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12屆畢業(yè)設計
弧板-滾筒式核桃破殼機
設計說明書
學生姓名
學 號
所屬學院 機械電氣化工程學院
專 業(yè) 機械設計制造及其自動化
班 級
指導教師
日 期
塔里木大學教務處制
前 言
核桃，是人們常見的食物。它營養(yǎng)豐富，具有健腦、補腎、美容、降血脂四大功效。核桃和核桃仁還是我國傳統(tǒng)的出口商品。但是，由于核桃殼堅硬，手工剝核極其不便而且費時費力。因此，提高核桃取仁的機械化程度，是生產過程中急需解決的問題。鑒于此，本設計根據以往的研究與資料，提出了弧板—滾筒式核桃破殼原理，研制了核桃破殼機。本機能完美的解決核桃難剝核和人工剝核不能保證仁的完全性難題，且又有較高的生產率和較高的高路仁率。
本次設計采用常見的電機作動力源，利用V帶傳遞功率。利用軸旋轉帶動滾筒的轉動，利用氣缸實現(xiàn)破殼，從而使機器能夠連續(xù)的工作，大大提高了生產率。
目錄
1在國內（外）研究現(xiàn)狀及分析·······································1
1.1堅果類破殼機現(xiàn)狀··············································1
1.1.1堅果類破殼機常見的機械脫殼方法 ································1
1.1.2新型核桃脫殼方法·············································1
1.1.3幾種典型的堅果類破殼機·······································2
1.2對堅果類破殼機械未來展望分析···································2
2破殼機設計的目的、意義···········································3
3弧板-滾筒式破殼機工作原理········································3
3.1破殼機的總體裝配思路··········································4
4氣動裝置的選取···················································4
5弧板-滾筒式核桃破殼機的設計·····································5
5.1電動機的選擇·················································5
6帶及設計··················································5
6.1傳動帶的設計·············································6
6.1.1確定計算功率················································6
6.1.2選擇V帶的型號·············································6
6.1.3確定帶輪的基準直徑···········································6
6.1.4確定傳動中心距和帶長·········································6
6.1.5驗算主動輪上的包角···········································7
6.1.6確定V帶的根數·············································7
6.1.7確定帶的初拉力···············································7
6.1.8求V帶傳動作用在軸上的壓力····································8
7V帶帶輪的設計····················································8
7.1帶輪的材料選擇···············································8
7.2結構設計·····················································8
7.3 從動帶輪的設計················································9
8傳動軸的設計·····················································9
8.1根據軸向定位的要求確定軸的各段直徑和長度·························10
8.2初步選擇輸出軸系··············································10
8.3確定輸出軸上的圓角半徑······································10
8.4 按彎扭合成條件校核軸的強度·····································11
8.4.1求輸出軸上的所受作用力的大小··································11
8.4.2求滾筒上所受的的合力·········································11
8.4.3軸上水平面內所受支反力如圖···································11
8.4.4軸在垂直面內所受的支反力·····································11
8.4.5作彎矩圖···················································12
8.4.6軸的載荷分析················································12
8.4.7當量彎矩計算················································12
8.5 校核軸的強度·················································13
9入料斗的結構設計···············································13
10滾筒的設計····················································13
11軸承端蓋······················································14
12氣缸撞擊裝置················································14
13影響核桃破殼的因素··········································14
13.1核桃的性質···············································14
13.1.2核桃飽滿程度和均勻度····································14
13.1.3核桃的濕度要適中········································15
13.1.4破殼板的硬度···········································15
13.2 喂料速度對破殼效果的影響··································15
14結論························································16
14.1本課題所完成的工作········································16
14.2需要重點研究的、關鍵的問題及解決的思路·······················16
14.2.1目前核桃破殼取仁機械存在的主要問題························16
15致謝························································17
16參考文獻····················································18