2019-2020年高考英語總復習真題研練Week1Monday含解析.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語總復習真題研練Week1Monday含解析 Task 1：閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。 (xx·江蘇，B)Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct (本能) to help one another.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own food. In the laboratory，chimps don’t naturally share food either.If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no greater effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage，he will pull at random—he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish. Human children，on the other hand，are naturally cooperative.From the earliest ages，they desire to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving mon goals.The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children.He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help. There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded.A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(認知的)skills，at least when pared with chimps.In tests conducted by Tomasello，the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world. The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking.But beyond that，even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose.They actively seek to be part of a “we”，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇科技說明文。主要介紹的是通過實驗對比了黑猩猩與人類在相互幫助的本能方面的巨大不同。黑猩猩沒有相互幫助的本能，根本就不懂合作，而人卻從小就知道幫助他人，善于與他人合作，這是人類獨有的天性。 1．What can we learn from the experiment with chimps? A．Chimps seldom care about others’ interests. B．Chimps tend to provide food for their children. C．Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food. D．Chimps naturally share food with each other. 答案　A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據第一、二段可知，黑猩猩很少關心其他的黑猩猩，比如第二段中的例子：把鄰居的食物占為己有，根本不關心鄰居是否有東西吃。] 2．Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they ________． A．have the instinct to help others B．know how to offer help to adults C．know the world better than chimps D．trust adults with their hands full 答案　A　[細節(jié)判斷題。根據第三段中的Human children，on the other hand，are extremely cooperative.From the earliest ages，they decide to help others可判斷出，孩子有幫助他人的本能。] 3．The passage is mainly about ________． A．the helping behaviors of young children B．ways to train children’s shared intentionality C．cooperation as a distinctive human nature D．the development of intelligence in children 答案　C　[主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，通過實驗，發(fā)現黑猩猩沒有相互幫助的本能，根本就不懂合作，而人卻從小就知道幫助他人，善于與他人合作，這是人類獨有的天性。故C項為最佳答案。] Task 2：詞匯積累 1．cooperate vi.合作，配合 2．territory n．領土，范圍 3．one another彼此 4．decline v．謝絕，減少 5．at random隨便地 6．on the other hand另一方面 7．participate in參加，分享 8．no better than不比……好；幾乎等于 Task 3：攻克長難句 1．If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at random—he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. 分析：這是一個復合句，主句是he will pull at random，破折號后的句子對主句作進一步的解釋；在if引導的條件狀語從句中，where引導定語從句，修飾a cage；該定語從句又包含定語從句that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage，修飾a__plate。 2．He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help. 分析：在that引導的賓語從句中，if引導條件狀語從句，aged 18 months作定語，修飾babies；with hands full是with復合結構作定語，修飾an__unrelated__adult。