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Classification and composition of machine tool fixture
Machine tool fixture is a machine tool to the clamping workpiece on a device (and guide tool). Its role is the workpiece positioning, in order to make correct position of the workpiece relative to the machine tool and tool, and the workpiece clamping reliably
Clamp the classification
(1) General universal fixture is to point to have standardized, within a certain range can be used for machining different workpiece fixture. On the lathe, for example, three jaw chuck and four jaw chuck, flat pliers on the milling machine and dividing head, rotary table and so on. This type of fixture generally produced by professional factories, often used as a machine tool accessory provides to the user. Is characterized by wide adaptability, low production efficiency, mainly is suitable for single piece and small batch production.
(2) Special fixture special fixture is designed for a particular artifact a procedure specially designed fixture. Is characterized by compact structure, quick, convenient operation, energy saving, can guarantee the high machining precision and production efficiency, but the design and manufacturing cycle is long, the manufacture cost is higher also. When the product changes, the fixture will be scrapped due to unable to use. Is only applicable to the product fixed and batch production of larger.
(3) General adjustable clamp and group Its characteristic is part of the fixture elements can be replaced, part of the device can be adjusted, so as to adapt to different parts of processing. Used in (5) the pallet Pallet is a use of jig automatic line. The fixture should not only have the effect of the clamping workpiece, and along the automatic line and artifacts as a whole from one location to the next station, processing for different processes. Similar parts group machining fixture used, called group clamps. General adjustable fixture compared with group clamps, processing object is not very clear, some of which has more extensively applicable scope is.
(4) Dr Modular fixture mirror combination fixture combination fixture refers to the processing requirements, according to the parts manufactured by a prior good standard components and parts assembled fixture. Made by professional manufacturers, its characteristic is flexibility, versatility is strong, short manufacturing cycle, components can be used repeatedly, especially suitable for the manufacture of new products and sheet small batch production.
(5) The pallet Pallet is a use of jig automatic line. The fixture should not only have the effect of the clamping workpiece, and along the automatic line and artifacts as a whole from one location to the next station, processing for different processes.
Machine tool fixture component
(1) Positioning components It contact with the workpiece positioning base phase, is used to determine the workpiece in the fixture in the right position, thus ensuring the processing workpiece relative to the cutting tool and machine tool processing movement relatively correct position.
(2) The clamping device Used for clamping workpieces, when cutting the workpiece in the fixture hold his position.
(3) The knife, boot device, or device The role of these components is to ensure that the correct position between the workpiece and cutting tool. Used to determine the cutting tool in the correct position before processing elements, known as the knife components, such as the knife block. Used to determine the cutting tool position [1] and direct cutting tool for processing elements, known as direct element.
(4) Connected components at the interface between fixture and machine tool components, ensure the position relationship between machine tool and fixture.
(5) Concrete used to connect to or fixed clamp on the components and devices, make it become the basis of a whole piece. It is related to machine parts to connect, to decide, make the relative machine tool fixture to determine the location of the.
(6) Other components and devices Some jig according to the requirements of the workpiece processing, want to have a dividing
These components, and not for each machine tool fixture is be short of one cannot, but any fixture must have positioning device and clamping device, which is the key to guarantee the machining accuracy of workpiece, the purpose is to make the workpiece probable, clip.mechanism, milling jig have positioning keys, etc.
機(jī)床夾具的分類及組成
機(jī)床夾具是機(jī)床上用以裝夾工件（和引導(dǎo)刀具）的一種裝置。其作用是將工件定位，以使工件獲得相對(duì)于機(jī)床和刀具的正確位置，并把工件可靠地夾緊。
夾具的分類
（1）通用夾具 通用夾具是指已經(jīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的，在一定范圍內(nèi)可用于加工不同工件的夾具。例如，車床上三爪卡盤和四爪單動(dòng)卡盤，銑床上的平口鉗、分度頭和回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)等。這類夾具一般由專業(yè)工廠生產(chǎn)，常作為機(jī)床附件提供給用戶。其特點(diǎn)是適應(yīng)性廣，生產(chǎn)效率低，主要適用于單件、小批量的生產(chǎn)中。
（2） 專用夾具 專用夾具是指專為某一工件的某道工序而專門設(shè)計(jì)的夾具。其特點(diǎn)是結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，操作迅速、方便、省力，可以保證較高的加工精度和生產(chǎn)效率，但設(shè)計(jì)制造周期較長(zhǎng)、制造費(fèi)用也較高。當(dāng)產(chǎn)品變更時(shí)，夾具將由于無(wú)法再使用而報(bào)廢。只適用于產(chǎn)品固定且批量較大的生產(chǎn)中。
（3） 通用可調(diào)夾具和成組夾具 其特點(diǎn)是夾具的部分元件可以更換，部分裝置可以調(diào)整，以適應(yīng)不同零件的加工。用于相似零件的成組加工所用的夾具，稱為成組夾具。通用可調(diào)夾具與成組夾具相比，加工對(duì)象不很明確，適用范圍更廣一些。
（ 4）組合夾具 組合夾具組合夾具是指按零件的加工要求，由一套事先制造好的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)元件和部件組裝而成的夾具。由專業(yè)廠家制造，其特點(diǎn)是靈活多變，萬(wàn)能性強(qiáng)，制造周期短、元件能反復(fù)使用，特別適用于新產(chǎn)品的試制和單件小批生產(chǎn)。
（5）隨行夾具 隨行夾具是一種在自動(dòng)線上使用的夾具。該夾具既要起到裝夾工件的作用，又要與工件成為一體沿著自動(dòng)線從一個(gè)工位移到下一個(gè)工位，進(jìn)行不同工序的加工。
機(jī)床夾具的組成
(1)定位元件 它與工件的定位基準(zhǔn)相接觸，用于確定工件在夾具中的正確位置，從而保證加工時(shí)工件相對(duì)于刀具和機(jī)床加工運(yùn)動(dòng)間的相對(duì)正確位置。
(2)夾緊裝置 用于夾緊工件，在切削時(shí)使工件在夾具中保持既定位置。
(3)對(duì)刀、引導(dǎo)元件或裝置 這些元件的作用是保證工件與刀具之間的正確位置。用于確定刀具在加工前正確位置的元件，稱為對(duì)刀元件，如對(duì)刀塊。用于確定刀具位置并導(dǎo)引刀具進(jìn)行加工的元件，稱為導(dǎo)引元件。
(4)連接元件 使夾具與機(jī)床相連接的元件，保證機(jī)床與夾具之間的相互位置關(guān)系。
(5)夾具體 用于連接或固定夾具上各元件及裝置，使其成為一個(gè)整體的基礎(chǔ)件。它與機(jī)床有關(guān)部件進(jìn)行連接、對(duì)定，使夾具相對(duì)機(jī)床具有確定的位置。
(6)其它元件及裝置 有些夾具根據(jù)工件的加工要求，要有分度機(jī)構(gòu)，銑床夾具還要有定位鍵等。
以上這些組成部分，并不是對(duì)每種機(jī)床夾具都是缺一不可的，但是任何夾具都必須有定位元件和夾緊裝置，它們是保證工件加工精度的關(guān)鍵，目的是使工件定準(zhǔn)、夾牢。