2019高考英語一輪優(yōu)練題 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

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Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars (必修3　Unit 4) 【短文語法填空】 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 The Internet 1.has_grown(grow) rapidly in the last thirty years，2.but some experts are pessimistic about the future of the Internet.Now some hackers can get 3.into the puters of banks and governments while in the future even terrorists may “attack” the world’s puters，4.causing(cause) great damage.However，there are many people 5.who are optimistic about the future of the Internet. 6.What has convinced them is that people can do many things such as 7.buying(buy) books and finding out about holiday offers from the Internet.Here are some people’s predictions.There will be a huge 8.growth(grow) in shopping on the Internet and we will get 9.entertainment(entertain) from the Internet，so that television will disappear as well as the mail service.The use of puters with sounds and pictures will make you feel as if you are in a real situation and virtual 10.reality(real) will bee a part of modern life. Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2016蘭州診斷) One of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem,Pennsylvania. We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto.It was the farthest,coldest,and darkest thing a child could imagine.We guessed how long it would take to die if we stood on the surface of such a frozen place wearing only the clothes we had on.We tried to figure out how much colder Pluto was than the Antarctic,or than the coldest day we had ever experienced in Pennsylvania. Pluto,which famously was downgraded from a “major planet” to a “dwarf planet”(矮行星)in 2006,captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could plete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system. Pluto’s underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive.Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.As an assistant at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff,Arizona,Tombaugh’s task was to search millions of stars for a moving point of light,a planet that the observatory’s founder thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune.On February 18,1930,Tombaugh found it.Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American,and represented a moment of light in the midst of the Great Depression’s dark encroachment (入侵). Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet.It’s a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn’t the limit at all.We don’t know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look. 1.Why did Pluto bee famous in 2006 according to the passage? A.Because it disappeared in the sky. B.Because it lost its major planet status. C.Because it was discovered by an American. D.Because it was proved to be the coldest planet in the universe. 2.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Pluto’s Romance B.Pluto Was First Discovered by a Boy C.An American Scientist:Clyde Tombaugh D.The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania 3.What can we learn from the fourth paragraph? A.Clyde Tombaugh discovered the darkness in the Great Depression. B.Pluto was the only planet that was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh. C.Clyde Tombaugh’s telescopes used for searching stars were very simple. D.Clyde Tombaugh’s job was to build telescopes for Lowell Observatory. 4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph is most likely to mean 　　　. A.Pluto is no less than a planet in the solar system B.Pluto is much more than a planet in the solar system C.Pluto is more important than any other planet in the sky D.Pluto is not a planet in the solar system,but it is more than a planet B Following the crowd may not always be in a persons best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults. Scientists have known that close friendships help boost health.Thats true for both teens and adults.The finding inspired Joseph Allen，a psychologist at the University of Virginia，and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health. So they followed 171 teens，starting when the kids were just 13.They interviewed each one every year for five years，and also spoke to these teens closest friends，who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships.The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25,26 and 27.This time, the questions surveyed each persons overall health.When the researchers analyzed the data，they found a strong connection between a teens behavior and adult health.Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults.Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health.Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults.The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health.Weight，family ine and drug use were all examined.So were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depression.And in these people，such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did. Getting along with the crowd may have benefits，says Allen，but there are also drawbacks.Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work.And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior，such as smoking，drinking or using drugs.Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge，Allen acknowledges.“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldnt lose heart for not finding this easy.”And，he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.” 1．Where can you probably read this passage? A．Science fiction. B．Health column. C．Fashion magazine. D．Entertainment newspaper. 2．We can learn from Allens study that ________. A．many other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendships B．mental health issues have nothing to do with adult health C．the same 171 teens were interviewed each year from 13 to 27 D．the teens who couldnt express themselves grew up to be unhealthy 3．According to what Allen said，we can know that ________. A．in order to do better at school，teens should not follow the crowd B．though its challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure，they should not give up C．teens will engage in smoking，drinking or using drugs when facing peer pressure D．parents should understand their teens and stop them going with friends 4．What can be inferred from the passage? A．There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd. B．Close friendships are the most important for peoples health. C．Teen friendships may help teens bee healthier adults. D．Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships. 【解題導(dǎo)語】研究表明，與朋友較少或者沒有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在長大后更健康。當(dāng)然，與朋友相處也有壞處。 1．B　考查推理判斷。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹青少年時的友誼對青少年成年后健康的影響。據(jù)此可知，本文屬于健康知識類文章，故可判斷，本文可能選自“健康專欄”，故B項正確。 2．D　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whether teens held back...sick as adults”可知，青少年是否向他們的好朋友表達情感也會影響到其成年后的健康，那些壓抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康。故D項正確。 3．B　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，與朋友相處使得青少年在成年后更加健康的同時也會帶來不利影響，即周圍同齡人帶來的壓力，這些壓力會導(dǎo)致許多問題。分析Allen的話“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldnt lose heart for not finding this easy”可以判斷，青少年要應(yīng)對這些壓力，找到正確的平衡點是關(guān)鍵，不能因為很難找到平衡點就灰心喪氣。故選B。 4．C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults”可知，與朋友相處的青少年在成年后會更加健康。C項意為“青少年時期的友誼會幫助青少年成為更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思，故C項正確。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Getting along with the crowd may have benefits，says Allen，but there are also drawbacks”可知，與朋友相處有好處，但是也有一定的缺點，故A項與文意不符；B項錯在“the most”，D項錯在“only”，都太過于絕對。 Ⅱ.七選五閱讀 Violent Games:Fun or Harmful? If you play lots of video games,you’ve probably blown a zombie(僵尸) into tiny bits.　1　 Many adults worry that playing such games could make children act violently in real life.Is that true? The American Academy of Pediatrics(兒科) says that violence in any kind of media—from TV to music to video games—presents a risk to kids’ health.A number of studies have shown a link between video games and aggression,including one published in JAMA Pediatrics in 2014,which found that kids who played violent video games showed an increase in aggressive thoughts and behaviours.　2　 But not all studies agree that violent games cause kids to act out.Another study replaced violent deaths with evaporation(蒸發(fā)) in a game.　3　People who played the non-violent game without any training were more aggressive afterward than people who played the violent version but learned to control themselves first. And here’s an even stranger fact:When violent video games are released,people carry out fewer violent crimes!Why?　4　Steve Levitt,coauthor of the book Freakonomics,said,“If you can make video games fun enough,then kids will stop doing everything else.They’ll stop watching TV,and they’ll stop going out and creating violent disorder on the street.” What do you think?　5　 A.One possible explanation:potential criminals are at home playing the new game. B.Then,before playing the game,some people received training and others didn’t. C.More than 3,000 kids answered survey questions during a two-year period. D.For example,thinking it’s OK to hit someone you don’t like. E.Have you ever played any violent video games? F.Do violent video games cause bad behaviour? G.Some games even pile up dead bodies. Ⅲ.短文改錯 (2016南昌二模) Everyone of us are thinking about the future.I have decided to bee a middle school teacher.Does it sound surprised? I have had this dream when I was a child.I love children.I don’t think to deal with them all years round is just wasting time.On the contrary,to me it means happiness.Like we all can see,teachers are badly needed in our country,and not many of us want to bee teachers.One of the main reasons of this is teachers work too hard but get too little.In spite of that,I’m determining to devote all my life into the cause of education. 考點規(guī)范練(必修3　Unit 4) 【短文語法填空】 Ⅰ. A【解題導(dǎo)語】本文為說明文。文章介紹了冥王星的傳奇故事及其被發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程以及對人類的意義。 1.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Pluto,which famously was downgraded from a ‘major planet’ to a ‘dwarf planet’ in 2006...”可知,2006年冥王星之所以出名是因為其地位下降了,從一個重要的行星變成了一顆矮行星。 2.A　主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的整體內(nèi)容可推知,本文主要介紹了冥王星被發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程以及對人類的意義,故“冥王星的傳奇故事”適合作文章的標(biāo)題。 3.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的第二句 “Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas farm boy who built telescopes out of spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.”可知,克萊德湯博所使用的望遠鏡比較簡單。 4.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的第二句“It’s a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn’t the limit at all.”和第三段中的“...because it was a mystery that could plete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.”可推知,冥王星雖然不是太陽系邊緣的行星,但是它的發(fā)現(xiàn)意義重大,比行星還重要。 B Ⅱ.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是議論文。文章討論了暴力電子游戲帶來的是趣味還是傷害。 1.G　根據(jù)下句中的“...playing such games could make children act violently.”可知,“一些堆滿了尸體的游戲”可能會讓孩子們行為暴力。 2.D　D項“認為可以打你不喜歡的人”符合本空前的aggressive thoughts and behaviours。 3.B　根據(jù)下句中的“People...without any training...people...learned to control themselves first.”可推測,“在玩游戲前,有些人接受了訓(xùn)練,而有些人沒有”。 4.A　A項“潛在的罪犯在家玩新游戲”是對本空前問題的“一個可能的解釋”。 5.F　根據(jù)本文標(biāo)題及全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要討論了暴力電子游戲帶來的是趣味還是傷害,故本文最后可能問的是讀者對暴力電子游戲的看法:你認為“暴力電子游戲會引起不好的行為嗎?” Ⅲ.　　Everyone of us areis thinking about the future.I have decided to bee a middle school teacher.Does it sound surprisedsurprising? I have had this dream when I was a child.I love children.I don’t think to deal with them all yearsyear round is just wasting time.On the contrary,to me it means happiness.LikeAs we all can see,teachers are badly needed in our country,andbut not many of us want to bee teachers.One of the main reasons offor this is teachers work too hard but get too little.In spite of that,I’m determiningdetermined to devote all my life intoto the cause of education.