2019-2020年高考英語大二輪總復習 專題四 語法填空練習.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語大二輪總復習 專題四 語法填空練習 　　考 點 題 量 試 卷 詞類轉換 詞形變換 動詞 詞法與句法 形↓副 形↓名 動↓形 名↓形 名詞單復數(shù)與所有格 形、副詞比較等級 代詞轉換 謂語 非謂語 情態(tài)動詞與助動詞 指示代詞與不定代詞 冠詞 介詞 并列句 狀語從句 名詞性從句 定語從句 特殊句式 連接性副詞與時間副詞 語境填詞 時態(tài)與語態(tài)(含虛擬語氣與主謂一致) 動詞不定式 動詞i n g形式 動詞過去分詞 xx Ⅰ 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 Ⅱ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 xx Ⅰ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ⅱ 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 樣卷 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 出題形式 有提示詞 無提示詞 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 近兩年語法填空考點布局充分體現(xiàn)了“實詞考查為主，虛詞考查為輔”的命題原則。注意： 1．詞類轉換以實詞中名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞四類為主，而對于名詞的考查近兩年均涉及名詞單復數(shù)的考查，而未涉及到名詞的所有格，在xx年備考中應引起注意；對于代詞的詞形變換考查涉及了人稱代詞與物主代詞的轉換，反身代詞近兩年還未涉及，也應引起注意。 2．對于無提示詞類的情態(tài)動詞和助動詞的考查，僅xx年新課標全國樣卷中考查了must表推測，xx年新課標全國Ⅱ考查了助動詞did。指示代詞與不定代詞近兩年均未涉及。 3．特殊句式在近兩年雖然未考查，但備考時應注意：倒裝結構中助動詞、小句替代中so，neither，nor以及only等的考查；省略結構中不定式符號to以及結合狀語從句的省略中非謂語動詞或連詞的考查；強調句式中it或that的考查；感嘆句中how，what或不定冠詞a/an的考查等。 4．連接性副詞與語境填詞雖然在xx年新課標全國樣卷中均有涉及，但可能考慮到這兩類詞均為完形填空考點，故在xx、xx兩年正式考試中均未涉及，但在xx年全國Ⅰ中考查了無提示詞形式的時間副詞before/earlier，故像earlier，ago，later等時間副詞與never，hardly等頻度副詞是否會有考查還需注意。 5．從出題形式上看，近兩年10個設空中都是7個有提示詞、3個無提示詞，預計xx年還應該以這種比例來突出提示詞考查為主的出題形式。 (一) (xx全國Ⅰ) Yangshuo，China It was raining lightly when I 61. (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours 62. ，I’d been at home in Hong Kong，with 63. (it) choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain. I’d skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64. are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65. (painting)．Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away 66. car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city. Yangshuo 67. (be) really beautiful.A study of travelers 68. (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast being a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel pany in Hong Kong，says it 69. (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70. (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. (二) (xx全國Ⅱ) The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 41. (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 42. most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 43. (able) to “air condition” a house without 44. (use) electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 45. (slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 46. (cool) the house during the hot day；47. the same time，they warm up again for the night.This cycle 48. (go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.As 49. (nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 50. thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. (三) (xx新課標全國Ⅰ) Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix? In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It 61. (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it 62. (actual) caught fire and burned.Now，years later，this river is one of 63. most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64. even a few months.It took years of work 65. (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66. (clean) than ever. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit 67. is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation，don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? While there are 68. (amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the 69. (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be 70. (patience)． (四) (xx新課標全國Ⅱ) One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about 41. (be) late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop,42. some of them looked very anxious and 43. (disappoint)．When the bus finally came，we all hurried on board.I got a place next 44. the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike 45. (catch) my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused 46. (stop) until we reached the next stop.Still，the boy kept 47. (ride)．He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally，when we came to the next stop，the boy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver stood up and asked，“48. anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh dear！It’s 49. (I)．” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done，and the crowd of strangers 50. (sudden) became friendly to one another. (五) (xx新課標全國樣卷) Mum：(putting on her coat) I’m going to have to go down to the shop for more bread. Alan：Why? Mum：I’m not sure what 1. (happen)．I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2. I went to answer the phone.But someone must have taken them because they’re 3. (go)． Alan：Oh，it must have been Dad.I’m sure he was in the kitchen 4. (early)． Mum：No，he went off to his tennis match before I finished 5. (make) them，so he couldn’t have done it.6. ，he couldn’t carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff，so I’m sure 7. wasn’t him. Alan：(opening the fridge door) Well，it wasn’t me.But Mum，look！Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of 8. fridge? Mum：Are they there？Oh，my goodness，I 9. have put them in there when the phone rang.Oh，dear.I really must be losing my 10. .Now，why did I put on my coat?  一、提示詞填空(一)——詞類轉換 考點1　形容詞→副詞 [典例1] Abercrombie & Kent，a travel pany in Hong Kong，says it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(xx全國Ⅰ) 分析　設空處修飾謂語動詞arrange，需要一個副詞，故填regularly。 [典例2] 17 (lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.(xx廣東) 分析　用副詞修飾整個句子。故填Luckily。 考點2　形容詞/動詞→名詞 [典例1] In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 43 (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.(xx全國Ⅱ) 分析　形容詞性物主代詞their之后應當用名詞，故將able轉化為其名詞形式ability。 [典例2] Several children are away from school because of (ill)． 分析　介詞短語because of后接賓語，要用名詞，故填illness。 [典例3] He had witnessed too many (die) and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years earlier，in which 40,000 people were killed，wounded or missing. 分析　這里指的是死亡，是可數(shù)名詞，在句中作及物動詞witness的賓語，空前的too many也暗示應用death的復數(shù)形式deaths。 方法歸納　作主語，或在及物動詞、介詞(短語)后作賓語時，前面可能有限定詞(冠詞)、形容詞或形容詞性物主代詞修飾，通常用名詞形式；注意單復數(shù)形式。 考點3　動詞/名詞→形容詞 [典例1] As 49 (nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(xx全國Ⅱ) 分析　修飾名詞architects，故要用形容詞形式natural。 [典例2] While there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation，...(xx新課標全國Ⅰ) 分析　此處用形容詞修飾名詞stories。amaze的形容詞有兩個，一個是amazing，另一個是amazed。修飾物(stories)當然用amazing。 [典例3] There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and 43 (disappoint)．(xx新課標全國Ⅱ) 分析　本句的主語是some of them，此處and連接兩個并列成分，再結合前面的形容詞anxious可知，此處也應該填一個形容詞。故此處用disappointed表示他們中有些人感到失望。 方法歸納　作表語(系動詞之后)、定語(修飾名詞)或賓語補足語(表性質狀態(tài))時，通常用形容詞形式。注意?？紕釉~分詞的形容詞性化，其形容詞的形式有：ing結尾的和ed結尾的兩種。 用所給詞的適當形式填空 1．They gave money to the old people’s home either (personal) or through their panies.(xx安徽，31) 2．It was (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(xx福建，23) 3．Most of us，if we know even a little about where our food es from，understand that every bite put into our mouths was (former) alive.(xx浙江，13) 4．There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some (think) and then let me know.(xx安徽，30) 5．The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and (prehension) review of the case.(xx江蘇，31) 6．The climate here is quite (please)，the temperature rarely，if ever，reaching 30℃ in summer.(xx福建，28) 7．What was so (impress) about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted.(xx湖北，27) 8．Life is (predict)；even the poorest might bee the richest.(xx江西，30) 9．For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt (please)，because there were many empty seats in the room.But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her，it was probably the fact that she sat in the last row.(xx廣東) 10．—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? —Well，you know，English is my (strong)．So it is my best choice.(xx福建，25) 二、提示詞填空(二)——詞形變換 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 考點1　名詞的單復數(shù)與所有格 [典例1] I’d skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting)．(xx全國Ⅰ) 分析　由于該名詞由so many修飾，故填其復數(shù)形式paintings。 [典例2] While there are amazing stories of instant transformation，for most of us the 69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be patient.(xx新課標全國Ⅰ) 分析　前面是定冠詞the，因此后面要用名詞，再由謂語動詞are可知此空要用其名詞的復數(shù)形式，故填changes。 [典例3] It’s about an (hour) drive from here. 分析　句意為：離這里大約有一個小時的車程?！耙粋€小時的”用所有格，故填hour’s。 方法歸納　若所給提示詞為名詞而空格處也應填名詞，注意要弄清名詞的數(shù)與格，即名詞是否需要復數(shù)形式，或是否需要所有格。 考點2　形容詞與副詞的比較等級 [典例1] Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 (clean) than ever.(xx新課標全國Ⅰ) 分析　從后面的than可知此處要用比較級，因此要用cleaner。 [典例2] After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months 17 (early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.(xx廣東) 分析　由前面提到的we had planned for months(我們已經(jīng)計劃了數(shù)月)可知，早在六個月之前我們就已經(jīng)預訂了，故用比較級earlier。 [典例3] The 68 (hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.(xx遼寧) 分析　考查固定句式。這里是“the＋比較級．..，the＋比較級．..”句式，表示“越……就越……”。故填harder。 方法歸納　若括號中所給的是形容詞或副詞，有可能考查其比較等級或最高級；注意than或比較級的修飾詞等標志性詞或上下文中暗含的比較；其次還要注意一些特殊句式，如：the＋比較級，the＋比較級；“否定詞(can’t/couldn’t)＋比較級”表示最高級等。 考點3　人稱代詞、物主代詞與反身代詞的變換 [典例1] A few hours before，I’d been at home in Hong Kong，with 63 (it) choking smog.(xx全國Ⅰ) 分析　空格后面的smog為名詞，故要使用形容詞性物主代詞its來修飾限定。 [典例2] The children amused (they) by playing hideandseek games. 分析　缺賓語，應填代詞；這些孩子拿誰取樂，應是“自娛自樂(amuse oneself)”，與主語The children一致，故填themselves。類似的短語還有enjoy oneself(玩得開心)，teach oneself(自學)，adapt oneself(適應)，dress oneself(自己穿衣)，devote oneself to(致力于)，by oneself(單獨地)等。 方法歸納　若提示詞是物主代詞(表示某人的)，作主語、賓語或表語用名詞性物主代詞；在名詞前作定語只能用形容詞性物主代詞。反身代詞反指誰，它通常作主語和賓語的同位語，這時應與主語或賓語一致；也可作某些動詞或介詞的賓語，這時需與主語一致。 用所給詞的適當形式填空 1．Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.(xx江蘇，32) 2．We tend to have a (good) memory for things that excite our senses or appeal to our emotions than for straight facts.(xx浙江，11) 3．Andy is content with the toy.It is (good) he has ever got.(xx四川，7) 4．He gave (him) a new name to hide his identity when he went to carry out the secret task.(xx湖北，22) 5．I can’t tell you the way to the (Wilson) because we don’t have a Wilson here in the village.(xx重慶，6) 6．This is by far (inspiring) movie that I have ever seen.(xx遼寧，33) 7．Tony can hardly boil an egg，still (little) cook dinner.(xx新課標全國Ⅰ，25) 8．Next to biology，I like physics (well)．(xx大綱全國Ⅱ，13) 9．She came across an old friend of (she) yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.(xx天津，8) 10．On my desk is a photo that my father took of (I) when I was a baby.(xx四川，7) 三、提示詞填空(三)——謂語與非謂語動詞 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài) 考點1　考綱規(guī)定考查的十種時態(tài) [典例1] It was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.(xx全國Ⅰ) 分析　主句謂語動詞使用了過去進行時was raining，后一句中用了一般過去時didn’t care，根據(jù)語境此處要用一般過去時態(tài)。故填arrived。 [典例2] This cycle 48 (go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.(xx全國Ⅱ) 分析　這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了土坯房冬暖夏涼的原理。此處指前面提到的循環(huán)不斷地持續(xù)下去，這種情況是客觀事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。又因為主語this cycle為單數(shù)第三人稱，故填goes。 [典例3] In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It 61 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.(xx新課標全國Ⅰ) 分析　事情發(fā)生在1969年，是一個過去的時間，故此處要用一般過去時，又因為主語為it，故填was。 方法歸納　句中若缺少謂語，注意要考慮所給動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)。判斷時態(tài)首先要確定時間，然后根據(jù)動作發(fā)生的狀態(tài)來判斷應該運用哪種時態(tài)。有時也可以根據(jù)空格后和該句中已經(jīng)存在的謂語動詞的并列關系來確定時態(tài)。考試說明中規(guī)定考的有十種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、將來進行時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、過去將來時。近兩年考查一般過去時和一般現(xiàn)在時居多。 考點2　考綱規(guī)定考查的八種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài) [典例1] He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what 19 (leave)．(xx廣東) 分析　由語境可知，整體為過去時態(tài)，且what與leave之間是被動關系，故此處用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。故填was left。 [典例2] Be patient！Tai Chi 66 (call) “shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water：...(xx遼寧) 分析　整篇對話的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時。Tai Chi與call之間是被動關系，所以要用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填is called。 方法歸納　句中缺少謂語，且與主語存在被動關系，考慮根據(jù)時間和動作存在的方式，確定相應時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。注意只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)?？荚囌f明中規(guī)定考的各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)有八種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時。 考點3　時態(tài)與語態(tài)中的幾個特殊用法 [典例1] Unless some extra money (find)，the theatre will close.(xx大綱全國，22) 分析　考查一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。由語境可知，此處是unless引導的條件狀語從句，主句用一般將來時態(tài)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表將來；句中主語some extra money與find之間為動賓關系，要用被動語態(tài)。故填is found。 [典例2] James has just arrived，but I didn’t know he (e) until yesterday.(xx重慶，8) 分析　考查過去進行時表過去將來。was ing為過去進行時態(tài)，表示過去將來。know后面為賓語從句，從句動詞相對于know而言指將要發(fā)生的動作，而e，go，leave，start，arrive等瞬間性動詞可用進行時態(tài)表示將來的動作。根據(jù)didn’t可知此處應該用過去進行時表示過去將來的動作。 [典例3] Food supplies in the floodstricken area (run) out.We must act immediately before there’s none left.(xx重慶，27) 分析　考查現(xiàn)在進行時表一般將來與主動表被動。由句中before there’s none left可知食物還沒有用完，故用現(xiàn)在進行時表示“(食品供應)快用完了”；此外run out為不及物動詞，不可用于被動語態(tài)。故填are running。 [典例4] Yangshuo 67 (be) really beautiful.(xx全國Ⅰ) 分析　考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)。本段介紹陽朔的自然條件，屬客觀事實，要用一般現(xiàn)在時；由于主語是單數(shù)第三人稱形式，故填is。 方法歸納　在確定謂語動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)時，我們可從四個方面來進行判斷： (1)看句子中的時間狀語或時間狀語從句。 (2)看上下文的謂語動詞的形式。 (3)看是否是特殊的句型。如： ①was/were about to do...when...did... ②It is/has been＋時間段＋since...did... ③It/This/That is the first time that...have/has done...或It/This/That was the first time that...had done... ④It’s (high time) that...did/should do ⑤Hardly had＋主語＋done...when...did...或 No sooner had＋主語＋done...than...did... 這樣的句型還有很多，平時要注意積累。 (4)看與主語存在主動關系還是被動關系。若是被動，還需看所給是否為及物動詞，是否考查主動表被動等。 (5)注意主謂是否一致。 考點4　虛擬語氣中的時態(tài)與語態(tài) [典例1] He walked in as if he 17 (buy) the school.And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.(xx廣東) 分析　這是由as if引導的虛擬語氣，因為是與過去事實相反，故用過去完成時，填had bought。 [典例2] Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance) as well as her.(xx陜西，23) 分析　wish后跟賓語從句時，從句中需要用虛擬語氣。由語境可知，此處敘述的是與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設，謂語動詞應用過去式(be用were)。故填danced。 [典例3] It is lucky we booked a room，or we (have) nowhere to stay now.(xx安徽，32) 分析　本題考查了虛擬語氣在含蓄條件句中的運用，條件句部分在or中體現(xiàn)，相當于if we hadn’t booked a room，we would have nowhere to stay now，根據(jù)“now”可知，是對現(xiàn)在進行虛擬。故填would have。 方法歸納　一旦判定所給動詞在句中作謂語后，就要考慮其時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等。 除了if虛擬條件句，還應注意虛擬語氣的標志詞，如：suggest，would rather，as if，wish，otherwise，or，but for等。 用所給動詞的適當形式填空 1．Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I (leave) my book in the cafe.(xx安徽，24) 2．It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in years to e.(xx安徽，29) 3．—Is Peter ing? —No，he (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.(xx重慶，1) 4．Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she (teach) a class at that time.(xx天津，6) 5．Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement (reach) so far by the two sides.(xx天津，9) 6．Marty (work) really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.(xx陜西，22) 7．The real reason why prices (be)，and still are，too high is plex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.(xx江蘇，30) 8．As you go through this book，you (find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.(xx湖南，22) 9．He must have sensed that I (look) at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”(xx湖南，28) 10．To my delight，I (choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.(xx福建，26) 11．In the last few years，China (make) great achievements in environmental protection.(xx北京，26) 12．I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I (ask)，“What do you wish me to do now？”(xx湖南，25) 非謂語動詞 考點1　動詞不定式 [典例1] When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 46 (cool) the house during the hot day；at the same time，they warm up again for the night.(xx全國Ⅱ) 分析　“be＋形容詞＋enough＋動詞不定式”為常用句式，意為“足夠……，能夠做某事”。故填to cool。 [典例2] Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees 23 (sell) the wood.(xx廣東) 分析　砍樹的目的是賣錢，故這里用動詞不定式形式在句中作目的狀語。故填to sell。 [典例3] It took years of work 65 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.(xx新課標全國Ⅰ) 分析　句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式，該句結構為“It takes＋時間＋to do sth.”。故填to reduce。 [典例4] She wished that he was as easy 32 (please) as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.(xx廣東) 分析　該句空格前是形容詞，所以用動詞不定式作狀語。故填to please。 方法歸納　首先分析句子結構，若句子中已有謂語動詞且不是并列謂語時，需考慮非謂語動詞。然后分析非謂語動詞在句中作何成分，再根據(jù)各非謂語動詞的特點確定填哪種形式。對于不定式的考查，需注意不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，熟記?？几欢ㄊ阶髻e語的動詞以及一些常考句式。 考點2　動詞的ing形式 [典例1] Abercrombie & Kent，a trave