yǔ)連用,表示頻率。例如: Don”t speak all at once.One at a time, please. 不要同時(shí)一起說(shuō)。一次只一個(gè)人說(shuō)。 Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time. 這些藥每天服三次,每次服三粒。 ? at ... speed / with ... speed ? at the speed of或者at ... speed,意為“以……的速度”。而當(dāng)speed被all, lightning, great等修飾時(shí),介詞應(yīng)用with。我們可用一句口訣來(lái)幫助記憶:都(all)以閃電般(lightning)大(great)的速度行駛。如: Our car was running with all speed on the expressway. 我們的車(chē)在高速公路上全速行駛。 The Long March No.2 Rocket sent up the satellite into space at the speed of 11.2 kilometers per second. 長(zhǎng)征二號(hào)火箭以每秒鐘11.2公里的速度將衛(wèi)星發(fā)射到太空。 B 回目錄 ? because/since/as/for? 這四個(gè)詞都是表示原因或理由的連接詞,但是as,because,since是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,for是并列連詞,所引導(dǎo)的不是原因狀語(yǔ)從句,而是表示理由的對(duì)等句子,是對(duì)前面所講內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充和說(shuō)明。在語(yǔ)氣上由強(qiáng)至弱依次為because→since→as→for。because引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句末,表示直接的原因或理由,表示產(chǎn)生那種結(jié)果的必然的因果關(guān)系,在回答why的提問(wèn)時(shí),必須用because作答。 如:We stayed at home because it rained.因?yàn)橄掠晡覀兇粼诩依铩? ? as與since引導(dǎo)的從句多置于句首,不過(guò)as表示十分明顯的原因,只說(shuō)明一般的因果關(guān)系,可譯為“因?yàn)?、由于”;而since則表示稍加分析、對(duì)方已知的原因,一般可譯為“既然”。如: As he was not feeling well,I decided to go there alone.由于他身體欠佳,我決定獨(dú)自去那里。 Since everyone is here,let”s start.既然大家都到了,咱們就開(kāi)始吧。 ? for引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句末,其前用逗號(hào),它所敘述的理由是間接的,即推測(cè)性理由,或是對(duì)前面敘述的事實(shí)或看法的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。如: There must be nobody in the classroom,for the light is off. 教室里一定沒(méi)有人,因?yàn)闊魷缌恕#ㄍ茰y(cè)性理由) ? believe;believe in ? believe作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其后可跟名詞,表示“相信”;后接從句或復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)時(shí),表示“認(rèn)為;料想;相信”等。如: I believe what he says.我相信他的話。 I believe that he will succeed.我相信他會(huì)成功的。 ? believe in 是一個(gè)動(dòng)介型短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,表示“信奉;信仰”(指對(duì)某種思想、主張、觀念、行動(dòng)具有信心)和“信任(have trust in)”。如: They believe in God.他們信仰上帝。 I believe in having plenty of exercise.我相信多鍛煉有好處。 ? believe和believe in后均可接表示人的名詞或代詞,但含義不同。試比較: I believe in him(I think he is a trustworthy man).我信任他。 I believe him.(I believe what he says).我相信他的話。 ? belief faith trust confidence 都含有“相信”的意思。 ? belief 指“承認(rèn)某事是真的, 盡管有或沒(méi)有確鑿的證據(jù)”, 如: belief in ghosts. 相信有鬼。 ? faith 指“認(rèn)為有確鑿證據(jù)或道理而完全相信”, 如: I have faith in his ability to succeed. 我相信他有成功的能力。 ? trust 指“信賴(lài)”、“信任”, 含有“堅(jiān)定的信念”的意思, 如: enjoy the trust of the people 得到人民的信任。 ? confidence 指“在有證據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上相信”, 也常指“自信”、“有把握”, 如: She has great confidence in her success. 她對(duì)自己的成功充滿(mǎn)信心。 ? besides;except;but ? 三者都可以用作介詞。用于肯定句中時(shí),except/but意為“除……外(不再有)”;besides意為“除……外(還有)”。請(qǐng)比較: All of them have seen the film except/but Wu Dong. 除了吳東外,他們都看過(guò)了那部影片。 All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong. 除了吳東看過(guò)那部影片外,他們也都看過(guò)了。 ? except后接名詞、代詞、-ing或不定式時(shí),可以與but互換;except后接副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí),一般不能為but所替換。如: I”ll do everything except/but cook. 除了做飯,我什么事情都干。 This window is never opened except in summer. 除了在夏天,這個(gè)窗子從不打開(kāi)。 ? 用在否定句中,三者可以互換。如: There aren”t any other people to do the work except/but/besides you. 除了你,沒(méi)人能做這工作。 ? be anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about ;be anxious that? be anxious to表示“急于”、“渴望”,其中to是不定式符號(hào),后面接動(dòng)詞原形; ? be anxious for表示“渴望”,后面接名詞或代詞時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事;后面接sb.to do sth.時(shí),表示“渴望某人能做某事”,其中for sb.to do sth.是不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 ? be anxious about 表示“對(duì)…感到不安”、“為…擔(dān)心”、“為…憂慮”;? be anxious that表示“渴望”,后面接從句,that從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣; [EXERCISES] ①I(mǎi) ____ the result of the examination. ②We ____ know the result of the examination. ③We ____ Mr Liu to help us with our English. ④Mr Li ____ a new car. ⑤They ____ arrive home before dark. (Key: ①am anxious about/for for ②are anxious to are anxious to ③are anxious for are anxious for④is anxious for ⑤are anxious to) 1) The girl ____ a new dictionary. 2) All the students ____ their results of this examination. 3) Everyone _____ know their results of the competition. 4) We ___M(jìn)r Zhao to return. 5) We _____ she should do her best. Key: 1) was/is anxious for is anxious for 2) are anxious about 3) is anxious to?。゛re anxious for 5) are anxious that ? be known as; be known for; be known to; be known in ? be known as 意為“作為……而著名”,其后的名詞表示一個(gè)人的身份、職業(yè)等。如: Liu Huan is known as a singer.劉歡作為一個(gè)歌手而出名。 We”re sure you”ll be well-known as an artist.我們相信你會(huì)成為一位著名的畫(huà)家。 ? be known for 意為“因……而著名”,其后所接內(nèi)容表示某人或物的特點(diǎn)、特長(zhǎng)等。如: Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.桂林因其美麗的山水而聞名。 Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day. 蓋爾多夫先生因在同一天組織兩場(chǎng)大型的流行音樂(lè)會(huì)而出名。 ? be known to “為……所了解/知道”,其后接表示人的詞語(yǔ)?!埃ㄈ藗兌迹┲馈?,其后接動(dòng)詞原形。如: He is known to all in our village.村子里的人都了解他。 He was known to have invented many things.=It was known that he had invented many things. 人們都知道他已經(jīng)發(fā)明了很多東西。 ? be known in 意為“在某地很著名”。如: He is well-known in the town where he was born. 他在自己出生的那個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子上很出名。 ? be made of/be made in/be made from/be made by/be made up of ? be made of表示“由……制成”,指從原料到制成品,只發(fā)生了形狀變化,沒(méi)有發(fā)生本質(zhì)變化(屬物理變化)。 ? be made in當(dāng)后面接時(shí)間的數(shù)詞或名詞時(shí),表示“某物何時(shí)制造的或何時(shí)產(chǎn)的”。當(dāng)后面接指地點(diǎn)的名詞時(shí),表示“某地產(chǎn)某物”。 ? be made from表示“由……制成”,指從原料到制成品,發(fā)生了質(zhì)的變化,已無(wú)法復(fù)原(屬化學(xué)變化)。 ? be made by表示“由……制做”,后面接指人的名詞或代詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 ? be made up of表示“由……構(gòu)成(組成)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)由兩部分或兩個(gè)以上的部分構(gòu)成或組成。 【練習(xí)】用be made in,be made of,be made from,be made by或be made up of填空。 ①This bike This bik Tianjin. ②This table wood. ③The car 1999. ④Paper wood. ⑤The kite The kit my mother. ⑥The team ten members. 【Keys】was made in; is made of ;was made in ;is made from;was made by;is made up of? be used for/be used as/be used by ? be used for表示“被用作……”或“被用來(lái)作……”,后面接名詞或v-ing,其中for表示目的。 ? be used as表示“作為……而用”或“用作……”,后面接名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式,強(qiáng)調(diào)使用的工具及手段。 ? be used by表示“由……使用”,后面接指人的名詞或代詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)使用者。 【練習(xí)】用be used for,be used as或be used by填空。 ①A telephone A telephon better communication(交流). ②The motorbike Liu Ming. ③A ruler often a knife by him to cut a piece of paper open. 【Keys】is used for;is used by;is,used as ? be pleased with; be pleased at(或about);be pleased to 1) The manager ___ you before. 2) My boss must ___ see you again in HongKong. 3) I ___ seeing so many students present. 4) I hear Mr Zhao ___ your article. 析: ①was pleased with。表示“對(duì)……滿(mǎn)意;喜歡……”后面通常接指人的名詞或代詞。 ②be pleased to。表示“很高興或很樂(lè)意做某事”,其中to是不定式符號(hào),后面接動(dòng)詞原形。 ③am pleased at(或about)。be pleased at(或about)表示“對(duì)(看到或聽(tīng)到的)事感到高興,”后面接指事的名詞或v-ing。 ?、躨s pleased at(或about)。解析同③。 ? be to do sth;be about to do sth;be going to do sth. ? be to do sth.表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,后可跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如: You”re to hand in your papers by 10 o”clock.十點(diǎn)鐘以前你得交上試卷。 ? be about to do sth.表示打算或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,它通常不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如: I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door.我正要出去,這時(shí)有人敲門(mén)。 ? be going to do sth.有三層含義: ①表示打算、計(jì)劃或決定要做某事。如: We”re going to spend our holidays in Wales this year. 今年我們打算到威爾士度假。 ②用以表示某事物即將發(fā)生或很可能發(fā)生。如: I”m going to be twenty next month. 下個(gè)月我就二十歲了。 ③有跡象表明即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如: Look at those black clouds, there is going to be a storm. 瞧那些烏云,暴風(fēng)雨就要來(lái)了。 ? beat; strike; hit ? strike通常表示“打一下、打若干下”,不一定都是有意的;還有“打動(dòng)、使……著迷、某種想法突然閃現(xiàn)在腦海里”的含義;也可指“打、擦出(火),(蛇、獸)抓,咬,或(鐘)敲響”。 ? hit指“打中”或“對(duì)準(zhǔn)……來(lái)打”,“敲打或打擊對(duì)方的某一點(diǎn)”。 ? beat著重“連續(xù)地打擊”。如:毆打或體罰;也指在游戲、競(jìng)賽或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中擊敗對(duì)方;也指“心跳”。 ? blame; scold blame“責(zé)備;責(zé)怪”,指某人應(yīng)對(duì)自己不好的行為負(fù)責(zé)(常與for連用),或?qū)⒛臣缓玫氖虑闅w咎于他人(常與on或upon連用),往往含有把自己當(dāng)作評(píng)判人來(lái)評(píng)判某事,沒(méi)有用言語(yǔ)來(lái)進(jìn)行責(zé)罵的意思。例如: He blamed Tom for the failure. 他責(zé)怪湯姆造成了失敗。 Don”t blame it on him, but on me. 別怪他,該怪我。 ? scold“責(zé)罵”,指嘮嘮叨叨地?cái)?shù)說(shuō)某人,多用于上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)、長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩的“責(zé)罵”。例如: Don”t scold the child.It”s not his fault. 不要責(zé)罵那孩子,這不是他的過(guò)失。 I hate to scold, son, but you mustn”t stay out so late at night. 我不喜歡斥責(zé),孩子,可你不該呆在外面那么晚不回家。 ? blow down; blow in; blow off; blow over ? blow down表示“吹倒”、“刮倒”;blow in表示“吹進(jìn)”、“吹入”;blow off表示“吹掉”、“炸掉”、“發(fā)泄”;blow over表示“暴風(fēng)雨 吹散”、“過(guò)去”、“結(jié)束”。 [EXERCISES] 1) The high winds yesterday _____ thousands of trees. 2) We sometimes had quarrels, but they soon _____. 3) I had my hat ____ by the wind. 4) A lot of dust ____.You must clear it away. Key: 1) blew down Key: 1) blew down 2) blew over 3) blown off 4) has blown i ? break up; break down; break out; break into; break in; break away; break through ? break up表示“打碎”、“變壞”、“分解”、“終止”、“破裂”。 ? break down表示“瓦解”、“分解”、“失敗”、“出故障”、“破壞”、“拆毀”。 ? break out表示“爆發(fā)”、“突然發(fā)生”。 ? break into表示“強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入”、“闖入”、“破門(mén)而入”、“打斷(談話、討論)”、“突然……起來(lái)”。 ? break in表示“闖入”、“打斷”、“插嘴”,其中in是副詞。 ? break away表示“脫逃”、“脫離”、“突然離開(kāi)”、“革除”、“戒除”,常與from連用。 ? break through表示“戰(zhàn)勝”、“突圍”、“穿過(guò)……而出現(xiàn)”、“突破”。 [練] ①He said his computer _____. ②Those old cars will be ____ for scrap(廢鐵). ③Last night somebody ____ Mr Brown”s house and took away many things. ④A fire ____ after we had gone home. ⑤The boy often ____ while his parents are speaking. ⑥You must ____ from bad habits. ⑦After the heavy rain the sun ____ the clouds. ⑧A thief ____ and stole a lot of things last night. ⑨Tom ____the motor bike which he bought five years ago. ⑩The ice began to ____ on the river. (Key:①had broken down had broken down ②broken up broken up ③broke into broke into ④broke out broke out ⑤breaks in breaks in?、辀reak away y ⑦broke through broke through ⑧broke in broke in ⑨broke down broke down ⑩break up) ? bring on;bring in;bring out ? bring on 使發(fā)生;引起;端上(飯菜)。如: Tom often brings on meals and his brother,Jim picks up the dishes after meals. 湯姆常常端上飯菜,(而)他弟弟吉姆飯后收拾碗碟。 The sudden cold weather brought on his cold again. 天氣突然變冷,使他再次感冒。 ? bring in 引來(lái);引進(jìn);吸收。如: His new business brings in 1,000 dollars. 他的新生意使他賺了一千美元。 We also brought in some words from English. 我們也從英語(yǔ)中吸收了一些詞匯。 ? bring out 取出;說(shuō)出;闡明;出版。如: He brought out his gun and pointed at me.他掏出槍來(lái)指著我。 Bring out the meaning more clearly.請(qǐng)把意思講清楚些。 They have brought out a set of children”s books.他們出版了一套兒童讀物。 ? bring down; bring back; bring up; bring in ? bring down表示“使倒下”、“減少”、“降低(價(jià)格、溫度)”;? bring back表示“使回想起”、“歸還”、“帶回來(lái)”;? bring up表示“嘔吐出”、“養(yǎng)育”;? bring in表示“把......引進(jìn)來(lái)”、“賺入”、“獲利”、“把......拿進(jìn)來(lái)”、“吸收”。 [EXERCISES] 1) Her singing _____ memories of my mother. 2) They also ____ some words from their own languages. 3) The wind ____ a number of trees. 4) He _____ all he had eaten. 5) Can you try to get them to ____ the price﹖ 6) All library books must be ____ before June 25. 7) Mr White ____ $500 a week. 8) You must manage to _____ the temperature. Key: 1) brings back Key: 1) brings back 2) brought in 3) brought down 4) brought up 5) bring down ) brought back ) brought back 7) is bringing in 8) bring down ? broad; wide ? 兩者都表示兩邊或兩點(diǎn)之間的距離都有“寬的”之意, 但broad著重某物覆蓋面的范圍 (如肩、背、胸等的寬),還可表示“寬宏大量”;wide著重指邊沿間相隔的距離以及“廣泛”之意。如: Looking at the new-type camera, the young man with broad shoulders was surprised with his mouth wide open. 看著那個(gè)新型相機(jī),那個(gè)肩寬背闊的年輕人驚奇得張大了嘴巴。 He”s a broad-minded person; he”ll never be disappointed by such a small failure. 他是個(gè)心胸寬廣的人;決不會(huì)因?yàn)槟敲匆淮涡⌒〉氖《械绞? ? but/however? 這兩個(gè)連詞都有“但是,可是,然而”之意。but連接兩個(gè)分句或有關(guān)部分,表示轉(zhuǎn)折或邏輯上的對(duì)比關(guān)系,使用最廣,口語(yǔ)中更為常見(jiàn)。如: We love peace but we are not afraid of war.我們熱愛(ài)和平,但我們并不害怕戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 ? however轉(zhuǎn)折意味比but弱,連接的兩個(gè)分句或有關(guān)部分的關(guān)系較為松弛,后一部分常起附帶說(shuō)明或襯托作用。however常以插入語(yǔ)形式出現(xiàn)在句子中間,前后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),也可置于句首或句末。如: Later,however,he decided to go.可是后來(lái)他決定去了。 ?- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題本站不予受理。
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