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外文科技文獻(xiàn)譯文
塑料制品與塑料模具的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)
1、塑料產(chǎn)業(yè)
改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，塑料制品加工產(chǎn)業(yè)在我國(guó)以平均每年百分之十的速度迅速發(fā)展，與GDP的平均增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)相比，要高出3到5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)?，F(xiàn)在，我國(guó)塑料制品已經(jīng)進(jìn)軍到了世界發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的水平，每年塑料產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量躍居世界第二，而且形成了完整的產(chǎn)業(yè)分類(lèi)系統(tǒng)。
隨著塑料制品的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域不斷擴(kuò)大，在未來(lái)10年世界塑料制品的產(chǎn)量將在每年3％的的速度增加，在2010年世界塑料產(chǎn)品的總?cè)萘繉⒏哌_(dá)186萬(wàn)噸。我國(guó)對(duì)塑料制品越來(lái)越大的需求將不斷，塑料產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)將在每年10％的的速度增加，據(jù)估計(jì)，總電容塑料制品在我們的國(guó)家嘗試性在2010年將接近40萬(wàn)噸。
在未來(lái)我國(guó)塑料行業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵是在塑料制品行業(yè)方面，交通和工程，包裝塑料制品，建筑塑料制品，農(nóng)用塑料制品和塑料節(jié)水制品等。
1.1 塑料制品在工業(yè)，交通和工程
工程塑料是目前在塑料行業(yè)的發(fā)展最快的類(lèi)別。隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，其應(yīng)用范圍和數(shù)量不斷增加。在此范圍內(nèi)的產(chǎn)品包括用于交通和運(yùn)輸業(yè)以及塑料在電子，電氣設(shè)備和信息用塑料抽動(dòng)工程工業(yè)等。在2005年，我國(guó)工程塑料制品總需求量約4.5萬(wàn)噸，在2010年，只有汽車(chē)塑料的需求將高達(dá)1萬(wàn)噸。
1.2 用于包裝的塑料制品
塑料具有優(yōu)良的特點(diǎn)，包裝是最大的領(lǐng)域，塑料將用于包裝領(lǐng)域。統(tǒng)計(jì)表明，在每個(gè)國(guó)家的包裝用塑料同樣是35％。2003年，在我國(guó)的包裝使用的塑料制品輸出4.65萬(wàn)噸，占總量的28.1%的塑料產(chǎn)品,產(chǎn)值達(dá)到680億元,與2001年相比增長(zhǎng)了14.2%。據(jù)估計(jì)，在2010年之前在我國(guó)包裝塑料制品的年平均增長(zhǎng)率是12％。
1.3 用于建筑的塑料制品
塑料建材是新興的第四代新型建筑材料，主要包括塑料管，塑料門(mén)窗，建筑防水材料，保溫材料，裝飾材料等，在建筑工程中的使用是非常廣泛，市政工程，村莊和小城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)以及工業(yè)建設(shè)。塑料建材不僅能替代傳統(tǒng)建筑材料，如木材，鋼材等，但也有許多優(yōu)勢(shì)，如節(jié)能和節(jié)材，保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境，改善居住環(huán)境，提高建筑功能和質(zhì)量，降低建筑自重，便于建設(shè)等。建筑業(yè)是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，我國(guó)建筑行業(yè)將在未來(lái)5-15年能夠有一個(gè)更大的發(fā)展。
1.4 在農(nóng)業(yè)和塑料節(jié)水設(shè)備使用的塑料制品
作為一個(gè)廣泛應(yīng)用的農(nóng)用地面覆蓋膜和涂層膜，高效率的農(nóng)業(yè)節(jié)水灌溉工程的迅速推廣以及如漁業(yè)，畜牧業(yè)和林業(yè)等相關(guān)行業(yè)的規(guī)模發(fā)展的結(jié)果，農(nóng)業(yè)已成為第二大塑料制品消費(fèi)領(lǐng)域，是僅次于包裝行業(yè)。農(nóng)用塑料市場(chǎng)的巨大潛力，為塑料行業(yè)的發(fā)展提供了更廣闊的發(fā)展空間。地面覆蓋膜在全國(guó)的總面積是170萬(wàn)中國(guó)地區(qū)，再加入氨膜，青貯膜，飼草用膜，在纏繞的膜，塑料種植苗木容器，遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)，漁網(wǎng)，所用材料農(nóng)產(chǎn)品儲(chǔ)存和保持新鮮感，農(nóng)藥設(shè)備，發(fā)泡塑料板等，農(nóng)用塑料產(chǎn)品，在全國(guó)約3萬(wàn)噸。隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)和快速發(fā)展，淡水資源越來(lái)越缺乏，塑料節(jié)水設(shè)備將有巨大的發(fā)展空間。
1.5 在商品和藥品中使用的塑料制品
隨著人民生活水平的不斷提高，在每天的生活所需的塑料產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量將不斷增加，日常使用的產(chǎn)品仍然有巨大的潛在市場(chǎng)。醫(yī)用塑料產(chǎn)品在塑料行業(yè)的技術(shù)含量和附加價(jià)值最高的產(chǎn)品，現(xiàn)在則是以15％的年均速度增長(zhǎng)。但在我國(guó)醫(yī)療塑料制品的產(chǎn)值只有2％?3％的醫(yī)用塑料產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)值在世界上的帳戶(hù)，每人的平均消費(fèi)是達(dá)不到發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的5％。因此，在我國(guó)醫(yī)療塑料制品的市場(chǎng)前景極為廣闊。
2、模具行業(yè)
由于市場(chǎng)需求的強(qiáng)大的吸引，模具行業(yè)在高速發(fā)展，市場(chǎng)廣闊，生產(chǎn)和銷(xiāo)售都繁榮。在近三年來(lái)，我國(guó)模具行業(yè)每年的平均增長(zhǎng)率是21％。在2003年產(chǎn)值超過(guò)450億元，約等于5億美元以上，占據(jù)了世界第三。行業(yè)專(zhuān)家的預(yù)測(cè)是，在我國(guó)塑料模具在未來(lái)10年將繼續(xù)以15%以上的平均年增長(zhǎng)率增長(zhǎng)，甚至更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。同時(shí)，模具的出口也有廣闊的發(fā)展前景。
對(duì)于未來(lái)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，對(duì)模具的需求將主要表現(xiàn)在4個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)：汽車(chē)行業(yè)，家電行業(yè)的，電子及通訊行業(yè)和建材行業(yè)。至于汽車(chē)行業(yè)，目前我國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)量超過(guò)400萬(wàn)美元，基本類(lèi)型車(chē)輛已達(dá)到170多種，新類(lèi)型的車(chē)輛和改裝型車(chē)輛將多達(dá)430種，有大約80％的模具類(lèi)型的車(chē)輛時(shí)，要改變需要更換，一個(gè)型號(hào)的汽車(chē)將需要成千上萬(wàn)的模具，價(jià)值1億元;在家電界，彩電，冰箱，洗衣機(jī)，空調(diào)，微波爐，錄像機(jī)，攝像機(jī)，VCD和DVD等大多是由塑料和橡膠產(chǎn)品配件相結(jié)合，因此它需要相當(dāng)多的模具很多。
塑料加工業(yè)和模具制造行業(yè)作為朝陽(yáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)，加工和制造技術(shù)將改變每個(gè)新的一天。隨著改性塑料的不斷發(fā)展和應(yīng)用，毫微米塑料和特種工程塑料，以及信息技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，必須把高精度，高復(fù)雜度，高均勻性和高生產(chǎn)低消費(fèi)，塑料加工行業(yè)和模具制造業(yè)必將成為在21世紀(jì)的大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國(guó)家的未來(lái)的行業(yè)之一。
3、塑料注塑模具的回推機(jī)制
這個(gè)實(shí)用新型是一種推回機(jī)制的注塑模具，它包括第一個(gè)拉鉤固定在前面的模具上，第二個(gè)拉鉤固定在后面的模具和定位塊固定在彈射系統(tǒng)。在合模的條件下，第一個(gè)拉鉤一端穿過(guò)后面的模具前模具的背面和彈射系統(tǒng)，依次向后延伸。第二拉鉤的一端隨著背面模具移動(dòng)，另一端是自由端，位于定位塊上。當(dāng)合模時(shí)，第一隔拉鉤的自由端與第二個(gè)拉鉤的自由端接觸和合作，在次之前，正面和背面模具結(jié)合，同時(shí)推動(dòng)第二拉鉤旋轉(zhuǎn)推定位塊和彈射系統(tǒng)，以使他們前推回，然后滑動(dòng)塊和背部模具移動(dòng)到指定位置。這種實(shí)用新型可以有效地避免滑動(dòng)塊和受到干擾的頂針和模具在合模的影響造成的損害。
4、塑料模具
這種實(shí)用新型是有關(guān)一種塑料模具。它包括前輔助板和背面輔助板是對(duì)稱(chēng)的對(duì)方。前輔助板和背面的輔助板連接在一起，形成一個(gè)輔助通道和澆注口。輔助通道和澆注口是互相聯(lián)系的。截面尺寸的話(huà)，澆注口與輔助通道的連接處比較大，另外的截面相對(duì)較小。澆注口彎曲成一個(gè)尖角，本節(jié)的末尾是較小的與最終產(chǎn)品內(nèi)表面連接著。
5、中國(guó)的塑料機(jī)械行業(yè)
經(jīng)過(guò)50多年的發(fā)展，中國(guó)的塑料機(jī)械行業(yè)的歷史走增長(zhǎng)，從無(wú)到有，從小到大，從默默無(wú)聞到世界聞名。注塑機(jī)是中國(guó)塑料注塑機(jī)械行業(yè)的第一大產(chǎn)品，注塑機(jī)的發(fā)展已經(jīng)被世界塑料機(jī)械行業(yè)所稱(chēng)贊。目前，中國(guó)的注塑機(jī)的發(fā)展有七大亮點(diǎn)。
在中國(guó)注塑機(jī)的輸出是在同行業(yè)中排名第一，塑料機(jī)械的三大類(lèi)是注塑機(jī)，擠出機(jī)和吹塑機(jī)，它們占塑料機(jī)械總產(chǎn)量的80％以上其中，注塑機(jī)也占上述三類(lèi)總產(chǎn)量超過(guò)50％。
2006年，注塑成型機(jī)的輸出量排名世界第一，世界注塑機(jī)年產(chǎn)量91480單位，注塑機(jī)在中國(guó)內(nèi)地的產(chǎn)量為57600個(gè)單位，這個(gè)產(chǎn)量占世界注塑機(jī)年產(chǎn)量的62.97％，其中，在中國(guó)寧波的注塑機(jī)的年產(chǎn)量約占世界的1 / 3，它是世界上最大的的注塑機(jī)生產(chǎn)基地。
它是歐洲年度總產(chǎn)量在世界注塑機(jī)的三分之一，日本是在第二位。
中國(guó)的注塑機(jī)已成為第一出口機(jī)械產(chǎn)品。2006年，中國(guó)的注塑機(jī)出口額占塑料機(jī)械出口占整體出口貨值的54％。它是塑料機(jī)械出口的主力軍。
注塑機(jī)的發(fā)展速度在同行業(yè)中排名第一。在新的世紀(jì)，中國(guó)的塑料機(jī)械行業(yè)的平均增長(zhǎng)率超過(guò)20％，注塑機(jī)的發(fā)展步伐已在行業(yè)中遙遙領(lǐng)先。
注塑機(jī)的技術(shù)水平與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的差異較小，由于技術(shù)創(chuàng)新步伐的加快，和進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)自主創(chuàng)新能力，與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比，中國(guó)的注塑機(jī)的大部分已達(dá)到20世紀(jì)80年代末的產(chǎn)品的水平。少量的產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)接近20世紀(jì)90年代的水平，部分產(chǎn)品已在世界的領(lǐng)先地位了。
注塑機(jī)行業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)了在中國(guó)著名名牌產(chǎn)品“零”的突破。2007年9月11日，中國(guó)塑料機(jī)械行業(yè)首次榮獲“中國(guó)著名品牌的產(chǎn)品品牌”四項(xiàng)大獎(jiǎng)，其中三個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)屬于注塑機(jī)產(chǎn)品。
3
The development trend of plastic products and plastic molds
1.the plastic industry
Since the reform and opening up, the plastics processing industry in China quickly to an annual average of 10 per cent of the speed of development, compared with the average GDP growth point to 3-5 percentage points higher. Now, the plastic products in China has to enter into the level of developed countries in the world, the annual output of plastic products ranked second in the world, and formed a complete industrial classification system.
With the expanding applications of plastics, production of plastic products in the world in the next 10 years the rate of 3% per year increase in total capacity of plastic products in the world in 2010 will reach 1.86 million tons. China's growing demand for plastic products will continue to the production of plastic products in the annual rate of 10% of the increase, it is estimated that the total capacitance of plastic products in our country try to be close to 40 million tons in 2010.
The key to the future development of China's plastics industry in the plastics industry, transportation and engineering, packaging, plastic products, construction plastics, agricultural plastic products and plastic water-saving products, such as.
1.1 plastic products industry, transportation and engineering
Engineering plastics is in the plastics industry's fastest-growing category. With China's rapid economic development, its scope of application and the number is increasing. Within this range of products including plastic tic engineering industries in electronics, electrical equipment and information for traffic and transport, as well as plastic. In 2005, the total demand of engineering plastic products in China about 45,000 tons in 2010, demand for automotive plastics will reach 10,000 tons.
1.2 of plastics for packaging
The plastic has excellent characteristics, packaging is the largest area, the plastic will be used in the field of packaging. Statistics show that the plastic in the packaging of each country is also 35%. In 2003, the plastics used in packaging in China output to 46,500 tons, accounting for 28.1% of the total plastic products, the output value reached 68 billion yuan, an increase of 14.2 percent compared with 2001. It is estimated that the packaging plastic products in China, average annual growth rate in 2010 is 12%.
1.3 for the construction of plastic products
Plastic materials is the emerging fourth generation of new building materials, including plastic pipes, plastic doors and windows, building waterproofing materials, insulation materials, decorative materials, use in construction projects is very broad, municipal engineering, villages and construction of small towns andindustrial construction. Plastic building materials not only can replace traditional building materials such as wood, steel, etc., but there are also many advantages, such as energy and materials, protection of ecological environment, improve the living environment, improve building functionality and quality, reduce construction weight, ease of construction. The construction industry is a pillar industry of national economy, China's construction industry will have a greater development in the next 5-15 years.
1.4 plastic products used in agriculture and plastic water-saving devices
Results as a widely used agricultural ground cover film and the rapid diffusion of the coating film, the high efficiency of agricultural water-saving irrigation projects, as well as the scale of the development of related industries such as fisheries, animal husbandry and forestry, agriculture has become the second largest plasticsconsumer field, is second only to the packaging industry. Agricultural plastics huge market potential for the development of the plastics industry to provide a broader space for development. Ground cover film in the country's total area of ??1.7 million in China, then add the ammonia film, silage film, forage membrane, membrane in the wound, the plastic planting seedling container, shade nets, fishing nets, the materials used in agricultural products to store and keep it fresh pesticide equipment, foam plastic board, agricultural plastic products, about 30,000 tons in the country. With the sustained and rapid development of China's socio-economic, freshwater resources, more and more the lack of plastic water-saving devices will have a huge space for development.
1.5 of plastic products used in the goods and medicines
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the number of products in plastic products for everyday life will continue to increase, the products of daily use there is still a huge potential market. The technical content of medical plastic products in the plastics industry and the highest value-added products, and now is based on an average annual growth rate of 15%. The output value of medical plastic products in China, only 2% to 3% of the output value of the medical plastic products in the world account, the average per capita consumption is 5% less than in developed countries. Therefore, the market prospect is extremely broad in medical plastic products in China.
2.the mold industry
Due to strong market demand to attract mold industry in both prosperity and rapid development of a broad market, production and sales. In the past three years, the average annual growth rate of China's mold industry is 21%. The production value of more than 45 billion yuan in 2003, about equal to more than $ 500 million, accounting for a third in the world. Industry experts predict, plastic mold in China will continue in the next 10 years the average annual growth rate of more than 15 percent growth, or even longer. At the same time, the export of mold there are broad prospects for development.
For the next period of time, the demand for molds in four professional: the automotive industry, appliance industry, electronics and communications industry and building materials industry. As for the automotive industry, vehicle production in China more than four million U.S. dollars, basic types of vehicles has reached more than 170 kinds of new types of vehicles and converted vehicles will be up to 430 kinds, about 80% of mold types of vehicles, to change the need replacement, a model of car will need tens of thousands of mold, worth 100 million yuan; mostly in the sector of household appliances, color TV, refrigerators, washing machines, air conditioners, microwave ovens, video recorders, video cameras, VCD and DVD, and other accessories made of plastic and rubber products the combination, so it need quite a lot of mold.
The plastics processing industry and mold manufacturing industry as a sunrise industry, the processing and manufacturing technologies that will change each new day. With the continuous development and application of modified plastics, nanometer plastics and special engineering plastics, as well as the rapid development of IT, high-precision, high complexity, high uniformity and low consumption of high production, plastics processing industry and Mould Manufacturing the industry will become one of the industries most developing countries in the 21st century.
3.plastic injection mold, push-back mechanisms
This utility model is a push-back mechanism of injection molds, including a retractor fixed on the front of the mold, and the second retractor fixed to the back of the mold and the positioning block fixed to the ejection system. Clamping conditions, the first retractor end through the back of the back of the mold before the mold and the ejection system, followed by backward extension. Second retractor end of mobile With the back of the mold, the other end of the free end is located on the positioning block. When the mold, first separated from the free end of the retractor and the second retractor free end of the contact and cooperation in the times before, the front and back mold combination, while promoting the second retractor rotating push the positioning block and the ejection system, so that they forward and backward, and then slide the block and back mold to move to the specified location. This utility can effectively avoid the damage caused by the sliding block and disruption of the thimble and mold in the mold of the impact.
4.plastic mold
This utility model is related to a plastic mold. It includes the former auxiliary board and the back of the auxiliary plate is symmetrical each other. The former auxiliary board and the back of the auxiliary board connected together to form an auxiliary channel and pouring mouth. The auxiliary channel and the pouring port is interconnected. Sectional dimension of words, pouring mouth and the junction of the auxiliary channel is relatively large, and another cross-section is relatively small. Mouth curved into a sharp corner in the pouring end of this section is smaller and the final product connected to the inner surface.
5.China's plastics machinery industry
After 50 years of development, the history of China's plastics machinery industry go growth, from scratch, from small to large, from obscurity to world-famous. The injection molding machine plastic injection molding machinery industry in China products, the development of injection molding machine has been the world's plastics machinery industry praised. At present, the development of injection molding machines in China's seven major bright spot.
The output of the injection molding machine in the industry ranked first in three categories of plastic machinery, injection molding machines, extruders and blow molding machines, they accounted for more than 80% of the total output of plastic machinery, which, injection molding machine is also accounted for the three types of output of more than 50%.
In 2006, the output of the injection molding machine ranked first in the world, 91,480 units of the World annual production of injection molding machines, injection molding machine production of 57,600 units in mainland China, this production accounted for 62.97% of the world's annual production of injection molding machine, which, in Chinese Ningbo's annual production of injection molding machine about 1/3 of the world, it is the world's largest production base of the injection molding machine.
It is one-third of the European total annual production of injection molding machine in the world, Japan is in second place.
The injection molding machine in China has become the first export of machinery products. In 2006, China's exports of injection molding machines accounted for plastics machinery exports accounted for 54% of the value of total exports. It is the main force of the plastics machinery exports.
The pace of development of the injection molding machine in the industry. In the new century, China's plastics machinery industry average growth rate of over 20%, far ahead of the pace of development of the injection molding machine in the industry.
The technological level of the injection molding machine, the smaller the difference in developed countries, due to the accelerated pace of technological innovation, and further enhance the capability of independent innovation, compared with developed countries, most of the injection molding machine in China has reached the end of the 1980s products level. A small number of products have been close to the level of the 1990s, some products have a leading position in the world.
The injection molding machine industry to achieve a breakthrough in China's famous brand-name "zero". September 11, 2007, China's plastics machinery industry for the first time won the "Chinese famous brand products brand" four awards, three awards are the product of the injection molding machine.