2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)匯總 第10章 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)匯總 第10章 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 第一節(jié) 真題精析 1.____ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. 【05北京春考】 A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 2. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ______ out of the window. 【04全國(guó)】 A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 3. Helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the music. 【04全國(guó)】 A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 4. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _____ in your mind instead of before your eyes. 【04全國(guó)】 A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when________ at the meeting by my boss. 【04全國(guó)】 A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 6. Alice returned from the managers office,_________ me that the boss wanted to see me at once. 【04全國(guó)】 A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling 7. The old man, ____________abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 【04江蘇】 A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 8. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining pany, ____ as 3M.【04浙江卷】 A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 9. You were silly not ____ you car. 【04湖南卷】 A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 10. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. 【04廣東卷】 A. Not pleting B. Not pleted C. Not having pleted D. Having not pleted 11. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ______ it—you’ve got some big bills ing. 【04廣東卷】 A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget 12．The news reporters hurried to the airport ,only________ the film stars had left. 【04福建卷】 A．to tell B．to be told C．telling D．told 13．Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time________ the exam. 【04福建卷】 A．pass B．to pass C．passed D．passing 14．I don’t know whether you happen , but I’m going to study in the U.S.A. this September. 【04遼寧卷】 A．to be heard B．to be hearing C．to hear D．to have heard 15． by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. 【04遼寧卷】 A．Attracting B．Attracted C．To be attracted D．Having attracted 16. Don’t leave the water while you brush your teeth. 【04天津卷】 A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 17. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents_____. 【04重慶卷】 A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 18. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week _________ TV. 【04上海卷】 A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. watch 19. The flu is believed _______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. 【04上海卷】 A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. be have caused 20. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. 【04上海卷】 A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 21. The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. 【04上海卷】 A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded C. having recorded 22. Having been attacked by terrorists, ________.【04上海卷】 A. doctors cane to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists 23. My advisor encouraged ____ a summer course to improve my writing skills.【04北京】 A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 24. ____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. 【04北京】 A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 25.When flint _______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. 【04全國(guó)】 A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 26. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen. 【NMETxx】 A．smoke B．smoking C．to smoke D．smoked 27．It is believed that if a book is , it will surely the reader . 【xx上?！? A．interested …interest B．interesting …be interested C．interested …be interesting D．interesting…interest 28．The discovery of new evidence led to . 【xx上?！? A．the thief having caught B．catch the thief C．the thief being caught D．the thief to be caught 29．An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings before firing any shots . 【xx上海】 A．to issue B．being issued C．to have issued D．to be issued 30.The teacher asked us ______so much noise. 【xx北京】 A. don’t make B .not make C. not making D. not to make 31._____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 【xx北京】 A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 32. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____whether they will enjoy it. 【NMETxx】 A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 33. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run panies are striving their products more petitive. 【xx上?！? A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made 34.Though _____ money, his parents ,managed to send him to university. 【xx上?！? A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 35.Don’t use words , expressions, or phrases only to people with specific knowledge. 【xx上?！? A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 36. to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. 【02上?！? A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed 37.-- How do you deal with the disagreement between the pany and the customers? --The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers. 【02北京】 A. to solving; making B. to solving, made C. to solve; making C. to solve, made 38. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows______. 【NMETxx】 A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 39.______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered【NMETxx】 40. Ive worked with children before , so I know what ________in my new job. 【NMETxx】 　A．expected B．to expect 　　 C．to be expecting D．expects 41. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______the next year. 　A．carry out B．carrying out　　 C．carried out D．to carry out【NMETxx】42. Robert is said______ abroad. but I dont know what country he studied in. 【NMETxx】 　A. to have studied 　　　　　　　　 B. to study 　C．to be studying 　　　　　　　　D．to have been studying 43.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________it more difficult. 　A. not make　　　 B. not to make 　 C. not making 　　　D. do not make【NMETxx】 44. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door_________ "Sorry to miss you；will call later." 【NMET2011】 　A. read 　　　　　 B. reads　　　　　 C. to read 　　　　D. reading 45. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____by the hour. 【NMET2011】 A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 46. European football is played in 80 countries, _____it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make【NMET03】 47. I would love ____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 【NMET01】 48. The Olympic Games, _______in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. 　A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing【NMET08】 49. The patient was warned　　oily food after the operation. 【NMET07】 　A. to eat not　　　 B. eating not　　 C. not to eat　　 D. not eating 50. 　　in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 【NMET06】 　A. Losing　　　 B. Having lost C. Lost　 　　　 D. To lose 51. Paul doesnt have to be made　　.He always works hard. 【NMET2011】 　A. learn　　　 B. to learn　　　 C. learned　　　 D. learning 52. —You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. 【NMET05】 　 —Well, now I regret　　that. 　A. to do　 　 B. to be doing 　 C. to have done　 D. having done 53. We agreed　　here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. 【NMET1995】 　A. having met　 B. meeting　 C. to meet　　　　 D. to have met 54. Rather than ______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers______ a bicycle. 【MET04】 　A. ride; ride　　　 B. riding; ride　 C. ride; to ride　 D. to ride; riding 55. The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river. 【MET04】 　A. playing　　 B. to be playing C. play　　　　　 D. to play 56. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, ______ that he had enjoyed his stay here. 【MET1994】 　A. having added　　 B. to add　　 C. adding 　　　　 D. added 57. The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 【MET1994】 　A. having written　 B. to be written　 C. being written　　 D. written 58.—I must apologize for ______ ahead of time. 【MET1994】 　 —Thats all right. 　A. letting you not know　　　　　　　 B. not letting you know 　C. letting you know not　　　　　　　 D. letting not you know 【答案與解析】 1. C該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。Arnold與face是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處faced with a difficult situation作狀語(yǔ)，故選C。句意：面對(duì)困境，阿諾德決定向老板請(qǐng)教。 2. A該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。主語(yǔ)和look是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處表示伴隨。句意：鮑勃看著窗外說(shuō)到：“這種天氣我們不能出去?！? 3. D 該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。據(jù)題意此處時(shí)表示目的故選不定式；herself 和hear的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選heard。句意：海倫不得不喊得比音樂(lè)聲大，想讓大家聽到她說(shuō)話。 4. C該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。此處是分詞作定語(yǔ)，pictures和form的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選C，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。句意：讀書和看電視是兩種不同的體驗(yàn)；（讀書）是在大腦中形成圖像，而不是在你眼前（看電視）。 5. C 該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。此處是連詞“when+分詞”作狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)I和question的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選擇C。其實(shí)，by my boss這也是一個(gè)重要的啟示。句意：說(shuō)起這件事我很慚愧，但在會(huì)上老板問(wèn)我時(shí)我撒謊了。 6. D 該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。句子主語(yǔ)Alice是tell動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，returned和tell動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，因此選擇telling。句意：愛麗絲從經(jīng)理辦公室回來(lái)，告訴我老板要立即見我。 7. D 該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。關(guān)鍵詞for twenty years，因此此處是強(qiáng)調(diào)work動(dòng)作在is on the way back之前發(fā)生，故選現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式。句意：這位老人在國(guó)外工作20年后踏上了返回祖國(guó)的路。 8. B 該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法。Linda和know as …的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選B。句意：琳達(dá)在明尼蘇達(dá)制造業(yè)礦業(yè)公司工作，都知道她是三老板。 9. B 該題是考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。不定式的完成形式表示不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。因?yàn)闆]鎖車才傻。句意：你太傻了怎么沒鎖車。 10. C該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。據(jù)題意此處強(qiáng)調(diào) not plete的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于stay之前，故選完成形式。Not放在分詞前面。句意：節(jié)目未完成，他們不得不在這里再住兩周。 11. A該題考查動(dòng)詞形式的用法。better= had better后接動(dòng)詞原形。句意：如果你打算這周花錢玩，你最好別想了。你的一些大的賬單要到。 12．B 該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。關(guān)鍵詞only。only+不定式表示未預(yù)料到的結(jié)果，此時(shí)tell和reporter是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選B。句意：新聞?dòng)浾邆兇掖颐γΦ刳s到機(jī)場(chǎng)，卻被告知電影明星在已離開。 13．D該題考查動(dòng)詞形式的用法。have a good/hard time doing sth為習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。句意：病了近一個(gè)月了，他艱難地通過(guò)了考試。 14．D該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。從句意分析強(qiáng)調(diào)hear的動(dòng)作在know之前發(fā)生，you和hear的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此選擇D。句意:我不知道你是否已經(jīng)聽說(shuō)了，我今年九月要去美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。 15．B該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的作狀語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)the girl和Attract是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此選擇過(guò)去分詞，表示被動(dòng)與完成。句意：為大自然的美所吸引，這位倫敦姑娘決定在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上再呆兩天。 16. B該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。water和run的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選B。句意：你刷牙時(shí)不要讓水一直流。 17. A該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。parents和worry是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選過(guò)去分詞。句意：懲罰父母對(duì)他們的孩子違法行為的法律令父母?jìng)儞?dān)憂。 18. C 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。spend后面可以接some time/ money on something或者(in) doing something 做賓語(yǔ)。句意：根據(jù)美國(guó)最近的一次調(diào)查表明，孩子每周用高達(dá)25個(gè)小時(shí)看電視。 19. C 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法?！懊~+ be+ believed （said,reported）+不定式”相當(dāng)于“It’s believed(said, reported) that…”,可以看作一個(gè)句型。flu與cause之間是一種動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式，因此，C正確。句意：流感被認(rèn)為是由在人類鼻腔和喉腔細(xì)胞內(nèi)繁殖的病毒引起的。 20. B 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式在這里作定語(yǔ)修飾the flowers，smell作不及物動(dòng)詞，與flowers之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，因此，B正確。句意：植物園內(nèi)芳香四溢的花吸引游客們享受自然的美。 21. A考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。disc與record是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示過(guò)去與被動(dòng)的含義，動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)通常表示將來(lái)的含義，因此，A正確。句意：用數(shù)碼技術(shù)錄制的光盤在那晚的晚會(huì)上聽起來(lái)很迷人。 22. B 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。本題的關(guān)鍵是應(yīng)該知道分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該與句子的主語(yǔ)相同，having been attacked的對(duì)象應(yīng)該是the tall building，因此，B為正確答案。句意：受到恐怖分子攻擊后，那座大樓倒塌了。 23. D 該題考查不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.為習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，意為：鼓勵(lì)某人做某事。句意：我的導(dǎo)師鼓勵(lì)我去上暑期班來(lái)提高寫作技能。 24. C 該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法?？疾闀r(shí)間先后關(guān)系，wait的動(dòng)作在realize之前發(fā)生故選現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式。句意：排隊(duì)等了半小時(shí)后，湯姆突然意識(shí)到他把錢包落到家里了。 25.B該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。Introduce是及物動(dòng)詞，flint和introduce關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選過(guò)去分詞。句意：燧石投放市場(chǎng)，這種產(chǎn)品很成功。 26. B該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法。在這里cook是smoke的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，故選現(xiàn)在分詞作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句意：如果發(fā)現(xiàn)廚師在廚房里抽煙，他會(huì)被立即解雇。 27.D 考查interest一詞的不同形式有不同的用法，interest作名詞的意思是“興趣、利益”，作動(dòng)詞意思是“使人感興趣”，interested 表示的是“感興趣”的心理狀態(tài)，interesting 意思是“有趣的”表示特點(diǎn)或特性，因此D正確。 28.C 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)與動(dòng)名詞的用法，lead to 導(dǎo)致，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，the thief與catch之間形成一種動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，正確答案為C。 29.A 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，order后應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)詞不定式里的動(dòng)詞issue與soldiers之間是一個(gè)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，并且issue的動(dòng)作不會(huì)先于order發(fā)生，因此選擇A。 30.D 該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞否定的用法。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞否定是用not來(lái)構(gòu)成，ask后接不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，即ask sb to do sth 或者ask sb not to do sth，故選答案D。題意：老師叫我們不要大聲喧嘩。 31.D 該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)一眼就能看出這是考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法，在看一下句子主語(yǔ)為he，與give的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選答案D過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)。題意：如果給他時(shí)間，他會(huì)成為一流的羽毛球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。 32.B 該題考查動(dòng)詞不定式。后一句中的第一個(gè)it 是形式主語(yǔ),其真正主語(yǔ)是whether they will enjoy it , 第二個(gè)it 是指上句中的 having a trip abroad .這對(duì)老夫婦是否enjoy having a trip abroad 還需要進(jìn)一步查明，用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即remains to be seen ，故答案為B。句意：對(duì)老兩口來(lái)說(shuō)出國(guó)旅游固然好，可是這還要看他們是否喜歡 33. A 考查動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞不定式座目的狀語(yǔ)。strive一詞的用法：strive to do sth或strive for sth意思為“努力做某事”。句意：為了在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上取得更大的份額，許多國(guó)際公司正在努力使自己的產(chǎn)品具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性。 34.C 考查分詞的用法。分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)前面可用一個(gè)連詞，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或出于表達(dá)需要，常用的連詞有：when, while, after, if, though, unless, as if 等。 35.D 考查分詞作定語(yǔ)的用法，分詞與其修飾的名詞形成一種邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選用過(guò)去分詞，D為正確答案。 36.C 考查動(dòng)名詞的用法。句子意思為“皮膚暴露的時(shí)間太久，將對(duì)皮膚有害?！眅xpose與skin是一種動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所填入的成分在句中做主語(yǔ)，因此，應(yīng)選用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。C為正確答案。 37.B該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。該題的關(guān)鍵詞是key為名詞意為：關(guān)鍵；要害，后接介詞to+名詞活動(dòng)名詞；另外，the demand后接分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，demand是make動(dòng)作的承受著，表被動(dòng)，故選答案B。句意：--你怎樣處理公司與顧客之間的不和？--處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是滿足顧客的要求。 38. C 該題考查疑問(wèn)詞后加不定式短語(yǔ)的用法。do with 和 疑問(wèn)詞what 連用是習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，do with 的賓語(yǔ)是上半句中的land in Australia, 即代詞 it ，整個(gè)what to do with it 又 作know 賓語(yǔ)，故 C 項(xiàng)是正確的。句意：聽說(shuō)澳大利亞所需處理的土地，比政府所知的還要多。 39. A該題考查動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞v-ing作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)形式。該題題干中有逗號(hào)，而且句子主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，故應(yīng)考慮不同的非謂語(yǔ)形式在表達(dá)意思上的差異，從而作出選擇。該句的意思是“河流已經(jīng)遭受如此嚴(yán)重的污染，現(xiàn)在要想清理也許太晚了”。后面句子的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在前面動(dòng)詞 suffer行為之后，因此，所設(shè)空中應(yīng)該選用表示“已經(jīng)完成”狀態(tài)的v-ing的完成體—— Having suffered （選項(xiàng) A）。另外，already 也起到提示與限制作用。 40. B 該題考查疑問(wèn)詞后加不定式短語(yǔ)的用法。疑問(wèn)詞后加不定式短語(yǔ)可以作賓語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)，該題關(guān)鍵詞what。I don’t know what to expect.句意：我以前和孩子一起工作過(guò)，所以我知道在新工作中期待什么。 41. C該題考查過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的用法。過(guò)去分詞carried out在句子中作see的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這個(gè)句子較復(fù)雜，但只要把句子結(jié)構(gòu)還原，就一目了然。the plan在句子中是定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，在定語(yǔ)從句that they would like to see 中作賓語(yǔ)，所以還原后變成they would like to see the plan carried out的形式。因此可以很容易選出正確答案C。句意：經(jīng)理們討論了他們要在下一年實(shí)施的這個(gè)計(jì)劃。 42. A 該題考查動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。be said 后接動(dòng)詞不定式，從“what country he studied in ” 得知study abroad在said之前發(fā)生，所以用不定式的完成形式。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)Robert已出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)，但我不知他在哪個(gè)國(guó)家。 43. B 該題考查兩個(gè)并列動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)的用法。句意：新技術(shù)的目的是使生活變得更簡(jiǎn)單而不是使之更復(fù)雜。to make life easier 和not to make life more difficult是并列的結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)。 44. D 該題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)的用法。從句子成分分析，前面有逗號(hào)分開，又沒有連詞連接， 故此處要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。message 是read動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者故應(yīng)當(dāng)選現(xiàn)在分詞。C項(xiàng)to read為不定式作狀語(yǔ)，通常表示目的、結(jié)果或原因，用在此處不妥。上面寫著一般用read和say這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞。句意：我回家時(shí)看到門上別著一個(gè)紙條上面寫著：“很遺憾沒有見到你，以后再來(lái)拜訪?！? 45. C 該題考查過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的用法。get在此相當(dāng)于系動(dòng)詞后接過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),還表示被動(dòng)意義。get paid 意為：報(bào)酬。句意：大城市的婦女清潔工通常按小時(shí)計(jì)酬。 46. A 該題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法。題意“踢歐式足球在80個(gè)國(guó)家盛行，這使它成為世界上最流行的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)”。 兩部分有逗號(hào)又沒有連詞連接，應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)?？瞻滋幉荒苓x謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故B兩項(xiàng)不可取。C為過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，與題意不符，又因D項(xiàng)為不定式，不定式通常表示目的或出乎預(yù)料的結(jié)果不能作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)A為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨狀況。該句中的making 相當(dāng)于which makes。 47. B 該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)的用法。love doing 指一貫喜歡做某事；would/should love/ like to do sth. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣句，用來(lái)陳述自己的愿望，表示“想要做某事”。因有l(wèi)ast night 和work extra hours to finish a report.故使用would love to have gone來(lái)表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作在加班之前發(fā)生。句意：昨晚我很想去晚會(huì)的，但為了完成報(bào)告不得不加班。 48. C 該題考查過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)的用法。the Olympic Games與play之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故play作用被動(dòng)形式，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in 776 B. C.表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，故用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。to be first played屬于不定式被動(dòng)式，它表示該動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后發(fā)生，與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in 776 B. C. 相矛盾。句意：公元前776年開始舉行的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)直到1912年才允許婦女參加。 49. C 該題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)的用法。關(guān)鍵詞是動(dòng)詞warn，warn意為：警告，用于warn sb to do sth 結(jié)構(gòu)中，用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是以不定式作其主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，不定式的否定式是not to do…，所以本題答案為C。句意：病人被警告術(shù)后不能吃油膩的東西。 50. C 該題考查分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的用法。lose oneself ；be lost in thought是動(dòng)詞lose的一種 固定用法，意為“陷入沉思之中”。兩部分有逗號(hào)又沒有連詞，應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，以說(shuō)明險(xiǎn)些撞到汽車上的原因，根據(jù)過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)的原則， be lost in thought 又是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故用過(guò)去分詞lost。題意：他陷入了沉思，險(xiǎn)些撞到他前面汽車上。 51. B 該題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的用法。在英語(yǔ)中，使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have和感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, feel等后面的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的不定式均不帶to，但是改成被動(dòng)句后，不定式前的to就不能省略，所以本題答案為B。句意：沒必要強(qiáng)迫保羅學(xué)習(xí)，他總是很努力。 52.D 該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)的用法。regret doing sth意為：后悔干了某事，表明動(dòng)作已完 成；regret to do sth意為：為去干某事后悔，表明當(dāng)時(shí)還未做。例如：I regret to say that you can’t go with me.據(jù)第一句話得知raise objection at the meeting動(dòng)作已完成,故選 動(dòng)名詞。句意：“你真勇敢在會(huì)上提出反對(duì)意見?！薄班?，我現(xiàn)在真為此事兒后悔?！? 53. C 該題考查動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的用法。該題的關(guān)鍵詞是agree其后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)D雖 屬不定式，但不定式的完成式表示動(dòng)作已發(fā)生，與hasn’t turned up yet 相矛盾，所以不能選D。只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞還有：afford，ask，beg，choose，decide，determine，hope，offer，want，manage，plan，refuse，pretend，promise，wish等。agree作不及物動(dòng)詞還有下列結(jié)構(gòu)：agree with sb/what one said同意某人的意見或者所說(shuō)的話；agree to sth（plan ，opinion etc）同意某事（計(jì)劃，觀點(diǎn)等）；agree on/upon sth就某事達(dá)成共識(shí)。句意：我同意在這里碰面但她到現(xiàn)在還沒露面。 54.C 該題考查動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。prefer to do rather than do 為習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，該題中的rather than提前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，后接動(dòng)詞原形；prefer 后接to do。題意：他寧愿騎自行車也不愿乘坐擁擠的公共汽車。 55. C 該題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。感官動(dòng)詞hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，feel等其后的賓補(bǔ)可以是現(xiàn)在分詞也可以是不定式?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，不定式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。該題的關(guān)鍵是last seen，據(jù)此play的動(dòng)作是當(dāng)時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故選C。題意：最后找到那個(gè)丟失的孩子時(shí)，他正在河邊玩耍。 56. C 該題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的用法。該題的關(guān)鍵在于有逗號(hào)分開，但沒有連詞，故選分詞，且句子主語(yǔ)又是add動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，故選現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。句意：來(lái)訪的總理表示對(duì)這次會(huì)談滿意，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)他在這兒過(guò)得很愉快。 57. D 該題考查現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)的用法。textbook是write動(dòng)作的承受者，又后面有in the 16th century過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)與完成。句意：為英語(yǔ)教學(xué)編寫的第一套教科書出臺(tái)于16世紀(jì)。 58. B 本題考查動(dòng)名詞的否定式的用法。動(dòng)名詞的否定式，其否定詞not應(yīng)放在動(dòng)名詞之前構(gòu)成，not doing。句意：“因事前沒告訴你我必須向你道歉?！薄皼]關(guān)系?！? 第二節(jié) 考點(diǎn)歸納 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就是在句子中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，這樣的動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。它包括動(dòng)詞的不定式、V-ing和V-ed三種形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞具有雙重性質(zhì)，它既有動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)，又有非動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)。具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征，因此在句中除了不能作謂語(yǔ)外，可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能作謂語(yǔ)，因此不能借助于助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞否定，但是它可以借助于not或never來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)他的否定。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能作謂語(yǔ)，因此在語(yǔ)法上不能有主語(yǔ)，但由于它們表示的是動(dòng)作，在意思上是可以有主語(yǔ)的，這個(gè)主語(yǔ)可稱為邏輯主語(yǔ)（the Logical Subject）。邏輯主語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的主謂關(guān)系是我們選用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式的依據(jù)，如果邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，選用主動(dòng)形式；如果是動(dòng)作的承受者，則選用被動(dòng)形式。 一、動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式(infinitive)是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式，即非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，它有兩種形式：一種是“to + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成（to- infinitive）；另一種是不帶to的不定式,即動(dòng)詞原形(bare- infinitive)。所有行為動(dòng)詞都有不定式形式，其否定式是在不定式前加not。動(dòng)詞不定式（或不定式短語(yǔ)）沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)。 （一）動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞不定式有一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式、完成進(jìn)行式四種時(shí)態(tài)變化形式，一般式和完成式有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變化形式。 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 一般式 to write to be written 進(jìn)行式 to be writing 完成式 to have written to have been written 完成進(jìn)行式 to have been writing 1、不定式的時(shí)態(tài)意義 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)是以句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間為依據(jù)的 （1）一般式表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)通常發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生。 They made plans to live in Paris. 他們計(jì)劃住在巴黎。（to live 發(fā)生在 made plans之后） （2）進(jìn)行式表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。 He pretended to be listening to me carefully. 他假裝認(rèn)真地聽我講。 注意：不定式的進(jìn)行式常同may, might, can, could, must, need, ought to, should, will, would 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，表示“可能、應(yīng)當(dāng)或想必”正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 You oughtn’t to be talking so much. 你不應(yīng)該說(shuō)這么多。 He might be reading a novel at that time. 那時(shí)他可能正在讀小說(shuō)。 （3）不定式的完成時(shí)表達(dá)下列意義： A. 不定式的完成式所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。 （to have kept發(fā)生在I am sorry所表示的時(shí)間之前） She is said to have just pleted a novel. 據(jù)說(shuō)她剛完成一部小說(shuō)。 （to have just pleted a novel發(fā)生在She is said所表示的時(shí)間之前） B. 用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等詞后，不定式的完成式表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、期待、想法、打算或計(jì)劃等。to have + 過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作， to have been表示狀態(tài)。 I meant to have done the work before Sunday. 我本想星期天前完成這項(xiàng)工作。（沒完成） I was to have been a doctor. 我本打算當(dāng)個(gè)醫(yī)生。（沒當(dāng)成） I intended to have e to see you.我本打算來(lái)看你的。(但沒來(lái)) C.用在seem, appear, thing, consider, believe等后，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作先于另一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生。 I seem to have seen her somewhere before.以前我好像在那見過(guò)她。（see在seem之前發(fā)生） He was believed to have been a reporter.都認(rèn)為他從前干過(guò)記者。 D. 在should(would) like 或should(would)have like后用不定式完成式表示沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 I should like to have gone with her.我多么愿意和她一起去。（但沒去） I would like to have seen her face when she read the letter.我真想見到她讀信時(shí)的表情。（但沒看到） （4）不定式的完成進(jìn)行式表示動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，而且一直進(jìn)行著。 He was happy to have been staying with his uncle.他很高興一直跟他叔叔住在一起。 He looked too young to have been publishing books for six years.他看上去很年輕，不像已經(jīng)出版了6年書的人。 （5） e + 不定式表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過(guò)程 He will e to understand it in the end.他最終會(huì)懂得的。 Later he came to be a famous painter.后來(lái)他成了著名的畫家。 2、動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不定式用主動(dòng)式；如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 The doctor remended the room to be aired. 醫(yī)生建議讓房間透透氣。 The sports meeting on the weekend has to be put off. 周末的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)被迫推遲。 3、意義上被動(dòng)形式上主動(dòng)的不定式 （1） 在“there be+主語(yǔ)