2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解詞義猜測題專練一猜測詞義類.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解詞義猜測題專練一猜測詞義類 (xx·甘肅省第一次高考診斷試卷) In China, there are usually two reasons why people receive messages from friends and relatives from whom they haven't heard for a while. The first is about New Year greetings, which are always wele. The second reason is often unpleasant, however; people are increasingly contacting long-lost friends, or even casual acquaintances, and urging them to cast online votes for their children or grandchildren in petitions. The practice, which has been growing rapidly, has now reached the point where people are being tired and may even feel annoyed. The results of a recent survey conducted by the Jinhua Evening News in East China's Zhejiang Province show that 94 percent of 384 interviewees were once asked by friends or relatives to cast votes online for their children. The contests range from the “cutest baby” to dancing petitions, but in many cases the people receiving the messages haven't heard from the sender for a long time and have never met the child involved. Although the petitions may appear to be harmless fun, some education professionals are concerned that they could have a negative effect on children. Tang Sulan, a member of the CPPCC's National mittee (全國政協(xié)委員會(huì)), proposed a ban on online petitions featuring children to prevent future psychological issues. She was also concerned that public disclosure of a child's personal information and publication of photos cause a potential risk to the child's safety. Li Hongyan, the mother of an 11-year-old girl and an 18-month-old boy in Beijing, said she has never urged others to vote for her children. Although on the surface the children are peting among themselves via their parents' social networks, the petitions are also about parents seeking a “sense of victory” for themselves, she said. “It feels as though parents are using their babies as tools to win glory for themselves, rather than truly respecting their kids' dignity and nature.” However, despite her dislike of the contests, she has twice voted for the babies of close friends because “it would be embarrassing to say no”． 體裁：議論文　題材：社會(huì)文化　主題：網(wǎng)上拉票 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　本文介紹了最近社會(huì)上常見的一種現(xiàn)象，有些家長為了給孩子在網(wǎng)上拉票，可謂不擇手段，甚至要求不常聯(lián)系的朋友和不熟悉的朋友投票。這種現(xiàn)象已讓越來越多的人感到厭煩和惱怒。文章通過《金華晚報(bào)》對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象的調(diào)查進(jìn)行了分析。 1．What is the best title for the text? A．Receiving Messages: An Unhappy Experience B．To Say No: An Embarrassing Experience C．A Dilemma: Vote or Not D．Child's Safety and Casting Votes Online 解析：C　主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知，一些專家提到這種現(xiàn)象會(huì)對(duì)孩子產(chǎn)生消極的影響，但最后一段談到如果你拒絕朋友的投票要求，會(huì)非常尷尬。因此，“投還是不投？”是一個(gè)進(jìn)退兩難的困境。故選C項(xiàng)。 2．What does the underlined word “disclosure” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Exposure.　 B．Concern. C．Reputation. D．petition. 解析：A　詞義猜測題。這里表達(dá)的意思是：一名政協(xié)委員擔(dān)心公開曝光孩子的個(gè)人信息和照片會(huì)對(duì)孩子的安全造成潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)詞根closure(關(guān)閉；倒閉；暫時(shí)封閉)，再結(jié)合前綴dis-(表示相反或否定)及語境可猜測出，disclosure意思是“透露的信息；披露”，與exposure“揭露；暴露”意義相近。故選A項(xiàng)。 3．What can be inferred from Li Hongyan's words? A．Her children don't want to join in those online petitions. B．She urges people to vote for the babies of her close friends. C．She agrees to bring the children to their parents' social networks. D．She opposes the idea of parents seeking votes for children. 解析：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句．.. never urged others to vote for her children.和最后一句However, despite her dislike of the contests...可知，李紅艷反對(duì)父母給孩子拉選票這種現(xiàn)象。故選D項(xiàng)。 B (xx·貴州省普通高等學(xué)校招生適應(yīng)性考試) When I was in college, I spent a semester studying abroad at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, Scotland. In my brief time there, I came to love Scotland for its local culture, food and scenery. You might think, “Scotland isn't so different from the US; they still speak English there！” But when I stepped off the plane, I was greeted by a gruff-voiced (聲音粗啞的) lady at customs. “You'll be ing from America, then？” She asked me, and I nodded. “But all of our guys are leaving Glasgow for the States！” Her thick Scottish English and sense of humor were obvious right away. I was not in the US any more, where customs agents never joke around. As I settled in at the university, I could feel myself getting used to hearing — and even speaking — the Scottish English of my customs agent. In classroom discussions, people would say “em” when they couldn't think of what to say instead of “um”， which was great fun. After the first few weeks, I stopped chuckling about this. Strathclyde students stayed up late into the night, running around campus and shouting, “Go! Lat's go, lat's go, lat's go (curse word) Glasgow！” Pretty soon, I was no longer saying “thanks” at the supermarket — instead, I said “cheers”． My Scottish friends drank whiskey and ate haggis (羊雜碎布丁). I drank plenty of whiskey but I was ashamed to admit that I wasn't brave enough to try haggis. Scottish bakeries usually sell bridies (肉餡餅). Add a cup of tea — though I usually Americanized it by choosing coffee instead — and a bridie makes for a delicious breakfast. Every time I took a train anywhere in Scotland, I'd gaze out at the rolling hills and wonder if grass was greener than anywhere else in the world. Then I'd reflect that there's a reason this country was the birthplace of golf. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文介紹了“我”在蘇格蘭學(xué)習(xí)期間的體驗(yàn)：居民友好，食物獨(dú)特，景色優(yōu)美，蘇格蘭英語與美式英語有區(qū)別。 【難句分析】　In classroom discussions, people would say “em” when they couldn't think of what to say instead of “um”， which was great fun. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中when they couldn't think of what to say instead of “um”為when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句；句中 which was great fun為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句。 譯文：在教室里討論時(shí)，當(dāng)想不起來要說什么時(shí)，他們總是說“em”而不是“um”，這真的很有趣。 4．What did the author think of the lady at customs? A．Impolite. B．Friendly. C．Serious. D．Calm. 解析：B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Her thick Scottish English and sense of humor were obvious right away. I was not in the US any more, where customs agents never joke around”可知，作者認(rèn)為她的蘇格蘭英語和幽默用得恰到好處，而美國的海關(guān)工作人員卻從來不跟人開玩笑；據(jù)此可推斷，作者認(rèn)為這位在海關(guān)工作的女士是友好的，故B項(xiàng)正確。 5．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “chuckling” in Paragraph 3? A．Talking loudly. B．paring. C．Laughing quietly. D．Hearing. 解析：C　考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“In classroom discussions, people would say... was great fun. After the first few weeks, I stopped chuckling about this”并結(jié)合“Pretty soon, I．.. said ‘cheers’”可推知，在教室討論時(shí)，“我”發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的發(fā)音很有趣，幾周后，“我”適應(yīng)了他們的發(fā)音，所以不再偷笑。故畫線詞意為“偷笑”，C項(xiàng)正確。 6．What is the author's purpose of writing the text? A．To explain why Scotland is famous for golf. B．To promote the development of Scottish catering trade. C．To introduce different pronunciations of “em” and “um”． D．To share his experiences in Scotland as an exchange student. 解析：D　考查目的意圖。通讀全文并結(jié)合第一段中的“In my brief time there, I came to love Scotland for its local culture, food and scenery”可知，本文旨在和讀者分享“我”在蘇格蘭做交換生期間所感受到的蘇格蘭文化、美食和美景，故D項(xiàng)正確。 C (xx·湖南長沙高三年級(jí)統(tǒng)一模擬) A new study by the British government has discovered the mental health of the country's teenage girls has bee worse. The survey, which included 30,000 14-year-old students in xx and xx, showed 37 percent of girls with psychological stress, up from 34 percent in xx. British boys' stress level was actually seen to fall over the same time period, from 17 percent to 15 perecent. The report's authors pointed out the “advent of the social media age” could be a major contributing factor for increased stress among teenage British girls. “The adolescent years are a time of rapid physical, cognitive (認(rèn)知的) and emotional development，” Pam Ramsden, a lecturer in psychology at the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom, wrote in a recent blog post. “Teenagers interact with people in order to learn how to bee petent (有能力的) adults. In the past, they would engage with parents, teachers and other adults in their munity as well as extended family members and friends. Now we can also add social media to that list of social and emotional development.” Throughout adolescence, girls and boys develop characteristics like confidence and self-control. Since teenage brains have not pletely developed, teens don't have the cognitive awareness and impulse (沖動(dòng)) control to keep from posting inappropriate content. Furthermore, this content can easily be spread far and wide with disastrous influences. Social media can also feed into girls' insecurities about their appearance, Ramsden said. These sites are often filled with images of people with body type unattainable to the normal person. However, these images and the messages tied to them gradually bee societal standards. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　 一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，英國少女的心理健康狀況變得更糟；分析表明，社交媒體時(shí)代的到來可能是造成英國少女心理壓力加大的主要因素。 【難句分析】　The report's authors pointed out the “advent of the social media age” could be a major contributing factor for increased stress among teenage British girls. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句，句中the “advent of the social media age” could be a major contributing factor for increased stress among teenage British girls為省略了that的賓語從句，作動(dòng)詞短語pointed out的賓語。 譯文：報(bào)告的作者指出，“社交媒體時(shí)代的到來”可能是造成英國少女心理壓力增加的主要因素。 7．The statistics in the second paragraph show that ________. A．more and more children in Britain have mental health problems B．few girls in Britain suffered from psychological stress in xx C．more boys in Britain are suffering from mental pressure now D．more British girls feel psychologically stressed than boys do now 解析：D　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段的第一句可知，調(diào)查顯示，xx年37%的英國少女有心理壓力，而xx年只有34%；根據(jù)第二段的第二句可知，同期調(diào)查顯示，英國少年有心理壓力是從xx年的17%降到xx年的15%。據(jù)此可以判斷，英國少女有心理壓力的比少年多，故D項(xiàng)正確。 8．Contrary to traditional ways of interaction, social media ________. A．helps teenagers develop qualities like confidence and self-control B．has many negative effects on girls' characteristic development C．makes teens aware of potential danger of the inappropriate content D．teaches girls to care about their appearance to meet societal standards 解析：B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段的最后一句“Furthermore, this content can easily be spread far and wide with disastrous influences”和最后一段第一句的“Social media can also feed into girls' insecurities about their appearance”可知，由于青少年的思想還不成熟，自控能力有限，社交媒體對(duì)英國少女的心理健康和她們對(duì)外表美丑的判斷產(chǎn)生了消極的影響。故B項(xiàng)正確。 干擾項(xiàng)分析：根據(jù)第五段的第一句可知，A項(xiàng)與文意不符；根據(jù)第五段的第二句可知C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)最后一段的第一句可知D項(xiàng)與文意不符。 9．The underlined word “advent” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________”． A．a(chǎn)rrival B．end C．disappearance D．invention 解析：A　考查詞義猜測。結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容和下文關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)交流方式和社交媒體的比較可知，報(bào)告的作者指出，“社交媒體時(shí)代的到來”可能是造成英國少女心理壓力增加的主要因素。據(jù)此可知，畫線詞意為“到來”，故A項(xiàng)正確。 干擾項(xiàng)分析：B項(xiàng)意為“結(jié)束”，C項(xiàng)意為“消失”，D項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)明”，都與語境不符。