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編號
無錫太湖學院
畢業(yè)設計（論文）
相關資料
題目：三菱變頻器對異步電動機調速控制 三相異步電動機調速控制系統(tǒng)設計
信機 系 機械工程及自動化專業(yè)
學 號： 0923135
學生姓名： 周 磊
指導教師： 宋廣雷（職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設計（論文）開題報告
二、畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計劃、進度、檢查及落實表”
四、實習鑒定表
無錫太湖學院
畢業(yè)設計（論文）
開題報告
題目：三菱變頻器對異步電動機調速控制 三相異步電動機調速控制系統(tǒng)設計
信機 系 機械工程及自動化 專業(yè)
學 號： 0923135
學生姓名： 周 磊
指導教師： 宋廣雷 （職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2012年11月25日
課題來源
自擬題目
科學依據（包括課題的科學意義；國內外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢；應用前景等）
（1）課題科學意義
電動機作為把電能轉換為機械能的主要設備，在實際應用中，一是要使電動機具有較高的機電能量轉換效率；二是根據生產機械的工藝要求控制和調節(jié)電動機的旋轉速度。電動機的調速性能的好壞對提高產品質量，提高勞動生產率和節(jié)省電能有著直接的決定性影響。眾所周知，直流電動機的轉速容易控制和調節(jié)，采用轉速電流雙閉環(huán)直流調速系統(tǒng)可獲得優(yōu)良的靜動態(tài)調速特性。因此長期以來，在變速傳動領域中，直流調速一直占據主導地位。但是，由于直流電動機的機械式換向器和電刷存在著諸多弱點，因此有時直流調速也受到限制。然而，采用無換向器的交流電動機組成的交流調速系統(tǒng)代替直流調速系統(tǒng)可以突破這些限制，滿足生產發(fā)展對調速、傳動的各種不同的要求。交流電機調速技術的發(fā)展，特別是變頻器傳動本身固有的優(yōu)勢，必將使之應用于社會生產的各個領域，以體現出不同的功能，達到不同的目的，收到相應的效益。因此，本論文通過對變頻器的研究，對于交流變頻調速系統(tǒng)理論的應用，有著實際的意義和一定的應用價值。
（2）三相異步電動機變頻調速系統(tǒng)的研究現狀及其發(fā)展前景
隨著變頻技術的不斷的發(fā)展，通用變頻器以其優(yōu)異的控制性能現已在調速領域、工業(yè)領域及家電產品中得到迅速推廣。此外，變頻技術和變頻器制造己經從傳統(tǒng)的拖動技術中分離出來，現已成為各國在工業(yè)自動化和機電一體化領域中爭強占先的陣地，而發(fā)達國家更是在該技術領域投入了極大的人力、物力、財力，逐步向高新技術行業(yè)發(fā)展。
（1）網絡智能化
智能化的變頻器可以進行故障自診斷、遙控診斷以及部件自動置換，從而保證變頻器的長壽命。利用互聯網可以實現多臺變頻器聯動等綜合管理控制系統(tǒng)。
（2）專業(yè)化和一體化
變頻器的制造專業(yè)化，可以使變頻器在某一領域的性能更強，如風機、水泵、電梯、起重機械和張力控制專用變頻器等。此外變頻器與電動機一體化的發(fā)展趨勢，使變頻器成為電動機的一部分，逐漸向體積小、易控制的方向發(fā)展。
（3）適應新能源
以太陽能和風力為能源的燃料電池以其低廉的性能已得到廣泛的應用。這些發(fā)電設備的最大特點是容量小而分散，將來的變頻器就要適應這樣的新能源，既要高效，又要低耗。隨著電力電子技術、微電子技術和現代控制技術的快速發(fā)展，變頻調速傳動技術也隨之取得了日新月異的進。主要表現在交流調速裝置的大容量化、變頻器的高性能化和多功能化、結構的小型化等方面。
研究內容
① 熟練地掌握電動機的原理和控制的方法
② 熟練掌握三菱變頻器的安裝及其原理
③ 熟練掌握三菱變頻器對異步電動機的調速
④ 掌握電動機與變頻器之間的連接和注意事項
⑤ 能夠熟練掌握CAD對電路圖等等的繪制
擬采取的研究方法、技術路線、實驗方案及可行性分析
研究方法：
通過參閱借來的參考資料，并對三相異步電動機和三菱變頻器進行實體的觀察，認真的研究，了解他們的基本內容，與指導老師一起合作完成畢業(yè)設計。
技術線路：
提出任務分析對系統(tǒng)的需求確定任務要求，完成任務書。方案的設計階段對三相異步電動機進行分析和提問，并提出一些解決的方案。組合幾種方案進行整理。選定最好的方案進行實操，并對一系列的數據進行整理。合理的試用一些參考文獻和說明書。
技術可行性：
作為研究內容所需要的軟件CAD，
研究計劃及預期成果
研究計劃：
2012年11月12日-2013年1月20日：按照任務書要求查閱論文相關參考資料，填寫業(yè)設計開題報告書。 ，
2013年2月11日-2013年2月235日：找一篇相關的外文期刊并翻譯。構建框架，完成第一章緒論。
2013年3月4日-2013年3月8日：完成總的結構方案設計。
2013年3月11日-2013年4月20日：開始著手設計系統(tǒng)。
2013年4月22日-2013年5月3日：著手寫說明書初稿，修改，完成初稿。
2013年4月22日-2013年5月10日：修改說明書并打印，整理資料主被答辯。
預期成果：
對三相異步電動機的變頻調速有了逐步的了解，并且可以很好地完成系統(tǒng)的設計。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
①主題明確，有針對性，穩(wěn)定，易操作，通用性強。
② 使用簡易，功能完善。
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題
① 技術條件：整體的構架基本明確，有很好的參考資料。
②尚未解決的問題：技術還不夠成熟。
指導教師意見
指導教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室（學科組、研究所）意見
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見
主管領導簽名：
年 月 日
編號
無錫太湖學院
畢業(yè)設計（論文）
相關資料
題目：三菱變頻器對異步電動機調速控制 三相異步電動機調速控制系統(tǒng)設計
信機 系 機械工程及自動化專業(yè)
學 號： 0923135
學生姓名： 周 磊
指導教師： 宋廣雷（職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2013年5月25日
目 錄
一、畢業(yè)設計（論文）開題報告
二、畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文
三、學生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計劃、進度、檢查及落實表”
四、實習鑒定表
無錫太湖學院
畢業(yè)設計（論文）
開題報告
題目：三菱變頻器對異步電動機調速控制 三相異步電動機調速控制系統(tǒng)設計
信機 系 機械工程及自動化 專業(yè)
學 號： 0923135
學生姓名： 周 磊
指導教師： 宋廣雷 （職稱：副教授 ）
（職稱： ）
2012年11月25日
課題來源
自擬題目
科學依據（包括課題的科學意義；國內外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢；應用前景等）
（1）課題科學意義
電動機作為把電能轉換為機械能的主要設備，在實際應用中，一是要使電動機具有較高的機電能量轉換效率；二是根據生產機械的工藝要求控制和調節(jié)電動機的旋轉速度。電動機的調速性能的好壞對提高產品質量，提高勞動生產率和節(jié)省電能有著直接的決定性影響。眾所周知，直流電動機的轉速容易控制和調節(jié)，采用轉速電流雙閉環(huán)直流調速系統(tǒng)可獲得優(yōu)良的靜動態(tài)調速特性。因此長期以來，在變速傳動領域中，直流調速一直占據主導地位。但是，由于直流電動機的機械式換向器和電刷存在著諸多弱點，因此有時直流調速也受到限制。然而，采用無換向器的交流電動機組成的交流調速系統(tǒng)代替直流調速系統(tǒng)可以突破這些限制，滿足生產發(fā)展對調速、傳動的各種不同的要求。交流電機調速技術的發(fā)展，特別是變頻器傳動本身固有的優(yōu)勢，必將使之應用于社會生產的各個領域，以體現出不同的功能，達到不同的目的，收到相應的效益。因此，本論文通過對變頻器的研究，對于交流變頻調速系統(tǒng)理論的應用，有著實際的意義和一定的應用價值。
（2）三相異步電動機變頻調速系統(tǒng)的研究現狀及其發(fā)展前景
隨著變頻技術的不斷的發(fā)展，通用變頻器以其優(yōu)異的控制性能現已在調速領域、工業(yè)領域及家電產品中得到迅速推廣。此外，變頻技術和變頻器制造己經從傳統(tǒng)的拖動技術中分離出來，現已成為各國在工業(yè)自動化和機電一體化領域中爭強占先的陣地，而發(fā)達國家更是在該技術領域投入了極大的人力、物力、財力，逐步向高新技術行業(yè)發(fā)展。
（1）網絡智能化
智能化的變頻器可以進行故障自診斷、遙控診斷以及部件自動置換，從而保證變頻器的長壽命。利用互聯網可以實現多臺變頻器聯動等綜合管理控制系統(tǒng)。
（2）專業(yè)化和一體化
變頻器的制造專業(yè)化，可以使變頻器在某一領域的性能更強，如風機、水泵、電梯、起重機械和張力控制專用變頻器等。此外變頻器與電動機一體化的發(fā)展趨勢，使變頻器成為電動機的一部分，逐漸向體積小、易控制的方向發(fā)展。
（3）適應新能源
以太陽能和風力為能源的燃料電池以其低廉的性能已得到廣泛的應用。這些發(fā)電設備的最大特點是容量小而分散，將來的變頻器就要適應這樣的新能源，既要高效，又要低耗。隨著電力電子技術、微電子技術和現代控制技術的快速發(fā)展，變頻調速傳動技術也隨之取得了日新月異的進。主要表現在交流調速裝置的大容量化、變頻器的高性能化和多功能化、結構的小型化等方面。
研究內容
① 熟練地掌握電動機的原理和控制的方法
② 熟練掌握三菱變頻器的安裝及其原理
③ 熟練掌握三菱變頻器對異步電動機的調速
④ 掌握電動機與變頻器之間的連接和注意事項
⑤ 能夠熟練掌握CAD對電路圖等等的繪制
擬采取的研究方法、技術路線、實驗方案及可行性分析
研究方法：
通過參閱借來的參考資料，并對三相異步電動機和三菱變頻器進行實體的觀察，認真的研究，了解他們的基本內容，與指導老師一起合作完成畢業(yè)設計。
技術線路：
提出任務分析對系統(tǒng)的需求確定任務要求，完成任務書。方案的設計階段對三相異步電動機進行分析和提問，并提出一些解決的方案。組合幾種方案進行整理。選定最好的方案進行實操，并對一系列的數據進行整理。合理的試用一些參考文獻和說明書。
技術可行性：
作為研究內容所需要的軟件CAD，
研究計劃及預期成果
研究計劃：
2012年11月12日-2013年1月20日：按照任務書要求查閱論文相關參考資料，填寫業(yè)設計開題報告書。 ，
2013年2月11日-2013年2月235日：找一篇相關的外文期刊并翻譯。構建框架，完成第一章緒論。
2013年3月4日-2013年3月8日：完成總的結構方案設計。
2013年3月11日-2013年4月20日：開始著手設計系統(tǒng)。
2013年4月22日-2013年5月3日：著手寫說明書初稿，修改，完成初稿。
2013年4月22日-2013年5月10日：修改說明書并打印，整理資料主被答辯。
預期成果：
對三相異步電動機的變頻調速有了逐步的了解，并且可以很好地完成系統(tǒng)的設計。
特色或創(chuàng)新之處
①主題明確，有針對性，穩(wěn)定，易操作，通用性強。
② 使用簡易，功能完善。
已具備的條件和尚需解決的問題
① 技術條件：整體的構架基本明確，有很好的參考資料。
②尚未解決的問題：技術還不夠成熟。
指導教師意見
指導教師簽名：
年 月 日
教研室（學科組、研究所）意見
教研室主任簽名：
年 月 日
系意見
主管領導簽名：
年 月 日
英文原文
1 Frequency Variation Speed Control
1.1 The Popularity and Prospect of Frequency Variation Speed Control
The electrical machinery exchange frequency conversion velocity modulation technology is the electricity saving, the improvement technical process improves the product quality and the improvement environment, the impetus technology advancement one main method now The frequency conversion velocity modulation by its outstanding velocity modulation and the braking quality, the high efficiency, the high power factor and the electricity saving effect, the widespread applicable scope and other many merits by the domestic grandfather was thought most has the development future velocity modulation way. The electrical transmission control system usually by the electric motor, the control device and the information installs 3 parts to be composed, the electrical transmission relates uses the electric motor by to save the electrical energy and to control the machinery reasonably the operating condition, the realization electrical energy - mechanical energy transformation, achieves, the high production, the low consumption goal high quality. The electrical transmission divides into does not modulate velocity and modulates velocity two big kinds, the velocity modulation is divided the exchange to modulate velocity and to direct current modulates velocity two ways. The variable speed motor directly does not supply power by the electrical network But the machinery which does not modulate velocity along with electric power electronic technology development this kind of original manuscript more and more many changes to the velocity modulation transmission by to save the electrical energy The improvement product quality, enhances the output Therefore the velocity modulation transmission is an important profession, already obtained the country to take, at present had certain scale.
In recent years exchanged in the velocity modulation most to be active, to develop quickest is the frequency conversion velocity modulation technology, the frequency conversion velocity modulation is exchanges the velocity modulation foundation and the branch content. The last century transformer appearance causes the change voltage to become very much easy, thus has accomplished a huge electric power profession. Since long ago, the alternating current frequency always is fixed, the frequency conversion velocity modulation technology appearance causes the frequency to become may the full use resources.
In this recent 10 years, the frequency conversion technology application has the very big development in our country, and obtained the good effect to be possible to say, the frequency conversion technology has accepted for the majority users, but had no alternative but to point out, our country in frequency conversion technology application aspect, with developed country level Shang You very big disparity. At present, the AC motors we are using now use frequency variation speed control only about 6%, but the developed country is 60%~70%, Japan on air blower, water pump frequency conversion velocity modulation use rate is 10%, but our country is less than 0.01%, In Japan air-conditioner using frequency variation technique rate is 70%, but our country's only then just started Embarks from this reality, frequency conversion technology remain have the very big development space, we should complete the promoted application work doggedly.
And with the constant development of control technique and control avenue, frequency variation speed controlled has developed the vector controlled frequency variation velocity modulation, by controlling the AC motor inside act for shunt DC motor field coper’s flux, to enhance the permanent torque output scope and static and dynamic character, make the AC motor frequency variation speed controlled system superior to DC motor voltage variation speed controlled system. For simplifying the control system, reducing the fault rate, there has developed a vector controlled frequency variation speed control without speed sensor which based on the vector controlled frequency variation speed control. In some application which have low require , vector controlled frequency variation speed control without speed sensor could completely compare with the vector controlled frequency variation speed control that have speed sensor. The vector control has the epoch-making significance to the AC current motor velocity modulation.
Frequency variation speed control is the best way in the motor speed modulation, it is the perfect gear in the company’s technical reform and product renewal, it is the essential composition in the industrial automatic system, it is the assumption of realizing the automatic of product proceed and management, it is also the precondition in the development of informationization. In our country’s traditional estate, using the DC motor speed control actuation account about 85%~90% in the speed controlled system, but the AC speed controlled system account about 10%~15%. Low efficiency, bad quality, large cost, high fault rate have already been the bottleneck that restrain the development of the company. So, we must promote the advanced AC frequency variation speed control technique positively, arms the traditional industry with the advanced equipment, promote a further development in the automation, the industrialization and the informationization.
1.2 Our Country’s Development Condition in Speed Controlled Technique
Our country is a developing country, so many product’s research ability has behind the developed countries. From now on, the product of frequency variation speed controlled that ourselves made only act for last century 90s in the international. With the reform and opening, rapid development of economic, forms a large market, it opens to the country companies, also the foreign companies. Many products are exported from the developed countries, and runs well in our country, satisfied our need in fabrication and living. Many co-partership companies in our country make the international advanced products. The domestic complete department independently is designing the manufacture in the complete set installment to use the foreign import company and the joint venture supposes advanced each, own develop the application software, can provide the first-class electrical transmission control system for the domestic and foreign important engineering project. Although obtains very many result, but should see because domestic develops, the production product ability voluntarily is weak, is serious to the overseas company's dependence.
As early as in the country "85" technical attack plan, the alternating velocity modulation technique was listed as the key technical attack project, but because our country’s electric power and electronic device aggregate level is very low, although the production of IGBT、GTO component has introduced the overseas technique, it has not formed the economies of scale benefit, almost does not have the independent development ability of new frequency converter production, this has affected the domestic frequency conversion velocity modulation technique development in the certain degree. In the high efficiency AC-AC frequency convert technique、the motors without commutator technique and so on, the domestic product also has the suitable disparity in the digitization and the system reliable aspect compares with the overseas level, in the medium efficiency frequency convert technique, nearly all productions use ordinary V/F control inland, few adopt the vector control technique, and can not satisfied the market requirement in the variety and quality. But in overseas, the frequency conversion technique obtains the full development, and has obtained the remarkable achievement in each aspect. In power component aspect, high voltage、the appearance of SCR、GTO、IGBT、IGCT with high current capacity and the using in series and parallel, the high-pressured and high efficiency frequency converter production obtains the production and the promoted application. In microelectronic technique aspect, 16bit and 32bit high speed microprocessors as well as the fast development of DSP and ASIC technique, provided the hardware method in realizing the frequency converter which with high accuracy multi-purpose. In theory aspect, the vector control, the magnetic flux control, the torque control, the intelligent control, the new control theory and so on have provided the related rationale for the high performance frequency converter development, we may see that, in the overall, the alternating frequency conversion velocity modulation technique in our country has big disparity compares with international level.
Therefore, the AC frequency variation speed control technique has the following sides:
1) The basic research of control strategy in frequency converter has a large gap compares with the foreign level.
2) The technical level of the whole machine is low in the frequency converter, although we had input certainly people, material resources, but because of the disperse power, did not form a certainly technique and production scale.
3) All the semiconductor power device product in the frequency converter is blank.
4) Correlative Industries and relative Industries drop behind.
5) Few production and sale, low reliable and technological standards.
With the development and improvement in the power electronic technique, power divert based on power electronic circuit technique and various control technique, the AC frequency variation speed controlled technique is mature day by day, and sure to be the main way in the future. With the constant development of power electronic technique, reliable character, well adoption, cheap price that the frequency converter have will become true. This technique will gain widely, popularity application .At present, foreign developed countries’ frequency convert technique towards to the miniaturization, high reliability, defend with harm, more function, high character, and our country is coming on now.
1.3 Frequency Variation Speed Controlled Mode
The alternating frequency conversion velocity modulation technique obtained the rapid development in 20th century. This is related with some crucial technical which gain unprecedented progress, they are Motor vector control technique, Direct torque control technique, PWM technique, Entire numerical control technique and self-setting technique which based on microcomputer and large scale integrated circuit, and so on.
1) Vector Control Technique
Vector transformation control technique is a one kind of new control thought and control theory which posed by SIEMENS CO. in 1971. It is realizing the stator current excitation component and the torque component solution lotus root by rotor magnetic field direction detection, and vector transformation, achieved the goal that separately control the motor flux linkage and the electric current, as a result, obtain finely static, dynamic performance. Until now, the vector control technique has obtained the considerable development, and also obtained the widespread application.
2) Vector Control Without Velocity Generator Technique
Vector control without velocity generator technique abolish the problems that the environment compatibility、install and maintenance bring on, reduce the cost, enhance the system reliability, at the same time, union vector control, has the fine performance of vector control. The speed estimate method in vector control technique without velocity generator, besides basis mathematical model computation electric motor rotational speed, at present the more applied are the model to refer auto-adapted method and expands the Kalman filtering law. In addition, entire Uygur rotor magnetic flux sight, tooth overtone electric potential, such as this theory and so on, also appearance in the vector control without velocity generator technique. Since 1983 proposed the vector control without velocity generator technique control strategy, receives the academic circles and the industrial field continuously highly focused all the time. Hitachi company and Sichuan electrical machinery and so on had published the research results separately in 1987, and had promoted the product one after another. At present, vector control without velocity generator technique in frequency converter controlling in the velocity modulation scope is about 1:50, some individual merchant has 1:75 or even higher product.
3) Direct Torque Control Technique
In1985, Germany's M. Depen-block proposes the direct torque control technique（DTC） for the first time，The direct torque control technique analyzes the motor mathematical model directly under the stator coordinate system. Uses the stator magnetic field direction detection but not to need the solution lotus root electric current，directly control the electric motor flux linkage and torque, enable the torque to obtain the fast response, in order to obtain the highly effective control performance.
Direct torque control technique is another kind of new、high performance alternating frequency conversion velocity modulation technique after vector control technique in the nearly 10 years, this kind of control technique is insensitive to the electrical machinery parameter, not influence by the rotor parameter, easy and feasible, it has the broad development and the application prospect.
4) PWM (pulse width modulation) Control Technique
In1964, Germany's A. Schonung and some people took the lead to propose the pulse-duration modulation (PWM -pulse width modulation) frequency conversion thought, opened the recent development domain for the modern alternating velocity modulation system. The PWM control technique controls the inversion output alternating fundamental wave voltage peak-to-peak value by changing the rectangle pulse width, controls its output frequency through changing the modulation cycle, in order to carry on the output voltage peak-to-peak value and the frequency control on the inversion at the same time. The PWM technique simplified the inversion structure, can distinctly change the output wave shape of the frequency converter, reduces the overtone loss of electric motor, and reduces the torque pulsation, at the same time enhances the performance of dynamic response system. The PWM technique also may use in the rectifier controlling, can realize the input current which approaches the sine extremely. And may cause the electrical network power factor is 1. The PWM rectifier thus is called “the green converter”. At present, PWM technique has become the most widespread control technique applied in the frequency converter. The unceasingly velocity modulation performance of alternating current motor is as a result of the PWM technique unceasing progress enhancement in the very great degree. At present the widely applies is the optimizes PWM law which developing based on the regular sampling PWM foundation, that is Thrice Harmonic Superpose theory and voltage space vector PWM theory.
5) Numerical Control Technique
The digitalize in control technique is the key technique of static frequency conversion installment, also will be the next development tendency, at present in the market frequency conversion installment nearly comprehensively has realized the numerical control. Has realized the fast operation and the high accuracy control by using the DSP and the ASIC technique, and could gain a fine current wave, reduce the noise of the frequency converter in a large scale, and the scanning time also be reduced in a large scale, at present the electric current response is 0.1~0.7ms, the speed response is 2~4 ms, could satisfy the control request sufficiently in the transmission domain. At the same time, on account of the application of the micro electron and ASIC technique, the installment primary device quantity can be reduced in a large scale, thus, could make the frequency conversion equipment volume to be reduced, the reliability obtains the large scale enhancement. The entire numerical control way can make the information-handling capacity of frequency converter enhance greatly. The complex control has been realized in nowadays which could not be realized by simulation control mode, so that, the RAS which mean Reliability, Availability, Serviceability could be realized.
6) Self-setting Technique
The self-setting technique is widespread used in the frequency conversion velocity modulation system day by day, it may accord to the speed and the load to auto adjust the parameter of the control system, enable the system with rapid dynamic response. The self-setting technique divides into off-line and the on-line. The research results in the kind of off-line has been applied in the most production, before the system program operate, it operate a block self-setting program, recognize the correlation data,