立式軸承座鉆孔組合機床設(shè)計-外文文獻

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1Design of the Vertical Bearings Hole Drill BedZhang YinbaoLiu ShaoweiAbstract: This essay narratives the basic steps of upright axle bearing seat borehole combination and main points of designation of the combination machine toolsKeywords: The vertical axle bearing seat drills constituting a machine tool Design1 Allotting working procedure, booking the labor placeProduction type analysisThe vertical axle bearing seat machine tools designed this time and parts processed extensively apply to the use of the automobile and belong to the mass production project, therefore we should pay attention to that when designing we should make the process as simple as we can without affecting the quality.Working out the process schemeDividing working procedure needs to think the production scale, accuracy, characteristics of a machine tool used and the situation of the machine tool loaded. Dividing working procedure has two kinds of tendencies: concentrating the working procedure and s dispersing working procedure. The working procedure concentrated and the dispersed have their own strong points. Generally speaking, improving efficacy in mass production need adopt multicut , single axis and polyaxis automation or semi-automatic machine tool broadly. The poleaxis and the machine tool adopt concentrating working procedure in order to gain outstanding effect.That the axle bearing seat machine tools designed this time uses concentrating working procedureas much as possible in order to bring the merits of the combination machine tools into full play and makes the various error diminution arrive at the floor at the same time.Because the distances between of the ten parts are too close, it is inappropriate to process. So the place is completed by two labors, then changes the locations of the parts.The main labor place chooses the following scheme after analysis: 1) loads and unloads , clamps; 2) drills 7 holes f13.5; 3) drill 3 holes one is f14 , the other 2 are thread 2bottom holes f14 , hole number is 8 , 9; 4) drills transverse direction hole f14; 5) expands hinge 7 holes f14.5; 6) tapping.2 Calculation of compound cutter cutting dosagesCut the dosages characteristicsThe regular work of a machine tool has very big something to do with to selecting and using cutting dosages reasonably, which means that choosing the appreciate cut speed and the job feed amounts ascertain rational cutting. Choosing appreciate cut dosages can make the combination machine tool cut down the parking loss, improve production efficiency, prolong the cutter increased longevity, and improve the quality of processing.Designing the lead cover The diameters of the 7 holes processed are is 14.5mm, followed the lead cover length, the internal diameter dimension of it, deviation and shift relations of the ideal hole axis location. The cover lengths of holes from No.1 ~ NO.7 and NO.8 ~ NO. are (32 ~ 40) mm and the bottom hole diameter are 14.5 mms, inside diameter dimension deviation is 0.016 ~ + + 0.034, ideal hole axis location offsets for (0.15 ~ 0.20) mm.Calculation of processing a hole dosagesUse high-speed steel drill to process this casting HB = 204 (drill NO.1 ~ NO. 7 holes, II labors place; drill NO.8 ~ NO.10 hole, III labors); Bore bit diameter: 14.5 mms; Cut dosages: V = (10 ~ 18) m/min, s = (0.18 ~0.2 5mm/r, rotation rate 350 r/min.With high-speed steel drill drill transverse direction hole f16 (IV labor, the place) processes a diameter: 16 mms; Cut dosages vs = (10 ~ 18) m/min; S = (0.18 ~ 0.25) mm/r; Rotation rate 350 r/minUse carbide alloy reamer to expand the reaming 1 ~ 7 number holes (V labor place) on labor place V , expand to ream 7 Kong Shi , adopt to expand the hinge compound cutter, feed amounts choosing according to the reamer , cut speed choose according to the broach , enter and the upper limit should select and use permission value according to minimal diameter of compound cutter upper limit for amounts , cutting speed be that the maximum diameter selects and uses permission value according to compound cutter.Process a diameter: 14.5 mm; Cut dosages: V = (8 ~ 10) m/min , ses = 0.25 mm/r , rotation rate 280 r/min; Reamer cutter arbor and nominal guiding part diameter d + 0.08; 3Reamer common difference: -0.036; Cutter arbor guiding part common difference: -0.006 ~- 0.0017; Lead the cover inside diameter common difference: + 0.024 ~ 0.006.The hole processing procedure room margin in common use reaming is 10 ~ 20, the upper diameter working procedure margin is (1.5 ~ 2.0) mm; provides the reaming diameter to 10 ~20 ;diameter room margin is (0.10 ~ 0.20 ) mm . (all the reference offered by Dong Feng Automobile Co. equipment manufactory design section.3 The component selection and usageChoosing power standardThe driving force component has been used to realize the rotation and the moving forward of the cutting tooling. This machine tool has come true cutting tooling rotation and moving forward. Each driving force head has certain power range according to the cut power and the need of the moving forward power calculated to improve the possibility of the cut dosage, choose the appreciate drive force head, the formula as follows:N moves> (N eager + N of N entering)/ hkW.Among it: N moves is driving force head electric motor power; N eager is cut power , the force and power already have been calculated according to each tooling’s cut dosages from "the conbination machine tool cut force and power calculation formula "; N entering is feed power , which is feed power consumed by oil pump for hydraulic pressure driving force, being (0.8 ~ 2) kW in general; H is drive efficiency , the ding-dang main spindle box is less than 15 time , h = 0.7, more than 15 time , h = 0.65.Machine tool actual powerThis upright combination machine tool retinue is allotted two electric motors drive many two axle boxes to carry out treating. To many axle boxes of half parts of left cutter, in the hole processing NO.1 ~ NO.7 and the III labor place processes 10 Kong Shi Qi power sum as well as:N/kW = 0.29 X 7 + 0.283 = 2.313Left main spindle box is less than 15 follows the bore bit , soH = 0.7, N/kW = 2.313/0.7 = 3.3To many axle boxes of half parts of right cutter, the labor V, the place expands hinge 4NO.1 ~ NO.7 holes and the actual power attacking silk , the bore bit actual power:N/kW = 0.1427 X 7 = 1.0Right main spindle box less than 15 bore bits, soH = 0.7, N/kW = 1 / 0.7 = 1.43Select and use an electric motorsince this machine tool has no special requirement in the field of drive, select and use the average ,also the most reliable Y series electric motor, which is close self dyadic cold fan mouse cage type three-phase asynchronization electric motor , substitutesing the J02 series renovation and upgrade product.The left half part required power is 3.3 kW. Check the Y series three-phase asynchronization electric motor form and select and use the Y112M26 type electric motor. Fixed power is 5.5 kW . It is appreciate to select and use this type electric motor.The right half part right required power is 1.43 kW. Check the Y series three-phase asynchronization electric motor form and select and use the Y112M26 type electric motor. Fixed power is 2.2 kW. It is appreciate to select and use this type electric motor.4 Clamp designThe axle bearing seat drills constituting machine tool clamp analysisAccording to different conditions of the workpiece, there have various installation methods: a) look for installation method; b) the clamp installation way.The basic fixing position principle analyses：among the 6 o'clock fixes position discussed here and 6 liberty degree eliminating find out a righter allocation clamp scheme. A object can have independent 6 motion in space, which is moving along X , Y , Z-axis and separately use X1 , Y1 , Z1 to stand for ; Rotating round X , Y , Z-axis, write down for X2 , Y2 , Z2 . The 6 self-movement are called 6 liberty degree usually. If adopt certain constraint measure to remove the 6 liberty degree of the object, the object’s position will be fixed completely. Take a rectangular parallelepiped as an example, arrange 3 constraint point not on the same line in the basal plane , arrange 2 constraint point in the side , arrange a constraint point on the top face and the basal plane constraint point can restrict the three free degree X2 , Y2 , Z2. Side constraint point restricts two free degree X1 , Z1. This liberty degree on the top face restricts Y1, thus liberty 6 spends with regard to are 5restricted .That "two key elements " , direction and effects count the fastening motion force clamps force direction should be on the direction of the location component, making required fastening motion strenuously minimal together.Make sure that the location of clamping the force effect point should not destroy allocation. The location of clamping the force effect point should be close the process location as much as possible in order to diminish cutting a force go round the force moment clamping the force effect point to prevent workpiece from coming into being in the process of treating rotating or shake. We should ensure that fastening motion deformation does not affect process accuracy. The number of clamp force effect point should make workpiece accept a force homogeneously on entire contact surface , contact deformation smaller.Ascertain fix position clamping scheme This part belongs to hollow circular casting , the same allocation component has the V shape piece , the thimble fixing position assumes arch allocation, if selecting and using V shape piece allocation, liberty degree moving and winding X , Y axis revolution in Z-axis direction already eliminates, go round the liberty degree that Z-axis turns but have no way to eliminate, therefore using the localized V shape piece scheme is impractical during the period of the bore bit carries out treating. Whose bears fruit and uses V shape piece to be the same if making use of an arch to fix position,having no way to make workpiece stabilize on the direction going round Z-axis , decide to make use of the thimble fixing position to fix position finally.After annularity thimble excessiveness with H7/K6 or H7/js6 puts a thimble inside in coordination with putting the clamp , the part in, method removing , adopt pressure board at the same time in X , Y direction liberty degree; Make use of the ball head bolt to make pressure board hold the workpiece body down tightly.Under here pressure board effect, along zeta-axis revolution X2,and, along Z-axis revolution Z2 and along Z-axis direction Z1, liberty degree is all restricted. X1 , Y1 , Z1 , liberty degree such as X1 , Y1 are removed completely, but under pressure board pressure effect therefore under the effect copying a clamp here,between the part and the cutter friction big and powerful, in the process of treating axial force mutuality is counteracted 6and , the liberty degree in Z is also removed. Should carry out Kong Shi who processes transverse direction to labor place , IV, X1 , Y1 , Z1 liberty degree have already been removed , X2 , Y2 direction liberty degree have been removed also already , the liberty degree in Z2 direction has also been eliminated on Z2 direction, since controlling the unnatural effect uses workpiece.5 Chasing barAttack on combination machine tool when making thread, the part processes location distribution condition and technological requirements etc. , tapping in common use method has 3 kinds according to being processed: Adopt tapping driving force head tapping , adopt chasing bar tapping and adopt the tapping exercising tapping form board.Labor place treating designing that middle , half parts of right are completed V , VI here. The electric motor selects and uses chasing bar tapping only when 5.5 kW power , reasons think synthetically. Some side be used to be completed when attacking silk working procedure , broad all fields pawning entire platform machine tool or machine tool have adopt a chasing bar.The chasing bar is composed of tapping main spindle box and the tapping explorator head , is keeps certain relation, and is sets up since the explorator nut and the explorator pole are go through a grinding to match inkstone's together, to have pitch of screw error to compensate organization. The tapping making use of a chasing bar to be in progress therefore can reach higher accuracy.6 Constitute the machine tool cooling deviseCooling liquid gets rid of a machine tool besides playing cooling role to the cutter and workpiece , can get up in the film forming lubrication metal outside, to lubrication action. Contain sodium carbonate in a little cooling liquid, nitrous acid sodium waits for a slushing compound, their effect forming the colloidal adsorption film or oxide film , being able to make metal avert corrosion in the metal outside. Come when choosing cooling liquid as a result, to decide the material should accomplish handicraft , job operation , cutter material and the part being processed according to combination machine tool.When processing iron casting, oneself lubricates since casting iron containing black lead per se being able to, do not add cooling liquid in general. Cooling system sometimes 7flying upward , also increasing by in duplicate work for cutting down iron pink in processing, to improve handling condition. May adopt the mineral , 5%'s emulsion sometimes, whose emulsifier staple can be that the oxide ointment or vulcanization cuts oil. Whose formula is: Ointment 2% ~ 5%, rough process takes low value , finish machining takes good value; Nitrous acid sodium 0.2% ~ 0.25%; Anhydrous sodium carbonate 0.2% ~ 0.3%. Adopt lubricating liquid, to improve surface smoothness then when attacking silk on cast iron workpiece,consumption cutting down power. Adopt a kerosene generally , also, may adopt vulcanization to cut liquid and blending oil and so on.Concrete condition such as responding to the form , diameter size , job operation according to the cutter , cutting dosages ascertains the cooling liquid rate of flow , the design usage experience constituting a machine tool indicates, a kind of cutter , every average cutter cooling liquid rate of flow is (2 ~ 6) L/min about to the crescent-shaped knife with long handle knife , bore bit and milling cutter. Data recommendation chooses abroad according to processing a diameter, each the cutter cooling liquid rate of flow.7 The job cycle is explainedOne constituting machine tool , the person job cycle often is comparatively complicated, not only have several driving force head to carry out a job according to different circulation, and these circulation needs coordinating action other if the component, moving the working table , rotary table and drum wheel etc.Every driving force component is drawn support from according to the job stipulating that order is in progress controlling gear iron by program. Otherwise the job cycle is proper as far as possible simplicity moreover gating element ought to few, the machine tool cost of manufacture enlarges, the meeting also reduces the safe function.Originally, the combination machine tool is fit to be put into use in mass production , the efficacy improves greatly. For cost reduction, should select and use the compound cutter much , try one's best to achieve once taking shape, fall off pretending to grip number of times. The head who chooses the right electric motor and driving force, chooses proper cutting dosages and cuts speed.