上海市中考英語(yǔ)作文輔導(dǎo)資料.ppt

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中考作文輔導(dǎo),By Tony,審題,確定寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容,寫(xiě)人,敘事,議論,應(yīng)用文,動(dòng)筆,Brain Storm,寫(xiě)下涉及該題的各種聯(lián)想和論點(diǎn),選擇語(yǔ)句,運(yùn)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)排列語(yǔ)句,轉(zhuǎn)折：but, yet, however, though, although, 時(shí)間，順序：first, second, next, and, then, after that, finally. firstly, secondly, finally (last but not least) at the same time, from now on, in the end, at last 遞進(jìn)：besides, also, in addition,also, not only.but also, what's more 解釋?zhuān)?. in other words 2. or 3. That is to say.,作文常用連接詞語(yǔ),作文常用詞語(yǔ),因果：because, because of, therefore, so,as a result, thus 例舉：such as, like, for example, and so on, 肯定：of course, certainly, 對(duì)照：1. instead 2. instead of 3. On the contrary. 總結(jié)：1.Generally speaking.2.To tell you the truth.3 Believe it or not. 4. All in all.5 In a word.6. On the whole.7.For these reasons. 8. That is why.9. As we all know.=As is known to us… 轉(zhuǎn)換話(huà)題：1.In my opinion.2.In fact.3. By the way. 4.I am afraid.,修飾,注意時(shí)態(tài)和人稱(chēng),寫(xiě)人,敘事,議論,,,,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句：名詞性從句 定語(yǔ)從句 狀語(yǔ)從句 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 感嘆句,修飾,檢查,句子流暢 時(shí)態(tài) 單詞拼寫(xiě) 冠詞 大小寫(xiě) 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),一．審題 寫(xiě)好作文必先審題，明確所給的提示或 圖表的內(nèi)容要求，確定寫(xiě)什么，怎么寫(xiě)， 怎樣在適當(dāng)?shù)牡胤教岢鏊鶎?xiě)文章的健康 積極的中心論點(diǎn)；思路討巧和視角新穎 也可使文章增色不少。,二．結(jié)構(gòu) 要考慮好文章的體裁和布局，一般來(lái)說(shuō), 文章包括三個(gè)組成部分：主題句點(diǎn)出主旨， 發(fā)展部分用事實(shí)、例子、理由、數(shù)據(jù)等來(lái) 發(fā)揮闡明主題，說(shuō)明或支持主旨，結(jié)尾 句起總結(jié)、歸納或概括全段中心的作用。,三．表達(dá)方式,1 文章中不要總用同一個(gè)常用的詞， 相同意思可用不同單詞表達(dá)如many 可換用millions of，a number of等詞。,2 采用多種句式，避免在整篇文章中 只使用一兩個(gè)句式 。引入從句、各種 語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣，或諺語(yǔ),4 使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞、插入語(yǔ)，使文章 有較強(qiáng)的連貫性，適當(dāng)?shù)刈⒁馕恼碌?開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾的文采。,3 改變句子的開(kāi)頭方式。不要一味地 用主語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭,適當(dāng)使用狀語(yǔ)提前。,四.復(fù)查修改 整篇作文寫(xiě)完后，一定要仔細(xì)檢查， 查看有無(wú)遺漏的要點(diǎn)和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)， 并檢查字母的大小寫(xiě)、單詞拼寫(xiě)， 特別要注意文中的動(dòng)詞（主謂一致、 時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)）使用的正確性以及字?jǐn)?shù) 是否符合要求。,A（15-18分）能寫(xiě)出全部或絕大部分內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；語(yǔ)言基本無(wú)誤，行文連貫，表達(dá)清楚。 B（12-14.5分）能寫(xiě)出大部分內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；語(yǔ)言基本無(wú)誤，行文基本連貫，表達(dá)基本清楚。 C（8-11.5分）能寫(xiě)出部分內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；語(yǔ)言有較多錯(cuò)誤，尚能達(dá)意。 D（4-7.5分）只能寫(xiě)出少部分內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)；語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤很多。 E（0-3.5分）只能寫(xiě)出與所要求內(nèi)容有關(guān)的一些單詞或幾個(gè)句子。,先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來(lái)衡量， 確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。對(duì)緊扣主題的適當(dāng)發(fā)揮不予扣分。,短文字?jǐn)?shù)要控制在60-80字，文章太短太長(zhǎng)都將扣分。 在書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)要字跡清晰、整潔、格式正確，大小寫(xiě)分明、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)應(yīng)正確使用。,本題滿(mǎn)分為18分，依據(jù)內(nèi)容、語(yǔ)言和結(jié)構(gòu)按五個(gè)檔次給分。,評(píng)分時(shí),細(xì)節(jié)失分莫忽略,這里推薦大家采用一種行之有效的練習(xí)方法，就是模仿寫(xiě)作。 如果我們每次寫(xiě)作都在同一語(yǔ)言水平寫(xiě)，而不注意隨時(shí)的積累，提高速度就會(huì)比較緩慢。 寫(xiě)作中重要的構(gòu)成因素，除了語(yǔ)言以外，謀篇布局的邏輯其實(shí)是很重要的。如果從投入 產(chǎn)出上比較背誦范文和模仿寫(xiě)作，后者幫助提高的效果應(yīng)該是更快些。因?yàn)楹笳弑惹罢吒?有針對(duì)性。你能通過(guò)寫(xiě)完之后的比較，更好的發(fā)現(xiàn)自己寫(xiě)作中或思維上的問(wèn)題。但對(duì)于 基礎(chǔ)弱的、沒(méi)法成句的學(xué)生是必須要記一些的，這樣保證在考試緊張時(shí)，起碼能完成 寫(xiě)作任務(wù)。如果積累到一定水平之后，自然就會(huì)練就更多的謀篇布局的方式方法。再次 強(qiáng)調(diào)，對(duì)于大部分的學(xué)生因把主要精力放在謀篇布局和句型結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇上。 建議大量閱讀范文和模仿寫(xiě)作同步進(jìn)行。在一篇范文中看到的好句子，爭(zhēng)取自己在 下一篇的寫(xiě)作中就把它用出去。,1. 審題不清 依據(jù)作文的評(píng)分原則，若文章內(nèi)容不切題，則不管語(yǔ)言如何規(guī)范、用詞如何準(zhǔn)確，都會(huì) 被判為零分。 2.拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤 有拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤的作文肯定會(huì)被酌情扣分，而且有大量拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤存在的作文不僅體現(xiàn)出語(yǔ)言 基本功差，同時(shí)也直接影響內(nèi)容的表達(dá)，通常會(huì)降低作文的檔次。 3.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題： 4.缺少動(dòng)詞 英語(yǔ)中每個(gè)完整的句子都必須有動(dòng)詞來(lái)構(gòu)成 5.缺少介詞、冠詞等 因?yàn)闆](méi)有熟練掌握介詞或者冠詞的用法，不了解中英文語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣的不同，也會(huì)出現(xiàn)明 顯的錯(cuò)誤，造成丟分現(xiàn)象。 6.代詞的誤用 是考生最容易發(fā)生的錯(cuò)誤。 7.句子不完整 因?yàn)閷?duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)認(rèn)識(shí)模糊，所以出現(xiàn)只寫(xiě)半句的現(xiàn)象，這也是造成失分的原因之一。 8.前后不一致 所謂不一致，包括數(shù)的不一致、時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致、主謂不一致等. 9.時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的搭配錯(cuò)誤 10.綜合性錯(cuò)誤： 指單詞的大小寫(xiě)和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的錯(cuò)誤等，以及形容詞和副詞的混淆、連詞的誤用等等。,學(xué)生例文,The life as a Grade Nine student MY life in Grade Nine is busy but colourful. During the last five months I have been through so many things such basketball games and different contests that I hardly have the chance to take a day off, but it is still great to have this kind of experience.,I have worked hard for eight years and I’ll keep working hard in order to have a bright future. The plan I have for the whole year is to work harder than before and study more efficiently. Time goes by quickly and the following six months is very important to me in my whole life. No pains, no gains. I will not waste a single minute and do the best I can to make great progress.,(1),This is a photo of my class teacher. She is Mrs Wang. She likes beautiful and lovely. She is helpful. But she usually lose his temper easly. She has two big eyes and a long hair. She is very response. I like she very much.She teach us Chinese .She usually say: “please copy it 100 time!” She is very angry. When she is happy. She is very funny. She like play traits on us, This is my class teacher, A funny, beautiful,lovely, and helpful teacher. We all like she very much. (105words),(2),My class teacher is Mrs Zhong. And she is a strict teacher. All of us must be agree with she. Because she seldom smiled and ask all of us to be better. And she is a wonderful teacher as well. First, the last batch student whom she taught were good and outstanding. Second, her speech always make us think about future in order to study to get a good future. And then, she is beautiful at heart. Although we are such bad, she teach us___.And across all of these, she is a good class teacher. (110 words),(3),My class teacher is Miss Wang. She teaches us Chinese. She is good-looking . I think she is very responsible. Because she doesn’t only teach us Chinese but also teach us how to learn Chinese well. She is always polite and helpful to others. She humorous and makes us burst into laughter. When I saw her for the first time, I though she was gentle and kind. She is always in fashion, but if we do something wrong, she will lose her temper. Many students is afraid of her because she loses her temper easily. She always teach us how to be a true man. We learn a lot from that. She is ___ attractive that most of us respect her. (122 words),My Free Time As a Grade Nine student, I don’t have as much free time as before. I have to attend classes at weekends. Although my life is full of work, I still feel happy. I usually play basketball and tennis when I am free. They are my favorite sports. In my opinion, playing ball games is thought of as a good form of exercise. These activities enable me to calm myself down, so that I can do better in studying and working. Reading is also my hobby. I often read books which are written in English such as “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”、“Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes” and so on. They are worth reading because the plots are wonderful and unforgettable. It is also an opportunity for me to improve my English. Don’t take for granted that all we can do in free time is to play. Believe it or not, we can also benefit from that.,The Life as A Grade 9 Student How time flies! Now I’m a grade nine student. Actually I feel the life is quite different from it used to be. Now I’m as busy as a bee. There’s a lot of homework, exams and quizzes. The only feeling I have now is : The life as a Grade Nine student is very busy and challenging ! ! There’s an old saying: He who fails to plan plans to fail. I don’t want to fail, so I create a plan for the whole year : Since nothing is difficult if I put my heart into it, I will change my attitude towards maths and physics which I am poor at now. I’ll spend the following six months efficiently. I’ll try my best to benefit from what teachers will teach us in class. As there’s no elevator to success, I’ll do everything step by step! ! I believe that I can do ---- Xue Zhuxin Class 7,中考英語(yǔ)作文十大常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤分析,俗話(huà)說(shuō)“千里之行始于足下”。英語(yǔ)作文能力的形成不是一日之功，必須從平時(shí)的課堂學(xué)習(xí)一點(diǎn)一滴抓起，持之以恒。 一篇優(yōu)秀的英語(yǔ)作文在內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言?xún)煞矫鎽?yīng)是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一體，任何一方面的欠缺都會(huì)直接影響到作文的質(zhì)量。然而，很多考生在寫(xiě)作中或者由于粗心大意，或者由于基本功不扎實(shí)而經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)名詞不變復(fù)數(shù)、第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)不加s，前后不一致，以及時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、句子完整性等方面的錯(cuò)誤。,依據(jù)作文的評(píng)分原則，若文章內(nèi)容不切題，則不管語(yǔ)言如何規(guī)范、用詞如何準(zhǔn)確，都會(huì)被判為零分。例如:一篇以 “我的健康飲食”為標(biāo)題的文章學(xué)生如果寫(xiě)成了以某種菜的做法或感謝媽媽為他每天做飯的文章,不管用詞多么恰當(dāng),語(yǔ)言多么感人,都不能獲得高分.所以寫(xiě)作文之前要先審題,最好列出提綱.做到要寫(xiě)什么一目了然.,1. 審題不清,,2.拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤,拼寫(xiě)是考生應(yīng)該具備的最起碼的基本功，但在考生的作文中卻經(jīng)常能發(fā)現(xiàn)很多拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤. 有大量拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤存在的作文不僅體現(xiàn)出語(yǔ)言基本功差，同時(shí)也直接影響內(nèi)容的表達(dá)，會(huì)降低作文的檔次。常出現(xiàn)的拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤的單詞很多同學(xué)都有共性,在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中可強(qiáng)調(diào),盡量減少此類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤.,3.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)問(wèn)題：,,單復(fù)數(shù)的錯(cuò)誤產(chǎn)生原因有的是因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)法問(wèn)題,例如臨近原則問(wèn)題,可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞分不清.還有的是不認(rèn)真馬虎造成的. 誤 My father and my mother is all teacher. 正 My father and my mother are both teachers.,4. 缺少動(dòng)詞,在漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞的句子是允許的，但英語(yǔ)中每個(gè)完整的句子都必須有動(dòng)詞來(lái)構(gòu)成，如：“我累了。”這個(gè)句子沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，而用形容詞，但英語(yǔ)形容詞不能作謂語(yǔ)，一定要寫(xiě)成：I'm tired. 誤 I happy I can come to Beijing Zoo. 正 I am happy I can come to Beijing Zoo. 誤 The apples cheap. I'll take some. 正 The apples are cheap. I'll take some.,,5.缺少介詞、冠詞等,還有一些考生因?yàn)闆](méi)有熟練掌握介詞或者冠詞的用法，不了解中英文語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣的不同，也會(huì)出現(xiàn)明顯的錯(cuò)誤，造成丟分現(xiàn)象。 誤 Because heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting. 正 Because of the heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.,6.代詞的誤用,英語(yǔ)中代詞的形式很多，包括主格、賓格、物主代詞、反身代詞等。而漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有主格和賓格、形容詞性物主代詞和名次性物主代詞之分；此外漢語(yǔ)中很多時(shí)候不用物主代詞，而英語(yǔ)中物主代詞是不可省略的，代詞的誤用是考生最容易發(fā)生的錯(cuò)誤。 誤 I mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for I father. 正 My mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for my father.,7.句子不完整,有的考生因?yàn)閷?duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)認(rèn)識(shí)模糊，所以出現(xiàn)只寫(xiě)半句的現(xiàn)象，這也是造成失分的原因之一。 誤 Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college. For example, my friend in high school. (這段文章的第二句話(huà)沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞，他不能獨(dú)立構(gòu)成一個(gè)句子。這是一個(gè)非常常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，修改的方法是將兩個(gè)句子連接起來(lái)。) 正 Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college, for example, my friend in high school.,8.前后不一致,所謂不一致，包括數(shù)的不一致、時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致、主謂不一致等. 例1. When one have knowledge, he can do what he want to do. (人一旦有了知識(shí)，他就能想干什么就干什么.) 剖析：one是單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)，因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has ;同理，want應(yīng)改為wants。本句是典型的主謂不一致. 改為 When one has knowledge , he can do what he wants (to do),9.時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的搭配錯(cuò)誤,漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞無(wú)時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，而對(duì)英語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)，這些都至關(guān)重要。例： 誤 When I get to the station the train leave. 正 When I got to the station the train had left.,10. 綜合性錯(cuò)誤：,綜合性錯(cuò)誤是指單詞的大小寫(xiě)以及形容詞和副詞的混淆、連詞的誤用等等。這些都是靠考生平時(shí)知識(shí)的積累，遇到好的文章.段落.句子或詞組進(jìn)行載抄積累,對(duì)作文的提高有一定的幫助.,Examples:,I very like my free time.,改為：I enjoy my free time very much .,I think it’s a good way for me to relax my heart , brain and body. ( myself),The free time also makes our friendship better than before.,改為：In our free time, we can communicate with our friends and strengthen our friendship.,or : I can spend more time with my good friends together and we will be closer than before.,I think my free time is wonderful.,改為： I think I have a wonderful time in my free time. Or I enjoy myself very much in the spare time.,My free time is always used to study so I’m nor enjoy it very much.,改為：I have to spend all my spare time studying so I don’t enjoy it vey much,Although my free time is very busy, ……,改為： Although I am very busy in my free time , …….,Miss Qian is our class teacher. She is thin and short ., but she is Very patient and friendly. She has short hair. She is about thirty-five years Old. She is our maths teacher. We often have a discussion with her after class. When we find a good way to solve the problems. she will be very happy. Miss Qian is a good teacher. With her help, my maths is getting better and better . I like Miss Qian. She is my teacher, also she is my friend.,Miss (Ms) Qian is our class teacher . She is about thirty-five years Old. She is a thin and short lady (who ) has short hair . she is Very patient and friendly (to us ). She is our maths teacher (she teaches us maths). We often have a discussion with her after class. When we find a good way to solve the problems, she will be very happy. Miss Qian is a good teacher. With her help, my maths is getting better and better . I like Miss Qian, (Because) She is not only my teacher but also my friend.,Our teacher is Miss QIan. She teaches us maths. (who also) She is short and thin and she has (a) (teacher with ) short hair and small eyes. She likes smiling at us . She is a quiet person. She teaches very (so ) well ( that) all the students in our class are good at maths . If we have questions, we can ask her. She is (both) friendly and helpful. She always helps us With our study. (In many ways besides study) So we all like her very much. (So she is not only our teacher but also our friend. ),