2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦 Unit 5 Canada-“The True North”習(xí)題 新人教版必修3.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦 Unit 5 Canada-“The True North”習(xí)題 新人教版必修3 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 Considering Australias size and the fact that early settlements were far apart, Australian society is remarkably homogeneous ( 同種的). Its citizens are fundamentally prosperous and the way of life in the major cities and towns is much the same however many miles divide them. It takes a sharp ear to identify regional accents. However, there is some difference in lifestyle between city settlers and the country people. Almost 90 percent of the population lives in the fastpaced cities along the coast and has little more_than_a_passing_familiarity_with_the_desert. The major cities preserve images of colonial heritage, but the overall impression is modern, with new buildings reflecting the countrys youth. In contrast, the rural munities tend to be slowmoving and conservative. For many years, Australia was said to have “ridden on the sheeps back”， a reference to wool being the countrys main money earner. However, it is no longer dominant (主宰的) . Much of Australias relatively sound economy is now achieved from natural coal and wheat, and by being the largest diamond producer in the world. Newer industries such as tourism and wine making are also increasingly important. Australians are generally friendly and relaxed, with a modest sense of humor. Yet, contrary to widespread belief, very few Australians have true prisoner origins. Within only one generation of the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, Australia had bee a nation of immigrants. Originally ing almost entirely from the British Isles, today one in three Australians es from elsewhere. Australias liberal postwar immigration policies led to a flowing of survivors from wartorn Europe, most notably Greeks, Italians, Poles and Germans. The emphasis has shifted in recent years and today the majority of new immigrants are from Southeast Asia. Today Australia is a “mixture of nations” and although some racism exists, it has generally been a successful experiment and the country is reasonably proud to have one of the most harmonious multicultural munities in the world. 文章大意：本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了澳大利亞社會(huì)的各個(gè)方面，經(jīng)濟(jì)，移民，生活等。 1．What does the writer mean by saying “has little more than a passing familiarity with the desert” in the second paragraph? A．The major population has a close relationship with the desert. B．The fastpaced cities are just located by the desert. C．The major population knows little about the desert. D．The major population is familiar with the people living in the desert. 答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中第二段的句子Almost 90 percent of the population lives in the fastpaced cities along the coast 和 In contrast, the rural munities tend to be slowmoving and conservative與所給句子中的關(guān)鍵詞little、familiarity、desert可推斷大部分人不了解沙漠。故選C。 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．The pace of life in the city is different from that in the country. B．One third of people living in Australia e from Europe. C．The Australian economy is dependent on sheep exports. D．Most Australians have ancestors who were prisoners. 答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的Originally ing almost entirely from the British Isles, today one in three Australians es from elsewhere排除B；根據(jù)文章第二段的However, it is no longer dominant (主宰的). Much of Australias relatively sound economy is now achieved from natural coal and wheat, and by being the largest diamond producer in the world排除C；根據(jù)文章第三段的Yet, contrary to widespread belief, very few Australians have true prisoner origin排除D；根據(jù)文中第二段的第二句話Almost 90 percent of the population lives in the fastpaced cities和該段第四句話In contrast, the rural munities tend to be slowmoving and conservative.可知城市生活和鄉(xiāng)村生活是不一樣的。故選A。 3．What used to be Australias main money earner? A．Wheat. B．Wool. C．Tourism. D．Diamond. 答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Wheat小麥；Wool羊毛；Tourism旅游業(yè)；Diamond鉆石。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 used to be Australias main money earner找到文中對(duì)應(yīng)句子是文中第二段的句子For many years, Australia was said to have “ridden on the sheeps back”， a reference to wool being the countrys main money earner可知羊毛是過(guò)去澳大利亞人主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源。故選B。 4．We can infer from the passage that ________. A．nothing about Australias colonial part in modern cities can be seen by visitors B．tourism and wine making resulted in fast development in rural munities only C．immigrants from Europe have brought racial problems D．Australias recent immigration policy encourages immigrants from Southeast Asia 答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句The emphasis has shifted in recent years and today the majority of new immigrants are from Southeast Asia.可知現(xiàn)在的澳大利亞大多是東南亞的移民。故選D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (xx安徽) In our modern world，when something wears out，we throw it away and buy a new one.The __1__ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of __2__ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before. How did we __3__ a throwaway society? First of all，it is now easier to __4__ an object than to spend time and money to repair it.__5__ modern manufacturing (制造業(yè)) and technology，panies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and __6__. Another cause is our __7__ of disposable (一次性的) products.As __8__ people，we are always looking for __9__ to save time and make our lives easierpanies __10__ thousands of different kinds of disposable products：paper plates，plastic cups，and cameras，to name a few. Our appetite for new products also __11__ to the problem.We are __12__ buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that __13__ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that we __14__ useful possessions to make room for new ones. All around the world，we can see the __15__ of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To __16__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the __17__，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.__18__，this is not enough to solve (解決) our problem. Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions __19__ throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about __20__.Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 文章大意：文章講述了拋棄型消費(fèi)社會(huì)的表現(xiàn)、成因、危害以及解決措施；旨在呼吁人們轉(zhuǎn)變消費(fèi)觀念，為環(huán)保盡一份自己的力量。 1．A.key B．reason C．project D．problem 答案：D　詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了人們把用壞了的東西隨手扔掉，從而導(dǎo)致垃圾堆積成山這一問(wèn)題，文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句中的．..this is not enough to solve(解決)our problem.和倒數(shù)第三段的第一句．..to the problem亦有暗示。故選D項(xiàng)。 2．A.gifts B.rubbish C．debt D.products 答案：B　詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)下文的because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.即人們比過(guò)去扔掉更多的垃圾可知，這里說(shuō)的是“垃圾山”日益壯大，故選B項(xiàng)。 3．A.face B.bee C．observe D.change 答案：B　句意為：我們是怎樣變成一個(gè)拋棄型消費(fèi)社會(huì)的呢？face意為“面對(duì)”；bee意為“變成”；observe意為“觀察；遵守”；change意為“改變”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，B項(xiàng)正確。 4．A.hide B.control C．replace D.withdraw 答案：C　句意為：現(xiàn)在替換一件物品比花時(shí)間和金錢去修理它更容易。hide意為“躲藏；隱藏”；control意為“控制”；replace意為“取代；替代”；withdraw意為“撤退；收回”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，上文提到人們習(xí)慣把用壞了的東西隨手扔掉，即這里是指買新的東西來(lái)替換用壞的東西，故選C項(xiàng)。 5．A.Thanks to B.As to C．Except for D.Regardless of 答案：A　句意為：由于現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)和技術(shù)的發(fā)展，公司能夠快速而廉價(jià)地生產(chǎn)出產(chǎn)品。thanks to意為“幸虧；由于”；as to意為“關(guān)于；至于”；except for意為“除了……以外”；regardless of意為“不管；不顧”。根據(jù)前后邏輯關(guān)系可知，“現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)和技術(shù)”與“公司能夠快速而廉價(jià)地生產(chǎn)出產(chǎn)品”之間是因果關(guān)系，因此A項(xiàng)正確。 6．A.safe B.funny C．cheap D.powerful 答案：C　詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。根據(jù)上文．.panies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.可知，產(chǎn)品豐富又便宜。故選C項(xiàng)。 7．A.love B.lack C．prevention D.division 答案：A　根據(jù)下文人們總是想方設(shè)法去節(jié)約時(shí)間、讓生活更輕松以及許多公司生產(chǎn)了大量一次性產(chǎn)品可知，我們喜歡用一次性產(chǎn)品，故選A項(xiàng)。lack意為“缺少；缺乏”；prevention意為“預(yù)防；阻止”；division意為“分開(kāi)；除法”。 8．A.sensitive B.kind C．brave D.busy 答案：D　詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。由下文的to save time可知人們很“忙碌”，故選D項(xiàng)。sensitive意為“敏感的；靈敏的”；kind意為“善良的”；brave意為“勇敢的”。 9．A.ways B.places C．jobs D.friends 答案：A　句意為：作為忙碌的人們，我們總是在想方設(shè)法來(lái)節(jié)省時(shí)間、讓生活更輕松。上文說(shuō)人們喜歡使用一次性產(chǎn)品就是他們?yōu)楣?jié)省時(shí)間所尋找的“方法”。故選A項(xiàng)。 10．A.donate B.receive C．produce D.preserve 答案：C　句意為：公司生產(chǎn)出成千上萬(wàn)種不同的一次性產(chǎn)品。donate意為“捐贈(zèng)；捐獻(xiàn)”；receive意為“收到；接收”；produce意為“生產(chǎn)；創(chuàng)作”；preserve意為“保存；保護(hù)”。由語(yǔ)境可知，公司為喜歡用一次性產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)人群“生產(chǎn)”出多種一次性產(chǎn)品，故選C項(xiàng)。 11．A.adapts B.returns C．responds D.contributes 答案：D　句意為：我們對(duì)新產(chǎn)品的嗜好也促成了這一問(wèn)題的產(chǎn)生。adapt to意為“適應(yīng)”；return to意為“返回”；respond to意為“對(duì)……作出回應(yīng)”；contribute to意為“促成；有助于”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，人們對(duì)新產(chǎn)品的嗜好，即喜新厭舊的態(tài)度，對(duì)隨手丟棄的問(wèn)題起到火上澆油的作用。故選D項(xiàng)。 12．A.tired of B.addicted to C．worried about D.ashamed for 答案：B　句意為：我們對(duì)購(gòu)買新產(chǎn)品上了癮。be tired of意為“對(duì)……厭倦，厭煩”；be addicted to意為“沉溺于；對(duì)……上癮”；be worried about意為“為……擔(dān)心”；be ashamed for意為“對(duì)……感到慚愧(羞愧)”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知我們買新產(chǎn)品上癮，故答案為B項(xiàng)。 13．A.newer B.stronger C．higher D.larger 答案：A　詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。句意為：廣告勸說(shuō)我們更新的產(chǎn)品會(huì)更好，而且使用了最新的產(chǎn)品，我們也會(huì)更開(kāi)心。根據(jù)下文的．..we will be happier with the latest products.可知答案應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。 14．A.pick up B.pay for C．hold onto D.throw away 答案：D　詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。句意為：結(jié)果，我們?nèi)拥袅擞杏玫臇|西以便為新買的東西騰出地方。pick up意為“拾起，撿起；獲得”；pay for意為“為……而付報(bào)酬”；hold onto意為“緊緊抓??；抓住不放”；throw away意為“扔掉”。根據(jù)下文to make room for new ones可知應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。 15．A.advantages B.purposes C.functions D.consequences 答案：D　詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。句意為：在世界各地，我們都可以看到這種拋棄型生活方式所產(chǎn)生的后果。advantage意為“優(yōu)勢(shì)；有利條件；利益”；purpose意為“目的”；function意為“功能；作用”；consequence意為“結(jié)果；后果”。根據(jù)下文的Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.可知，垃圾山越來(lái)越大就是這種拋棄型生活方式帶來(lái)的后果。D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 16．A.show B.record C．decrease D.measure 答案：C　句意為：為了減少垃圾數(shù)量，保護(hù)環(huán)境，越來(lái)越多的政府要求人們回收利用材料。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知政府要求人們回收利用舊物質(zhì)材料的目的是為了“減少”垃圾的數(shù)量。故選C項(xiàng)。 17．A.technology B.environment C.consumers D.brands 答案：B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和生活常識(shí)可知，減少垃圾數(shù)量，回收利用舊物質(zhì)材料都是為了保護(hù)“環(huán)境”。故選B項(xiàng)。 18．A.However B．Otherwise C.Therefore D．Meanwhile 答案：A　句意為：可是，這不足以能夠解決我們所面臨的問(wèn)題。根據(jù)上下文邏輯關(guān)系，設(shè)空前后兩句之間有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。however意為“然而；可是”，符合語(yǔ)境。otherwise意為“否則”；therefore意為“因此”；meanwhile意為“同時(shí)；其間”。 19．A.by B.in favour of C.after D.instead of 答案：D　句意為：我們需要修理我們的東西而不是把它們?nèi)拥?。根?jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者對(duì)于亂扔?xùn)|西是不贊成的，建議人們應(yīng)該盡可能去修理它們。instead of在此意為“而不是”，符合語(yǔ)境。in favor of意為“支持；贊成”，與作者的意圖相去甚遠(yuǎn)。 20．A.spending B.collecting C．repairing D.advertising 答案：A　詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)題。句意為：我們也需要重新思考我們的消費(fèi)觀。根據(jù)下文的．..and changing our spending habits可知，A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，spending意為“花錢；消費(fèi)”。 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 (xx吉林省吉林市第三次調(diào)測(cè)) People can often see a talking parrot on a TV show, in a movie, or even in someones home. The parrot has learned __1__(copy) sounds that people make. Dolphins, bats, and some apes also copy sounds. Now we can add elephants __2__ this list of copycats (盲目的模仿者)． Dr. Joyce Poole is a zoologist, __3__ studies the sounds of elephants. While she was in Kenya, she would hear strange noises __4__(make) by Mlaika after sunset. Mlaika was __5__ 8yearold African elephant __6__ it lived near a highway. Dr. Poole says that she couldnt tell the difference between Mlaikas call and the __7__(distance) truck noise. Why did __8__ copy the sounds of the trucks driving by? Animals that are able to copy sounds may enjoy __9__(practice) new sounds. When they are kept outside of their natural environment, they may copy unusual sounds. So far Dr. Poole __10__(spend) 18 years with two female Asian elephants. Asian elephants make sounds like birds to talk with one another. Parrots, dolphins, humans, and elephants show that being a copycat is one way that animals and people make new friends and keep old ones. 1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 文章大意：文章主要介紹了動(dòng)物比如鸚鵡、海豚、大象等都具有和人一樣的模仿功能。 1．命題立意：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 答案： to copy　根據(jù)learn后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，故填to copy。 2．命題立意：考查固定詞組。 答案：to　根據(jù)add sth. to sth.把……加到……。故填to。 3．命題立意：考查定語(yǔ)從句。 答案： who　根據(jù)先行詞是zoologist，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故填who不填that。 4．命題立意：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 答案：made　根據(jù)strange noises是make的動(dòng)作承受者，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填made。 5．命題立意：考查冠詞用法。 答案：an　8yearold African elephant的首字母的發(fā)音是/ei/，元音音素應(yīng)用an，故填an。 6．命題立意：考查連詞用法。 答案： and 　根據(jù)空前后分句之間的并列關(guān)系判斷。故填and。 7．命題立意：考查形容詞用法。 答案： distant　根據(jù)空后是truck noise是名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞修飾，故填distant。 8．命題立意：考查代詞用法。 答案： it　根據(jù)前文判斷，可知填it指代這頭大象。 9．命題立意：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法。 答案：practising/practicing　根據(jù)前文的enjoy后跟動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)判斷填practising/practicing。 10．命題立意：考查時(shí)態(tài)。 答案：has spent 　根據(jù)空前的so far判斷應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，填has spent。