高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 題型突破 專題15 語法填空（二）對(duì)點(diǎn)特訓(xùn)

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專題15 語法填空（二） 語法填空(二) A (2016遼寧沈陽高三質(zhì)量監(jiān)測)Hardly can you succeed 1.in doing something perfectly the first time you do it. 2.Therefore/Thus,_when you do something for the first time, it is time to give up the idea of perfection. I remember the first time I 3.drove(drive) a car in traffic after getting my drivers license. I was very nervous in that heavy traffic—my driving style showed that I wasnt a very confident driver. Now Im much more 4.experienced(experience) as a driver. 5.Though/Although/While I still dont consider myself a perfect one, Im much more confident behind the wheel than 6.what I was when I started. In general, 7.it is useless to work hard for doing something perfectly when you do it for the first time. You are setting the bar so high that you just feel bad when you are 8.unable(able) to meet the level you have set. Also, perfection is just another way 9.to_delay(delay), so trying to be perfect is just 10.a waste of time. You should work hard for excellence instead. A 體裁：夾敘夾議文　題材：人生哲理　主題：第一次不要苛求完美 語篇導(dǎo)讀：本文利用自己的經(jīng)歷來說明第一次做某事的時(shí)候不要追求完美，追求完美不僅會(huì)耽誤事情，也會(huì)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 1．【解析】　考查介詞。句意：第一次做某件事的時(shí)候是幾乎不可能做到完美的。succeed in doing sth.成功做某事。 2．【解析】　句意：因此，當(dāng)你第一次做某事的時(shí)候，也就是你要放棄完美的時(shí)候。根據(jù)兩個(gè)句子之間的關(guān)系可知，此處應(yīng)是表示結(jié)果的副詞，又因?yàn)榭崭窈竺娴臉?biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是逗號(hào)，故填Therefore或Thus。 【誤區(qū)診斷】此處易錯(cuò)填So，雖然意思成立。但是so后面通常不加標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。 3．【解析】　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我記得在我拿到駕照后第一次開車。句中的the first time引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句描述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，所以要用一般過去時(shí)，故填drove。 4．【解析】　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：現(xiàn)在我開車熟練多了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)是形容詞作表語。 5．【解析】　考查連詞。句意：雖然我現(xiàn)在仍然認(rèn)為自己不完美，但是現(xiàn)在比剛開始開車的時(shí)候自信了很多。句子前后兩部分是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)填引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞，故填Though/Although/While。 【狀元點(diǎn)撥拓展】as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的用法 當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，一定要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，需要把句子中的名詞、形容詞，有時(shí)會(huì)是動(dòng)詞原形提到句首。 6.【解析】　考查表語從句。句意見上一題解析。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句意可知than后面的句子中缺少表語，故填連接代詞what。 7．【解析】　考查代詞。句意：通常情況下，當(dāng)你第一次做某事時(shí)，努力要做到完美是沒有用的。It is useless to do sth.做某事是沒有用的，為固定句型，it是形式主語，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式是真正的主語。 8．【解析】　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：你設(shè)定的目標(biāo)太高，以至于當(dāng)你不能達(dá)到這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)，你會(huì)感到難過。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)該是表示否定的意思，所以要用able的反義詞unable。 9．【解析】　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：而且，完美是另外一種耽誤時(shí)間的方式……way意為“方式，方法”時(shí)，后面常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，故填to delay。 10．【解析】　考查冠詞。句意：……所以，努力想要達(dá)到完美只是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。a waste of time浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 B A young lady confidently walked around the room with a raised glass of water, and everyone knew she was going to ask the question, “half empty or half full？” She 1.fooled(fool) them all. “How heavy is this glass of water？” she inquired with a smile. 2.Answers(answer) came out from 8 oz. to 20 oz. She replied, “The absolute weight doesnt matter. 3.It depends on how long I hold it. If I hold it for a minute, thats not a problem. If I hold it for an hour, I 4.will_have(have) an ache in my right arm. If I hold it for a day, youll have to call an ambulance. In each case its the same weight, but the longer I held it, the 5.heavier(heavy) it becomes.” She continued，“And thats the way it is with stress. If we carry our burdens all the time, sooner or later, as the burden becomes 6.increasingly(increasing) heavy, we wont be able to carry on.” “As with the glass of water, you have to put it down for a while and rest before 7.holding(hold) it again. When were refreshed, we can carry on 8.with the burden—holding stress longer and better each time practiced.” So, as early in the evening 9.as you can, put all your burdens down. Dont carry them through the evening and into the night. Pick them 10.up tomorrow. 體裁：議論文　題材：生活哲理　主題：要學(xué)會(huì)“放下”壓力 語篇導(dǎo)讀：我們舉杯子的時(shí)間越長，就越會(huì)感覺到水變得更重。壓力也是如此，我們越放不下，就越會(huì)感覺到壓力，所以我們要學(xué)會(huì)“放下”。 1．【解析】　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知，本文敘述的是過去的事情，所以用一般過去時(shí)。 2．【解析】　考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)from 8 oz.to 20 oz.可知，多個(gè)人回答了問題，所以用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。注意首字母大寫。 3．【解析】　考查代詞。it代指weight。It depends on…這取決于……，是固定句型。注意首字母大寫。 4．【解析】　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。這是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來，主句用一般將來時(shí)。 5．【解析】　考查比較等級(jí)。這里是一個(gè)固定句式“the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”，越……越……。此處指舉的時(shí)間越長，它就變得越重，故用heavy的比較級(jí)heavier。 6．【解析】　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。應(yīng)用副詞修飾形容詞heavy。 7．【解析】　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。因?yàn)榭崭袂暗腷efore為介詞，所以用動(dòng)名詞形式。 8．【解析】　考查介詞。carry on with sth.繼續(xù)做……。 9．【解析】　考查固定搭配?？崭裉幣c前面的as構(gòu)成固定句式“as…as you can”，盡可能……。 10．【解析】　考查固定搭配。pick up有“拿起”之意。句意：明天再拾起這些壓力吧。 C (2017湖南岳陽一中高三段考)APEC, 1.established(establish) in 1989, is short 2.for Asia－Pacific Economic Cooperation. In January 1989, Australian Prime Minister raised the proposal during his visit to Seoul, Republic of Korea. After consultation with relevant countries, the first ministerial meeting 3.was_held(hold) in Canberra, Australia from 6 to 7 November 1989. APEC, 4.whose goal is to advance Asia－Pacific economic development, is working hard to meet the demands of growing interdependence among Asia－Pacific countries. More 5.importantly(importance), the purpose of APEC meeting is to promote free trade and cooperation and to 6.strengthen(strength) an open multilateral trading system. The activities of APEC cover the promotion of 7.regional(region) trade, investment, finance, human resources 8.development(develop) and technology transfer. APEC has 21 member countries so far. Cooperation among APECs members is governed by the principle of equal respect for the views of all participants, and it is because of this principle 9.that “mutual(相互的) respect and mutual benefit” becomes its agreement. The year of 2014 marked 10.the 25th anniversary of APEC, and China was the host. 體裁：說明文　題材：介紹說明　主題：介紹亞太經(jīng)合組織 語篇導(dǎo)讀：本文介紹了亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織的成立時(shí)間、發(fā)起人、組織的宗旨、目標(biāo)等。 1．【解析】　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子謂語是“is”，所以空格處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式修飾APEC，APEC和動(dòng)詞establish之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞established。 2．【解析】　考查固定用法。be short for是……的縮寫。 3．【解析】　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句主語the first ministerial meeting與動(dòng)詞hold之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 4．【解析】　考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為定語從句，先行詞為APEC，在從句中作goal的定語，故用whose。 5．【解析】　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處修飾整個(gè)句子，故用副詞importantly。 6．【解析】　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空格前的to，結(jié)合句意可知，to為動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞原形，故用strength的動(dòng)詞形式strengthen。句意：APEC會(huì)議旨在促進(jìn)自由貿(mào)易和合作以加強(qiáng)開放的多邊貿(mào)易關(guān)系。 7．【解析】　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空格前的of和空格后的trade可知，空格處修飾名詞trade，故用region的形容詞形式regional。 8．【解析】　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)and technology transfer可知，空格處與名詞transfer對(duì)應(yīng)，也用名詞，即develop的名詞形式development。 9．【解析】　考查同位語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為同位語從句，抽象名詞principle為先行詞，從句說明principle的具體內(nèi)容，故用that引導(dǎo)該從句。 10．【解析】　考查冠詞。根據(jù)句中的25th anniversary of APEC可知，此處特指“第25屆亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織年會(huì)”，故用定冠詞the。 D Wikipedia says that a hero is “a character who, in the face of danger…displays courage and the will to sacrifice himself”． A dictionary defines a hero 1.as “a person who is admired for great or brave acts or fine qualities”． To me, a persons hero is someone they can rely on, someone providing endless 2.encouragement(encourage) and unconditional love and someone who sticks to you through thick and thin, and keeps 3.sticking(stick) to you even when you want them to leave. For me, that person is my grandma.4.She was always my supporter. My grandma lived through death and loss, 5.but woke up every morning with a smile on her face. She lived 1,729 miles away, yet managed 6.to_visit(visit) us four times a year. She taught for 34 years, and was the one who instilled(逐漸灌輸) the love of writing into me. Always encouraging me to write, she 7.helped(help) me grow as a person. Of the 8.lessons(lesson) she taught me, the one I will always remember is 9.that I should live a happy life, go about everything with a smile and never take myself too 10.seriously(serious)． So, heres to my grandma, my hero, my support group, and my best friend. 體裁：議論文　題材：介紹說明　主題：“我”的偶像 語篇導(dǎo)讀：作者通過偶像的定義來引出自己的偶像，并闡明奶奶成為自己的偶像的原因。 1．【解析】　考查固定搭配。define…as…把……定義為。 2．【解析】　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞endless修飾名詞encouragement。 3．【解析】　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞keep后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。keep doing sth.堅(jiān)持做某事。 4．【解析】　考查代詞。根據(jù)上文的For me, that person is my grandma.可知，此處用she來代替my grandma。 5．【解析】　考查連詞。根據(jù)上文中的My grandma lived through death and loss以及下文中的with a smile on her face可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。 6．【解析】　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞manage后接不定式作賓語，故填to visit。 7．【解析】　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上文的She taught for 34 years, and was the one who instilled…可知，此處用一般過去時(shí)。 8．【解析】　考查名詞的數(shù)。of the后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，故填lessons。 9．【解析】　考查連接詞。分析句子可知，此處用that來引導(dǎo)表語從句，that在從句中不作任何成分。 10．【解析】　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處副詞修飾動(dòng)詞take。take…seriously認(rèn)真對(duì)待……。 E (2016陜西寶雞高三質(zhì)量檢測)Throughout history, the Chinese nation has constructed 1.thousands(thousand)of magnificent bridges, 2.which，of course, have become one of the marks of ancient Chinese civilization. The Guangji Bridge, 3.known(know) as the first opening bridge in the world, is one good example of them. It 4.lies(lie) in the eastern suburb of Chaozhou, China, across the Han River for over 800 years, which at first was 5.simply(simple) a boat bridge built in 1170 AD in Southern Song Dynasty with the 6.length(long) of 518 meters.Later construction of piers and framework started from both banks of the river on which it was fixed, and it took a total of 200 years 7.to_complete(complete) the Guangji Bridge with a floating section of 18 supporting wooden boats in between the two beamed sections. When necessary, the floating section can be unlocked for the passage of big boats, which is really 8.an imaginative invention in bridge－building history. There are two iron cows standing at both ends of the bridge, 9.in the hope of protecting the bridge from the flood damage. 10.What makes the bridge particularly outstanding is that its two beamed sections resemble waterside streets with 24 different styles pavilions and towers for doing business, which become a special view on the bridge. 體裁：說明文　題材：介紹說明　主題：廣濟(jì)橋 語篇導(dǎo)讀：在歷史上，中華民族曾經(jīng)建造了許多壯麗的橋梁，這些橋梁是中國古代文明的標(biāo)志。其中位于潮州的廣濟(jì)橋就是一個(gè)典型代表。 1．【解析】　考查固定搭配。句意：在歷史上，中華民族曾經(jīng)建造了成千上萬座壯麗的橋梁，當(dāng)然，這些橋梁已成為中國古代文明的標(biāo)志之一。thousands of數(shù)以千計(jì)的。 2．【解析】　考查定語從句。句意見上一題解析。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞bridges, 從句中缺少主語，故填which。 3．【解析】　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：作為世界上第一座孔橋而聞名的廣濟(jì)橋就是其中一個(gè)很好的例子。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句主干結(jié)構(gòu)是The Guangji Bridge is one good example。因此動(dòng)詞know在句中要用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式；know與邏輯主語The Guangji Bridge之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過去分詞known。 4．【解析】　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：他位于中國潮州東郊，橫跨韓江800多年，它建于公元1170年的南宋朝，起初它只是一座518米長的舟橋。主語It是單數(shù)，而且描述的是一般事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 5．【解析】　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意見上一題解析。設(shè)空處在句中作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞，故填simply(僅僅；只不過)。 6．【解析】　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意見第4題解析。設(shè)空前為定冠詞，空后為介詞，因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞。 7．【解析】　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：……總共花費(fèi)了200年才建成了廣濟(jì)橋……It took (sb.) some time to do sth.是固定句式，it作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。 8．【解析】　考查冠詞。句意：必要時(shí)，浮橋部分可以開啟供大型船舶通行，這是橋梁建筑史上非常具有想象力的發(fā)明。根據(jù)句意可知，此處泛指“一項(xiàng)發(fā)明”，且invention前有以元音音素開頭的形容詞修飾，故填不定冠詞an。 9．【解析】　考查介詞。句意：橋頭兩端分立兩頭鐵牛，人們期望它們保護(hù)廣濟(jì)橋免受洪水的侵害。in the hope of…懷著……的希望。 10．【解析】　考查主語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處在句中引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在整個(gè)句中作主語，且從句中缺少主語，故填What。 F (2016吉林長春高三質(zhì)量檢測)Two years ago, Boyan Slat, a then 19－year－old university student in Holland, made the claim that he 1.would/could clean up the oceans vast accumulation of plastics in about five years. 2．During a scuba diving holiday in Greece, Boyan Salt, aged 16, found there were 3.more(many) plastic bags than fish in the sea. He started seeking for a solution to ocean plastic 4.pollution/pollutants(pollute). In 2012, he decided to make his intentions public. It sounded like a pipe－dream to many when Slat first described his idea, but he felt it was so simple and it just might work. Slat came up with 5.what he called a floating “Ocean Cleanup Array.” Instead of going after the plastics, he designed an array(陣列) of long floating barriers to let the ocean currents concentrate the plastic 6.itself(it). The system of floating barriers is over a mile long. The system had its first proof－of－concept test, which 7.was_performed(perform) in the Azores Island. After proving the feasibility(可行性) of the array in doing what it was supposed to do, the real evaluation of the array will take place in the second quarter of 2016, in a two－year pilot project in real－world conditions off the coast of Tsushima, an island 8.lying(lie) between Japan and South Korea. This pilot project is worth watching to see if it 9.works(work). And if it does work as 10.expected(expect), we have something even bigger to look forward to. 體裁：說明文　題材：環(huán)境與自然　主題：清理海洋塑料袋垃圾 語篇導(dǎo)讀：本文介紹了一位大學(xué)生關(guān)心海洋環(huán)境，并決心要清理白色污染的事跡，他想出來的漂浮的“海洋清理陣列”方法如果奏效，將會(huì)對(duì)海洋保護(hù)起到很大的作用。 1．【解析】　考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：兩年前，在荷蘭當(dāng)時(shí)是一位19歲大學(xué)生的博揚(yáng)斯拉聲稱，他將/能在五年中清理掉海洋里大量堆積的塑料袋。本句是說博揚(yáng)斯拉的計(jì)劃，根據(jù)主句中的made可知，此處應(yīng)是過去將來時(shí)，故填would；同時(shí)根據(jù)句意也可以是他相信自己能夠做到，故也可填could。 2．【解析】　考查介詞。句意：博揚(yáng)斯拉16歲時(shí)在希臘斯庫巴潛泳度假期間，發(fā)現(xiàn)海洋里的塑料袋比魚還要多。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指他在希臘度假期間，故填During(在……期間)。 3．【解析】　考查比較等級(jí)。句意見上一題解析。根據(jù)句意及than可知，此處用形容詞的比較級(jí)。 4．【解析】　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：他開始尋找一種解決方法來處理海洋塑料袋污染(物)問題。設(shè)空前有形容詞plastic修飾，且根據(jù)上文描述可知，此處指“塑料污染”或“塑料污染物”，故用名詞pollution(污染)或pollutants(污染物)。 5．【解析】　考查賓語從句。句意：斯拉想出一個(gè)他稱之為漂浮的“海洋清理陣列”的主意。come up with想出，提出，后面跟的是賓語從句，且從句中缺少賓語，結(jié)合句意可知填what。 6．【解析】　考查代詞。句意：……他設(shè)計(jì)出一種長漂浮物的陣列，目的是讓洋流自己把塑料集中起來。此處的代詞應(yīng)該指代前面的the plastic自身，故填反身代詞itself作同位語。 7．【解析】　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。本題描述的是已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前面的test，和動(dòng)詞perform之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 8．【解析】　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語修飾island，它和動(dòng)詞lie之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞lying。 9．【解析】　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這次飛行員工程是值得的，看看這個(gè)想法是否奏效。根據(jù)上一段的內(nèi)容可知，這項(xiàng)工程現(xiàn)在正在實(shí)施，所以要看現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 10．【解析】　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：如果這個(gè)方法能像預(yù)期的那樣奏效，我們會(huì)希望去做更大的事情。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞，主語it和expect之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過去分詞expected。