鋼管自動噴標系統(tǒng)設備之立柱橫梁設計

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徐州工程學院 畢業(yè)設計（論文）任務書 機電工程 學院 機械設計制造及其自動化 專業(yè) 設計（論文）題目 鋼管自動噴標設備之 立柱橫梁設計 學 生 姓 名 黃方興 班 級 04機本6班 起 止 日 期 2008.2.25—2008.6.2 指 導 教 師 崔增柱 教研室主任 李 志 發(fā)任務書日期 2008 年 2 月 25 日 1.畢業(yè)設計的背景： 隨著我國加入WTO，國內(nèi)市場和國際市場的接軌，鋼管市場同樣面臨一系列的問題。 國內(nèi)鋼管進入國際市場，必須遵守國過去，大部分的鋼管廠家采用人工的方式進行測 量和標記。人工測定鋼管的長度和重量，并把相關的內(nèi)容根據(jù)國家標準，用涂料寫在 鋼管上。有的鋼管廠由工人隨意手寫，字跡不統(tǒng)一，有的用刷模的方式，字跡相對工 整。這種做法沿用了很長一段時間，部分廠家目前仍在使用。很明顯，這些方法存在 測量精度低、勞動強度大、生產(chǎn)效率低、字跡不清楚等缺點。 2.畢業(yè)設計(論文)的內(nèi)容和要求： 本論文研究鋼管自動化車間自動噴標設備的基本原理，立柱橫梁的驅動、 升降，控制系統(tǒng)的控制原理。 通過畢業(yè)設計，了解噴標設備的工作原理，了解噴標設備中控制噴標位置 的方法，能夠設計立柱橫梁的結構，并控制其升降，利用PLC控制工藝程 序的運行 3.主要參考文獻： 1、 《PLC編程及應用》 廖長初 機械工業(yè)出版社 2005 2、 《液壓與氣壓傳動》 章宏甲 機械工業(yè)出版社 2004 3、 《機械設計》 許菊若 化學工業(yè)出版社 2005 4、《自動檢測與傳感器技術》 趙巧娥 中國電力出版社 2005 5、《機械制造技術基礎》 鄧志平 西南交通大學出版社 2004 4.畢業(yè)設計(論文)進度計劃(以周為單位)： 起 止 日 期 工 作 內(nèi) 容 備 注 第1周-第2周 第3周-第4周 第5周-第6周 第7周-第8周 第9周-第10周 第11周-第12周 第13周-第14周 第15周 第16周 論文開題，外文翻譯/查閱資料 論文大綱/資料準備/緒論部分 論文總體設計部分 論文機械設計部分 論文機械設計部分 論文機械設計部分/電氣及控制系統(tǒng)部分設計 論文電氣及控制系統(tǒng)設計 論文初稿檢查、修改 論文定稿 翻譯與課題相關的外文資料 突出重點及難點部分 機械設計的理論計算，列出計算過程 折合A0圖紙不小于3.5張必備的部件圖及零件圖 包括電氣配電部分 教研室審查意見： 室主任 年 月 日 學院審查意見： 教學院長 年 月 日 畢業(yè)設計（論文）開題報告 課 題 名 稱： 鋼管自動噴標設備之立柱 橫梁設計 學 生 姓 名： 指 導 教 師： 所 在 學 院： 徐州工程學院 專 業(yè) 名 稱： 機械設計制造及其自動化 說 明 1．根據(jù)《徐州工程學院畢業(yè)設計(論文)管理規(guī)定》，學生必須撰寫《畢業(yè)設計（論文）開題報告》，由指導教師簽署意見、教研室審查，學院教學院長批準后實施。 2．開題報告是畢業(yè)設計（論文）答辯委員會對學生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。學生應當在畢業(yè)設計（論文）工作前期內(nèi)完成，開題報告不合格者不得參加答辯。 3．畢業(yè)設計開題報告各項內(nèi)容要實事求是，逐條認真填寫。其中的文字表達要明確、嚴謹，語言通順，外來語要同時用原文和中文表達。第一次出現(xiàn)縮寫詞，須注出全稱。 4．本報告中，由學生本人撰寫的對課題和研究工作的分析及描述，沒有經(jīng)過整理歸納，缺乏個人見解僅僅從網(wǎng)上下載材料拼湊而成的開題報告按不合格論。 5. 課題類型填：工程設計類；理論研究類；應用（實驗）研究類；軟件設計類；其它。 6、課題來源填：教師科研；社會生產(chǎn)實踐；教學；其它 課題 名稱 鋼管自動噴標設備之立柱橫梁設計 課題來源 教師科研 課題類型 工程設計類 選題的背景及意義 隨著我國加入WTO，國內(nèi)市場和國際市場的接軌，鋼管市場同樣面臨一系列的問題。國內(nèi)鋼管進入國際市場，必須遵守國過去，大部分的鋼管廠家采用人工的方式進行測量和標記。人工測定鋼管的長度和重量，并把相關的內(nèi)容根據(jù)國家標準，用涂料寫在鋼管上。有的鋼管廠由工人隨意手寫，字跡不統(tǒng)一，有的用刷模的方式，字跡相對工整。這種做法沿用了很長一段時間，部分廠家目前仍在使用。很明顯，這些方法存在測量精度低、勞動強度大、生產(chǎn)效率低、字跡不清楚等缺點。 從上個世紀90 年代開始，國內(nèi)一些大型的鋼鐵公司的產(chǎn)品為了參與國際競爭，耗巨資引進國外的整條流水線。這些進口的設備測量精度高、生產(chǎn)效率高、勞動強度低、字跡統(tǒng)一規(guī)范。但是進口設備成本高、要求工人素質(zhì)高、維護成本也高。落后的傳統(tǒng)方法與高成本的進口設備都難適應國內(nèi)的市場需求。因此，開發(fā)研制同類產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。際的相關標準。 研究內(nèi)容擬解決的主要問題 結合一般鋼管的工藝生產(chǎn)流程及API國際標準，說明國內(nèi)噴標系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題并闡述開發(fā)鋼管噴標系統(tǒng)的必要性。 針對噴標系統(tǒng)設計的總體說明，提出系統(tǒng)的設計總目標，提出系統(tǒng)設計的關鍵參數(shù)并結合所設計的系統(tǒng)平面布置圖、系統(tǒng)的整體組成結構，設備運行的要求如何設計噴標小車的機械結構、電氣結構。 在完成機械部分設計的同時簡要概述噴標控制系統(tǒng)的總體設計。 根據(jù)噴標控制系統(tǒng)的設計組成，如何解決噴標小車的定位行走、現(xiàn)控制、噴標流程、操作監(jiān)控、錯誤報警等問題。 研究方法技術路線 通過查閱文獻資料以及自己的所見所聞，對噴標系統(tǒng)有了總體印象后開始設計噴標系統(tǒng)部件立柱橫梁。機械部分，設計立柱橫梁的組成，懸臂梁的設計，橫移機構的設計。電氣控制部分，也采取模塊化設計。根據(jù)小車用電的情況，設計配電原理。小車噴印標記采用底層PLC控制，則為其設計PLC流程。小車移動受伺服電機控制，則要為其設計伺服驅動系統(tǒng)等。技術難點參考導師的答疑和向導師求助。 研究的總體安排和進度計劃 課題的總體研究由八個部分組成：開題、外文翻譯、論文大綱、論文總體設計、機械設計部分、電氣控制設計部分、初稿、定稿。進度計劃如下： 第1周-第2周 論文開題，外文翻譯/查閱資料 第3周-第4周 論文大綱/資料準備/緒論部分 第5周-第6周 論文總體設計部分 第7周-第8周 論文機械設計部分 第9周-第10周 論文機械設計部分 第11周-第12周 論文機械設計部分/電氣及控制系統(tǒng)部分設計 第13周-第14周 論文電氣及控制系統(tǒng)設計 第15周 論文初稿檢查、修改 第16周 論文定稿 主要參考 文獻 1、 《PLC編程及應用》 廖長初 機械工業(yè)出版社 2005 2、 《液壓與氣壓傳動》 章宏甲 機械工業(yè)出版社 2004 3、 《機械設計》 許菊若 化學工業(yè)出版社 2005 4、 《自動檢測與傳感器技術》 趙巧娥 中國電力出版社 2005 5、 《機械制造技術基礎》 鄧志平 西南交通大學出版社 2004 指導教師 意 見 指導教師簽名： 年 月 日 教研室意見 學院意見 教研室主任簽名： 年 月 日 教學院長簽名： 年 月 日 附錄 附錄1 Mechanical products for modern design and development trend The rapid development of science and technology, product features requirements of the growing number and complexity of the increase in life expectancy shortened, replacement faster. However, the design of the products, especially mechanical products in the design means, is, failed to keep pace with the needs of the times. At present, computer-aided product design drawings, design, manufacturing, production planning has been a relatively extensive and in-depth study and achieved initial results, and product development programmes of the early computer-aided design is far from meeting the needs of the design. To this end, the author read a lot of literature on the basis of a summary of the design and scholars at home and abroad to design the method used, and discussed the various methods of organic link between product design and mechanical Computer trend of development. Under the current domestic and foreign scholars to design machinery design methods used by the main features of the programme can be summed up modern design for the following four major types. 1, systematic design method Systematic design the main features are: design as from a number of design elements of a system, every design element of independence, there are various elements of the organic links and a level of all the design elements Combined, you can design systems to achieve the task. Systematic design idea in the 1970s by the German scholar Professor Pahl and Beitz, a system based on the theory, developed a design of the general pattern, and advocate of the design work should be rational. German Engineers Association in this on the basis of design, develop standards VDI2221 "technology systems and product development design methods. The development of the product design process of mechanical model, basically follow the German standards VDI2221 the design. In addition, many of our product design and scholars in the programme design and also learn from other developed countries cited the systematic design, which is representative: (1) The user needs as the product concept of functional characteristics, structural design and part design, process planning, operations control, and so on the basis of the product development process of the macro, the use of Quality Function layout methods, systems and information needs of users will be reasonable and effective And converted to the various stages of product development objectives and operations control technology means a point of order. (2) products as organisms on the level of life, and life systems through the use of the product design process can demand level of success and realize the concept of functional requirements of the specific levels and product design level. At the same time using the system icons to life the abstract expression of the functional requirements of products, product features a system structure. (3) the mechanical design system in the application of science into two basic questions: First, to design products as a system to process, to determine the best of its components (modules) and their mutual relations and the other is the product design Process as a system, according to the design objectives, correct and reasonable to determine the design of all aspects of the work and the various design stage. As each designer to study issues and to consider the perspective of the different emphases, to design a programme of specific research methods also differ. Here are some representative of the systematic design methods. ???? 1.1 design elements of With five design elements (functions, effects, effects of vector, shape and surface elements parameters) described "product solution" that a product design elements of the five identified, all the characteristics of products and value characteristics already identified. Chinese scholars have also adopted similar design methods described product of the original understanding. ???? 1.2 graphical modeling law Development of the "design analysis and guidance systems" KALEIT, with a clear level of the graphic description of the product structure and functions related to the abstract information, and the system structure and function graphical modeling, as well as functional connections between the layers. Will be assisted design divided into two methods and information exchange, the use of Nijssen information analysis methods can be used graphic symbols, with a variety of semantic model structure, the integration can be described conditions can be divided into binding type, can relations between any combination of features , Will design solutions and information technology integration, the design process to achieve a different level of abstraction of information between the graphical modeling. The literature [11] semantic network design as a design tool in the development of the semantic network design ASK, using nodes and a network of lines describing the design, said node components of the unit (such as the design tasks, functions, components Or processing equipment, etc.), and lines used to adjust the definition node between different semantic relations, which in the design process for all the activities and results of pre-built model, the early design requirements to the definition of a specific structure can be described by the Relations between the definition of the expression, and a computer-aided design process from abstract to concrete leap. ???? 1.3 "idea" - "design" law Will be divided into product design "concept" and "design" in two stages. "Concept" stage of the task is to seek, select and design portfolio to meet the requirements of the original understanding of tasks. "Design" stage of work is the concrete realization of the original understanding of the conceptual stage. The programme will be "ideas" for the specific description: According to a suitable functional structure, designed to meet the requirements of the mandate of the original understanding. Functional structure of the sub-function by "structural elements" to achieve, and "structural elements" of the physical connection between the definition of "functional carrier", "functional carrier" and "structural elements" and formation of the interaction between the functional diagram ( Mechanical movement diagram). Programme of "design" is based on functional diagram, the first qualitative description of all the "functional carrier" and "structural elements", then all the quantitative description of "structural elements" and connecting pieces ( "functional vector") the shape and location have The structure of. Roper, H. use of graph theory theory, the help from his definition of "total design unit (GE)", "structure elements (KE)", "functional structure elements (FKE)", "connecting structure elements (VKE)", "Structural parts (KT)", "structural elements parts (KET)" concept, and describes elements of size, location and transmission parameters of the relationship between the number of thumbs, the design expert intuitive way to design a formal Description of the formation of effective application of existing knowledge of methods, and applied to the "idea" and "design" stage. From the design methodology of the point of view, the design task will be clear after the design work is divided into three steps: 1) access to functions and functional structure (referred to as "functional"), 2) find effects (referred to as the "effect"); ) To find structure (referred to as "the configuration of the Rules"). And described by the following four strategies Mechanical Product concept stage of the process: Strategy 1: were considered "functional" and "effect" and "configuration rules." Therefore, we can work in various steps to create variations in the respective programmes, resulting in the original understanding of the broad spectrum. Strategy 2: "effect" and "configuration rules" (including the designer to create the rules) association, to consider a separate function (usually associated with the design task). At this point, to identify the typical configuration rules and their effects need to have a wealth of experience, the programme spectrum far less than a strategy of the programme spectrum. Strategy 3: "functional" and "effect", "configuration rules" are closely related. Applicable to the function, and the configuration of the rules of no choice, with special requirements of the areas, such as ultra-small machinery, large machinery, high-value function parts, and those with special requirements of the functional components, and so on. Strategy 4: In view of the structural design requirements of the solution. The strategy starting from the existing parts, through different parts of the order and connection, was expected to function. ???? 1.4 Matrix Design In the programme design process used in "requirement - to" logic tree ( "or" tree) described requirements, the relationship between the function, to satisfy the requirements of functional design solution set, a different design. According to "request - to" logic tree establishment of a "request - to" association matrix, meet the requirements necessary to describe the complex relationship between function, expressed functional requirements and the relationship between the one-to-one. Kotaetal will matrix as a mechanical system design basis, the mechanical system design space as a functional decomposition of space, only that each sub-space design of a module, in the abstract phase of the high-level, with each module design movement conversion matrix And a vector for the operation of restraint that in the abstract phase of the low-rise, each module design parameters were expressed as a matrix and the equation of motion. ???? 1.5 bond graph Law Will form a system components into the function to generate energy, energy consumption, changing energy forms, such as various types of energy transmission and use of bond graph of the function of the components that will be based on the functions of the model and bonding with plans to achieve functional The automatic generation of structural and functional structure and bonding between the automatic conversion plans to seek bond graph generated by a number of design methods. 2, modular design structure From the perspective of planning products: the definition of its mandate to design features of the product structure is based on the use of existing products (such as GM parts components, etc.) described the design task, that is, when the mandate of decomposition on each task to consider whether there is the corresponding Solutions products, so that in the planning stages of product design tasks to eliminate the contradictions that might exist in the early forecast production capacity, costs and the development of the process of designing the plan adjustable, which can improve the design efficiency and design of reliability, At the same time also reduce the cost of new products. Feldmann will describe the function of the design task is divided into four levels of product structure, (1) products → (2) functional components → (3) main function components → (4) functional components. And the use of application-oriented features of the directory structure, a more specific functional components of the qualitative and quantitative description. At the same time developed for early in the product development and design tools used by early STRAT. Machinery specialized for most of that function can be used existing product solutions and new solutions with only a small number of special features, therefore, for the use of mechanical design features of the product structure, machinery specialized for the evaluation of the design, manufacture risk is very beneficial. Functional Analysis of the products promoted on the basis of the product is broken down into a function of one or more of the basic modular structure, through the selection and combination of these modular structure formed into various products. These basic structure can be parts, components, or even a system. The ideal modular structure should be standardized interface (connectivity and with the Department of), and is serialized, universal, integrated, hierarchical, flexible, economic, with interchangeable, compatibility and relevance of the . China's combination of software component technology and CAD technology, design and composition of deformation design combined, according to grade modular theory, machine processing center will be divided into Youdadaoxiao product level, component level, component-level and component level, and use CAD technology and expertise to their portfolio into different species, different specifications of the functional module, the module from the combination of these functions into different processing center overall programme. To select a design for the directory structure of the variation machinery tools, the design of the proposed elements for a complete, structured format, a solution set design directory. And Set Design listed in the directory comment on each of the additional information, very beneficial to design engineers choice of the elements. According to the connectivity features of mechanical parts and components, will be summarized into four types: 1) The components of direct targeting, and self-adjustment of parts, 2) a common structure of the assembly, 3) have nested structure and inlay Shell-like components of the connection, 4) a modular architecture and modular components of the connection. And a quasi-symbols that the typical components and rules of the connection between the components, to achieve this connection between the components of the algorithm and the concept of visualization. In the mechanical system design, "features a" module on the functions of decomposition, and provides the best functional decomposition "tablets" of the extent of the functional and institutional forms of one-to-one. "Structure to establish" as a function of the module is the choice of targets in order to achieve mapping algorithm. 3, based on knowledge of product design features Knowledge-based product design features of the main features are: to use the computer to identify the language describing the characteristics of the product design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to establish the appropriate knowledge base and reasoning machine, and then use the storage areas have been established by the knowledge and reasoning Mechanisms to achieve computer-aided design products. The mechanical system design is based on products with the characteristics, and design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to push volume and decision-making, the completion of several comprehensive. To achieve this stage of the computer-aided design, we must study the automatic acquisition of knowledge, expression, integration, coordination, management and use. To this end, the scholars at home and abroad designed for mechanical systems design knowledge of automated processing done a lot of research work, the method used can be summarized in the following few. ??? 3.1 coding method According to "campaign conversion" feature (the function million) institutions will be classified, described and use the code function yuan and institutional categories, which established a "body system design expert system" Knowledge Base. On this basis, will be the dual logic and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of combining theory, the establishment of the "expert systems" reasoning mechanism, and for the four-position for the design of the machine. Use of biological evolution theory, through natural selection and sexual reproduction to the principle of evolution of organisms to the body design, use of network theory methods to express the structure for topology, and then through the coding technology, the structure and institutions Performance of individual chromosomes into the binary string, and in accordance with design requirements of fitness, the use of biological evolution theory of reproduction control mechanism, through the selection, crossover, such as a sudden variation means to eliminate low value of the individual are not suited to the fast evolution Be the best adaptation of the individual, that is, most with the design requirements of the agency programme. ? ? 3.2 knowledge of the law mixed The complex mechanical systems design, mixed use of the knowledge expression describes the design of various types of knowledge is particularly suited to this point has been the design of many scholars of the consensus. In the development of complex product design intelligent decision support system DMDSS, will be the rules, framework, processes and neural networks, and other knowledge that organic combination of methods to adapt to different types of knowledge in the design of the description. Knowledge will be a single expression of a variety of methods (rules, framework and process), according to object-oriented programming principles, the framework of the groove with that object's properties, with rules that target the dynamic characteristics, with the knowledge that the treatment process, group Into a hybrid form of knowledge, and successfully developed the "object-oriented NC gantry milling machine gearbox design intelligent system GBCDIS" and "transmission structure design expert system GBSDES". ???? 3.3 use of the knowledge-based development tool Coupling in the CAD system, the use of the knowledge-based development tools NEXPERT-OBJECT, through the use of object-oriented approach, to create an object-oriented database design method for coupling the designer to design and structural design Provided extensive and reliable method of the design spectrum. NEXPERT describe the use of linear guide the design of the need to design based on knowledge of the content, which seek to knowledge-based solutions, and developed a linear guide design expert system. ???? 3.4 Design Law Directory Construction of the "modules", "functional element solution" and "institutions" three progressive design directory, and this directory of three progressive design principles of the programme as a mechanical transmission system intelligent design and development of the knowledge base of design Aids. ???? 3.5 Based on the example of the way In the development of expert systems design knowledge base, using the basic predicate described design requirements, design conditions and the selected programme, described by frame "Project" and various "concept entity," through case-based reasoning of the technologies used to produce candidate With the horsepower to product design requirements. 4, Intelligent Design Intelligent Design is the main characteristics: According to the theories of design, through the use of 3D graphics software, intelligent design software and virtual reality technology, and multimedia, hypermedia tools for product development design, the concept of products, description of the product結構. In the use of mathematical systems theory at the same time, consider the theory of systems engineering, product design technology and systems development methodology VDI2221, developed for use in the early design of multimedia software development system MUSE. Automatic teller machines in the design, the product of the entire development process summed up as "product planning" and "development" and "production planning" three stages, and made full use of existing CAD cutting-edge technology - virtual reality technology. 1) product planning - idea products. Its task is to identify the external characteristics of products, such as color, shape, surface quality, ergonomics and so on, and the initial idea of using 3D CAD model show, to establish the appearance of the product simple model,