2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)自練題 Unit 3 Life in the future（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 3 Life in the future 一、閱讀理解。 If you have a chance to go to Finland，you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are. Take the taxi drivers for example.Taxis in Finland are mostly highclass Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer.You can go anywhere in one，tell the driver to drop you at any place，say that you have some business to attend to，and then walk off without paying your fare.The driver would not show the least signs of anxiety. The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests，but also serve outside diners.Hotel guests have their meals free，so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals.The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration cards to the waiter.With such a loose check，you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge. The Finnish workers are paid by the hour.They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss at the rate.From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly. With so many loopholes(漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty_advantages”．But the strange thing is that all the taxi passengers would always e back to pay their fares after they have attended to their business and that not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms.And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in.As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do，living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”． 1．The underlined words in Paragraph 5 means to “________”． A．be ready to help others B．make good use of ones friends C．be a little ahead of others D．gain something at others expense 2．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．While taking a taxi in Finland，you can get off without first paying your fare. B．In a big hotel in Finland, you can enjoy free meals if youre living in the hotel. C．The bosses in Finland pay the employees according to the registration of their working hours. D．The workers are always honest with their working hours. 3．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．the Finnish society is of very high moral(道德的)level B．there are many loopholes in everyday life in Finland C．in Finland，most taxi drivers will not charge you anything D．everyone in Finland is like a gentleman，for they have faith in themselves 4．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Life in Finland B．A Society with “Foolish” People C．What a Life D．Honest accounts of the Finns 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，主要通過(guò)一些例子，介紹了芬蘭人的誠(chéng)實(shí)，并且誠(chéng)實(shí)讓他們成為真正的“紳士”。 【難句分析】You can go anywhere in one，tell the driver to drop you at any place，say that you have some business to attend to，and then walk off without paying your fare. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中that you have some business to attend to 為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作say的賓語(yǔ)。 譯文：你可以乘一輛出租車(chē)去任何地方，告訴司機(jī)讓你在任何地方下車(chē)，告訴(司機(jī))你有一些事情要處理，然后不付車(chē)費(fèi)就可以離開(kāi)。 1．D　考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第五段第一句“With so many loopholes(漏洞)in everyday life，surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take ‘petty_advantages’”可知，在日常生活中芬蘭出現(xiàn)了很多的“漏洞”。結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可知，在芬蘭，如果你告訴出租車(chē)司機(jī)你有一些事要處理，你不付車(chē)費(fèi)就可以離開(kāi)；在賓館用舊的登記卡就可以享受免費(fèi)大餐；工人只要告訴老板自己工作的時(shí)長(zhǎng)就可以得到相應(yīng)的工資，這些就是“漏洞”。由此可知，芬蘭確實(shí)是那些愛(ài)貪小便宜的人的天堂，畫(huà)線詞意為“小便宜”，故D項(xiàng)正確。 2．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是第三句“From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly”可知，老板是根據(jù)工人自己所說(shuō)的工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)給工人支付工資的，而不是根據(jù)登記的時(shí)長(zhǎng)，所以C項(xiàng)與文意不符，故選C項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第五段第二句可知，你可以先下車(chē)離開(kāi)，等處理完事情后再付車(chē)費(fèi)，故A項(xiàng)與文意相符；根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知，如果你在芬蘭大賓館入住，你可以憑登記卡享受免費(fèi)大餐，故B項(xiàng)與文意相符；根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in”可知，芬蘭工人總是誠(chéng)實(shí)地匯報(bào)自己實(shí)際的工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)，故D項(xiàng)與文意相符。 3．A　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句，并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，在芬蘭，乘出租車(chē)的乘客可以先下車(chē)離開(kāi)，等處理完事情后再付車(chē)費(fèi)；沒(méi)有在賓館登記入住的人并不會(huì)去賓館享受免費(fèi)大餐；工人可以按照自己報(bào)的工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)向老板索要工資。因?yàn)榉姨m人總是誠(chéng)實(shí)地做每一件事，生活在這樣一個(gè)社會(huì)里，每個(gè)人都變成了一個(gè)真正的“紳士”。據(jù)此可以判斷，芬蘭社會(huì)有著很高的道德水平，故A項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)第五段第一句可知，在日常生活中，芬蘭社會(huì)有很多可以讓貪小便宜的人鉆的“漏洞”，這是文章所敘述的事實(shí)，而不是推論出來(lái)的內(nèi)容，故B項(xiàng)不符合題意；根據(jù)第五段第二句可知，乘客會(huì)在辦完事后支付車(chē)費(fèi)，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章最后一句可知，芬蘭人總是誠(chéng)實(shí)地做一切事情，故他們都像紳士，并不是說(shuō)芬蘭人信任自己，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 4．B　考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，文章先通過(guò)人們認(rèn)為芬蘭人很“愚蠢”引出本文話題，接著舉例介紹了芬蘭人“愚蠢”的情況，最后點(diǎn)明主旨，即芬蘭是一個(gè)道德水平很高的國(guó)家，人們的誠(chéng)實(shí)讓他們都成為紳士。據(jù)此可以判斷，B項(xiàng)最適合做文章標(biāo)題。 二、語(yǔ)法填空。 The Taj Mahal is considered to be one of the most beautiful buildings in the world, __1__shows its different beauty with the sunlight changing its color during the day, so __2__(technical) you can make a visit anytime of the day. However, sunrise is the best time __3__the monument is like a blooming flower when the day breaks. Moreover, visiting in the early morning, you can avoid not only the heat but the crowds. For those people in pursuit of some perfect shots who dont want to wait too long, getting up earlier can be very __4__(reward)． In addition, a sunset visit is also a nice __5__(choose) if you are not a morning person. The temperature bees cooler __6__the burning afternoon and the monument __7__(surround) by soft silver light. Usually there are more visitors at sunset than sunrise; it takes patience __8__(capture) some good pictures. If you happen to be in Agra on the full moon day __9__2 days before/after, a night visit to the Taj Mahal is also available.Unlike what you see in the daytime, __10__outline of the structure against the dark sky and moonlight is full of peace and magic. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。有人說(shuō)，不看泰姬陵就不算到過(guò)印度。本文向讀者介紹了參觀泰姬陵的最佳時(shí)間。 1．which　考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。所填詞引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是The Taj Mahal，并且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填which。 2．technically　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾整個(gè)句子，因此用副詞。technically表示“嚴(yán)格來(lái)說(shuō)”。 3．a(chǎn)s/because　考查連詞。設(shè)空后的句子解釋“sunrise is the best time”的原因，故用as或because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 4．rewarding　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作表語(yǔ)，故用形容詞形式rewarding，意為“值得的”。 5．choice　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？涨坝小癮 nice”，故填名詞choice。 6．a(chǎn)fter　考查介詞。本句中的“cooler”說(shuō)明傍晚的溫度要低一些，而且前一句中的sunset也表明是在熾熱的下午之后。 7．is surrounded　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子的主語(yǔ)monument與surround之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此處描述一般情況和情形，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 8．to capture　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句為It takes ... to do ... 句式，因此用不定式。 9．or　考查連詞。此處表示“如果你碰巧在月圓的那天或者在此之前或之后的兩天在Agra”。故用or表示“或者”。 10．the　考查冠詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處表示特指，故用定冠詞the。 三、完形填空。 Ten years ago， a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed.I was totally 　1　 and felt I was suddenly placed under 　2　 of death with an indefinite reprieve（緩刑）. After careful thought， I 　3　 my affairs； then I went home and got into bed.But two years later， I left my bed and 　4　 the long climb back.It was another year 　5　 I made it. I speak of this experience because these past years have 　6　 me what to value and what to believe.I 　7　 now that this world is not my oyster（牡蠣） to be opened but my 　8　 to be grasped. I’ve also learned that it’s necessary to 　9　 those little， but important things I never thought I would 　10　 before： the music of the wind in my favorite pine tree， the 　11　 of sunlight on running water. I seem now， with some of the 　12　 freshness of childhood， to hear and see. How well， 　13　， I recall the touch of the earth the day I first stepped upon it after the years in bed. It was like 　14　 one’s citizenship in a world one had nearly lost. Frequently， I 　15　 myself that I need make notes of this 　16　 I’m living in now， because in it I’m well，　17　 doing what I like best.It won’t always be like this，　18　 I’ll make the most of it and be grateful.I 　19　 all this to that long time spent in bed. Wiser people e to this 　20　 without having to acquire it the hard way. But I wasn’t wise enough.I’m wiser now， a little， and happier. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。一場(chǎng)重病讓作者明白了什么是人生中最重要的東西。因此他對(duì)自己當(dāng)下所擁有的倍加珍惜，并心存感激。 1.A.confused　　　　　　　 B．shocked C.determined D．a(chǎn)nnoyed B　解析：根據(jù)上文中的 “Ten years ago，a doctor told me something was wrong with my lung and I had to give up work at once and went to bed.”可知，當(dāng)被告知自己的肺部出了問(wèn)題且不得不立即放棄工作臥床休息時(shí)作者感到非常震驚（shocked）。confused “困惑的”； determined“堅(jiān)決的”； annoyed“惱怒的”。 2.A.trial B．pressure C.sentence D．control C　解析：作者突然覺(jué)得自己好像是被判了死緩一樣。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境尤其是下文的 “with an indefinite reprieve（緩刑）”可知，此處應(yīng)選sentence “宣判，判刑”。under sentence of death “被判處死刑”。 3.A.made up B．set up C.took up D．cleared up D　解析：仔細(xì)思考之后，作者把手頭的事務(wù)處理掉，然后回家了。根據(jù)上文中的 “I had to give up work at once and went to bed”可知，clear up“解決，清理”符合語(yǔ)境。make up “組成，編造”；set up “設(shè)立”；take up “開(kāi)始從事，占據(jù)”。 4.A.recalled B．began C.avoided D．a(chǎn)ccepted B　解析：兩年后，作者離開(kāi)了病床，開(kāi)始（began）了漫長(zhǎng)的重回之前的生活狀態(tài)的 “攀登”。recall “回憶起”；avoid “避免”；accept “接受”。 5.A.when B．a(chǎn)fter C.since D．before D　解析：過(guò)了一年，作者就做到了。It was/is＋一段時(shí)間＋before...是固定句型，意為“過(guò)了……才/就……”。 6.A.assigned B．taught C.treated D．a(chǎn)ssured B　解析：作者談及這段經(jīng)歷是因?yàn)槟切┻^(guò)去的歲月教會(huì)（taught）了作者應(yīng)該珍惜什么，相信什么。assign “分配，分派”；treat “招待”；assure “使確信”。 7.A.admit B．demand C.expect D．realize D　解析：現(xiàn)在作者意識(shí)到（realize）這個(gè)世界不是等待他去打開(kāi)的牡蠣，而是需要他去抓住的機(jī)會(huì)。admit “承認(rèn)”；demand “要求”； expect “期待，期望”。 8.A.knowledge B．opportunity C.attention D．point B　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。grasp the opportunity “抓住機(jī)會(huì)”，是固定搭配。knowledge “知識(shí)”；attention “注意力”；point “觀點(diǎn)”。 9.A.dismiss B．list C.define D．a(chǎn)ppreciate D　解析：作者也學(xué)會(huì)了欣賞（appreciate）那些不起眼的但很重要的東西，而作者之前從未想過(guò)自己會(huì)去注意這些東西。dismiss “不予理會(huì)，不予考慮”；list “列舉”；define “給……下定義，解釋”。 10.A.notice B．record C.remember D．track A　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。notice “注意到”；record “記錄”；remember “記得”；track “跟蹤”。 11.A.shadow B．shake C.play D．feeling C　解析：play “輕快變幻的動(dòng)作，閃爍”，the play of sunlight on running water“陽(yáng)光在流動(dòng)水面上的閃爍”。 12.A.damaged B．recovered C.faded D．changed B　解析：作者重新找回了童年時(shí)期看待事物的新鮮感。recovered “重新獲得的，重新找到的”，符合語(yǔ)境。 13.A.in contrast B．in return C.for instance D．by chance C　解析：比如，回想起自己臥床兩年后重新踏上這片土地的感覺(jué)有多好。for instance “比如，例如”，符合語(yǔ)境。in contrast “相反”；in return “作為回報(bào)”；by chance “偶然地”。 14.A.maintaining B．regaining C.discovering D．forgetting B　解析：這就像在一個(gè)差點(diǎn)失去的世界中重新獲得公民身份一樣。regain “重新得到”和下文的 “l(fā)ost”相對(duì)應(yīng)。maintain “維持”；discover “發(fā)現(xiàn)”；forget “忘記”。 15.A.remind B．promise C.advise D．convince A　解析：作者經(jīng)常提醒自己要記下這個(gè)自己現(xiàn)在生活的時(shí)刻，因?yàn)榛钤诖丝?，作者是健康且快?lè)的，而且能做自己最喜歡做的事情。remind “提醒”，符合語(yǔ)境。promise “許諾，允諾”； advise“建議”； convince “使相信”。 16.A.country B．moment C.memory D．inspiration B　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。moment “時(shí)刻”；inspiration“靈感”。 17.A.pleased B．courageous C.confident D．strong A　解析：pleased “快樂(lè)的，高興的”；courageous “勇敢的”；confident “自信的”；strong “堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的”。下文中的“I’m wiser now，a little，and happier.”亦是提示。 18.A.meanwhile B．otherwise C.however D．therefore D　解析：它不會(huì)總是如這般存在，因此作者會(huì)充分利用它并心存感激。上下文之間是因果關(guān)系，故用therefore。meanwhile “與此同時(shí)”；otherwise “否則”；however “然而”。 19.A.apply B．owe C.contribute D．a(chǎn)dapt B　解析：作者將這一切都?xì)w功于他臥病在床的那段漫長(zhǎng)時(shí)光。owe...to...“把……歸功于……”，是固定用法。 20.A.awareness B．a(chǎn)greement C.ment D．promise A　解析：更有智慧的人無(wú)需被困到如此境地也能明白這些道理。awareness “意識(shí)，明白”符合語(yǔ)境。promise “妥協(xié)”。 四、短文改錯(cuò)。 My grandfather is very kind to me. He loved me very much. I am the apple of his eye, and when it es to my study, he is very strict and will never let me to be lazy. Every day he spends more than one hour examine my homework. With his help, I have been doing well my studies. My grandfather is also warmhearted to people whom are his neighbors or plete strangers and is always ready to help them.One day, the girl, one of his neighbor, injured her leg carelessly.My grandfather took the girl to the hospital immediate and paid the fees with her own savings. 答案： My grandfather is very kind to me. He me very much. I am the apple of his eye, when it es to my study, he is very strict and will never let me be lazy. Every day he spends more than one hour my homework. With his help, I have been doing well my studies. My grandfather is also warmhearted to people are his neighbors or plete strangers and is always ready to help them.One day, girl, one of his ， injured her leg carelessly.My grandfather took the girl to the hospital and paid the fees with own savings. 難項(xiàng)分析： 第二處：and→but　考查連詞。前后句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用but。 第六處：whom→who/that　考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。先行詞是people，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用who/that。注意：whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。 第十處：her→his　考查代詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指作者爺爺自己的積蓄，故用his。 五、七選五 Choosing the Right Path to Be a “Better” Person Life is a constant exercise in selfimprovement.In the rush to achieve, the idea of being “better” can bee lost sometimes.You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way. 1. Explore your talents. Everybody has some outstanding skills or interests.So it’s often necessary to be patient and try many things before you find one that suits you. 2． For example, people loving adventure may not be interested in the quiet chess club, but someone who enjoys other quiet activities might be.Determining who you enjoy being around may help you know what you’ll enjoy. 3． No matter how much money you make, you will not be happy if you spend your entire life doing something you hate.It’s important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy. If you’re particularly unhappy at your job, consider why.4. If you feel your job isn’t meaningful, or isn’t in line with your values, consider finding another job. Experience something new. Research has shown that when we’re in our fort zone, we aren’t as productive as we are when we step just beyond it.5. Because of that, we may react slowly to our own positive experiences.It’s important to have new experiences and interactions with others, even when those are a little scary.Doing so can help you achieve more. A．Do what you love. B．Here are some tips for you. C．Register in a class you’re interested in. D．Human adapt very quickly to positive events. E．It’s possible that some changes may change your feeling. F．Similar types of people may be attracted to the same activities. G．Try not to allow yourself to focus so much on a certain aspect of your life. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　人生就是不斷自我提升的過(guò)程，有時(shí)我們急于取得成功，卻迷失了自我。本文就如何提升自己給出了一些建議。 1．B　解析：上文提到你可能想知道如何用更簡(jiǎn)單的方式提升自己，下文則給出了一些建議。由此可知，設(shè)空處承上啟下。B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 2．F　解析：本段最后一句提到，判斷你喜歡跟誰(shuí)在一起有助于你了解自己喜歡什么。由此可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。 3．A　解析：本題考查標(biāo)題句。根據(jù)該標(biāo)題下的“It’s important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.”可知，花時(shí)間做自己喜歡的事很重要。由此可知，A項(xiàng)(做你喜歡的事)符合語(yǔ)境。 4．E　解析：上文提出如果特別不喜歡現(xiàn)在的工作，考慮一下原因，下文則提出考慮換一份工作。由此可知，E項(xiàng)(有時(shí)候作出一些改變也可以改變你的心情)符合語(yǔ)境。 5．D　解析：本段的主題是體驗(yàn)新事物?？崭窈笳f(shuō)，正因?yàn)槿绱?，我們可能?duì)自己的積極的經(jīng)歷反應(yīng)遲鈍。D項(xiàng)(人類(lèi)對(duì)積極的事件適應(yīng)很快)正好解釋了下文的現(xiàn)象。故選D項(xiàng)。