2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專題突破 專題十一 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 人教新目標(biāo)版.doc

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2019-2020年中考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法專題突破 專題十一 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 人教新目標(biāo)版 考綱要求 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)　2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)　3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 考查點(diǎn) 年份 題號(hào) 選項(xiàng)設(shè)置 分值 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) xx 43 treats/treated/is__treated/was treated 1分 2011 44 celebrate/is__celebrated/celebrated/was celebrated 1分 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) xx 38 moves/moved/is moved/was__moved 1分 xx 39 invites/is invited/was__invited/has invited 1分 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) xx 44 will save/was saved/have saved/will__be__saved 1分 　　動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)為河北中考單項(xiàng)選擇題的必考點(diǎn)，且都與時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合，主要表現(xiàn)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)。選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置均為一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的兩種不同時(shí)態(tài)和不同語(yǔ)態(tài)。語(yǔ)境設(shè)置在近三年來(lái)很少出現(xiàn)明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提示，需要分析語(yǔ)境才能判斷出選項(xiàng)。語(yǔ)句多為單句形式，詞數(shù)多為9～13。 預(yù)計(jì)xx年河北中考的單項(xiàng)選擇題必定會(huì)出現(xiàn)一道題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，并與時(shí)態(tài)相結(jié)合。 ,河北中考重難點(diǎn)突破 【考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)】 (　　)1.Chinese ________ by more and more people from all over the world today. A．learn　　　　　　　B．learned C．is learned D．was learned (　　)2.(xx保定8中模擬)Today，puters are really helpful.They ______ everywhere. A．use B．a(chǎn)re used C．used D．were used (　　)3.(xx唐山54中模擬)Every year，more than 70，000，000 sharks ______ for their fins(魚翅)． A．were killed B．have killed C．a(chǎn)re killed D．will kill (　　)4.The sport of basketball ________ by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries. A．play B．played C．is played D．has played (　　)5.When I called the bus service，I ________ that there was no more bus. A．was telling B．was told C．has told D．had told (　　)6.(xx保定17中模擬)A new club ________ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members. A．starts B．is started C．has started D．was started (　　)7.The first Earth Day ________ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet. A．celebrates B．celebrated C．is celebrated D．was celebrated (　　)8.Alice ________ some advice on how to improve her listening skills，and she gladly accepted Miss Greens. A．gave B．was given C．gives D．is given (　　)9.The task ________ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest. A．was finished B．will be finished C．has been finished D．cant be finished (　　)10.(xx唐山友誼中學(xué)模擬)Im sure that stricter rules ________ to control smoking very soon. A．made B．will make C．were made D．will be made 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 1．動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的分類 英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 (1)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：Many people speak English there.那兒很多人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。 (2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.漢語(yǔ)被很多人說(shuō)。(Chinese是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者) 2．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(用done表示)”構(gòu)成。常見(jiàn)的4種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)如下： 時(shí)態(tài) 被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 例句 一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are＋done This kind of car is made in China.這種車是中國(guó)制造的。 一般 過(guò)去時(shí) was/were＋done The flying disk was invented by college students.這種飛碟游戲是大學(xué)生們發(fā)明的。 一般 將來(lái)時(shí) will/shall＋ be＋done The bridge will be finished in a month.這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€(gè)月內(nèi)竣工。 情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋ be＋done Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石頭制造。 3.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法 (1)圖示 (2)口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng) (3)變換步驟： ①將主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)。 注意：如果主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。如：Tom killed him．→He was killed by Tom.湯姆殺了他。 ②將動(dòng)詞改為“be＋過(guò)去分詞”。 注意：be動(dòng)詞與新主語(yǔ)相一致，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：They held a meeting yesterday.→A meeting was__held by them yesterday.他們昨天開會(huì)了 。 ③將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為by…放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。 注意：如果原主語(yǔ)是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如He sang a song.→A song was sung by__him．他唱了一首歌。 【方法突破】 分析河北近5年考情發(fā)現(xiàn)，涉及語(yǔ)態(tài)的試題的選項(xiàng)中通常有兩個(gè)主動(dòng)和兩個(gè)被動(dòng)，并且有現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。學(xué)生在做題時(shí)，可從以下角度入手分析： 判斷句子是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 讀懂句意，確定主語(yǔ)，判斷主語(yǔ)表示人還是物，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者。一般人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為人時(shí)，需根據(jù)句意及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞判斷該動(dòng)作是否是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出：若為主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；若不是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。物作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由此可排除掉主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的選項(xiàng)。對(duì)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)說(shuō)，試題主要是讓大家找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者，這就要根據(jù)句子的意思進(jìn)行判斷，然后根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)做出正確選擇。 確定句子的時(shí)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用離不開時(shí)態(tài)，所以應(yīng)根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、上下文的暗示或發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)分析判斷應(yīng)使用哪種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。再結(jié)合句意給出的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或已發(fā)生動(dòng)作的時(shí)態(tài)，選取對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。 4．常見(jiàn)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu) (1)含有雙賓語(yǔ)(即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))的句子，多把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不變。如：Jack told us the truth.→We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告訴了我們真相。 (2)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些感官動(dòng)詞(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.→sb. be heard(seen)to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.→The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom.我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)那女孩在音樂(lè)教室彈鋼琴。 (3)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些使役動(dòng)詞(如：make，let等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，同樣要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即：make sb.do sth.→sb. be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.→His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老師讓他的學(xué)生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。 5．不能使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的情況 (1)連系動(dòng)詞，如：look，feel，smell等，以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來(lái)很香。 (2)有些動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，如：need doing(需要做某事)，be worth doing(值得做某事)等。如：Your bedroom is in a terrible mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的臥室太亂了，需要馬上清理一下。 (3)表示“發(fā)生”的happen或take place，無(wú)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The story happened on a cold night.故事發(fā)生在一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚。 ,河北中考考點(diǎn)精練 (　　)1.(xx廣安中考)—Mike，I looked for you everywhere last night. —Oh，I ________ to the party. A．a(chǎn)m invited　　　　B．invited C．invite D．was invited (　　)2.(xx石家莊42中模擬)—How clean your car is! —Thank you.It ________ very often. A．is washed B．washes C．was washed D．washed (　　)3.(xx臨沂中考)Teenagers should ________ to take care of themselves from a young age. A．educate B．be educating C．have educated D．be educated (　　)4.(xx江西中考)You cant wear shoes inside this place.It ________. A．doesnt allow B．isnt allowed C．hasnt allowed D．wasnt allowed (　　)5.(xx資陽(yáng)中考)A new school ________ last year in my hometown. A．set up B．sets up C．is set up D．was set up (　　)6.(xx青島中考)We ________ to start at once，or we will miss the train. A．tell B．have told C．a(chǎn)re told D．told (　　)7.(xx煙臺(tái)中考)Everyone in our class ________ to take part in the English Speech Contest. A．is encouraged B．encourages C．a(chǎn)re encouraging D．a(chǎn)re encouraged (　　)8.(xx蘭州中考)He has ordered a watch on line for his father and it ________to him before Fathers Day. A．send B．will be sent C．was sent D．sent (　　)9.(xx十堰中考)During the Spring Festival，paper cuttings________ on windows，doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year. A．a(chǎn)re put B．were put C．puts D．putting (　　)10.(xx廣東中考)—Have you heard of the song Little Apple? —Yes.It ________every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs. A．is played B．plays C．was played D．played (　　)11.(xx黔南中考)Every day，too much water________ in our school.We should save it. A．is wasted B．wastes C．was wasted D．wasted (　　)12.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Hurry up! Once the concert starts，nobody________ to enter the concert hall. A．a(chǎn)llows B．a(chǎn)llowed C．is allowed D．is allowing (　　)13.(xx石家莊40中模擬)To my great surprise，the famous athletes story ________ differently in the newspapers. A．was reported B．reported C．was reporting D．reports (　　)14.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Were sure that the environment in our city ________ greatly through our work in the near future. A．improved B．was improved C．has improved D．will be improved (　　)15.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Last March，many trees ________ along the streets to make our city more beautiful. A．were planted B．were planting C．had planted D．planted (　　)16.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Your application wont ________ until you plete the survey. A．a(chǎn)ccept B．receive C．be accepted D．be received (　　)17.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))The dictionary may ________ for three weeks. A．keep B．be kept C．borrow D．be borrowed (　　)18.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))—________ free breakfasts ________ in all schools in China? —No，not yet.Only in the rural areas. A．Are，made B．Do；serve C．Are；served D．Do；make (　　)19.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))I want to know if an English petition ________ next month. A．will hold B．will be held C．holds D．is held (　　)20.(xx原創(chuàng)預(yù)測(cè))Many students ________ chances to show themselves in class because the class size is too big. A．dont give B．a(chǎn)rent given C．havent given D．wont give