2019高考英語一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 4 Sharing（含解析）新人教版選修7.doc

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Unit 4　Sharing 【短文語法填空】 How do native speakers truly feel when speaking with nonnative English speakers? It seems that 1. (break) English annoys them.However, they keep being really nice when speaking with nonnative speakers.I wonder how they really feel when doing so. I think it would depend 2. the native English speakers.Some people are just 3. (easy) annoyed. Personally, I study Spanish.When I hear someone 4. (attempt) English, I am patient with them because I know 5. difficult it is to talk in a nonnative tongue.I also know English is very difficult 6. (learn), and that increases my respect for their efforts.I’m a patient person by nature. The situation matters too.If I were waiting 7. (table) on a super crowded day and really 8. (need) to do about a dozen different things, I might bee upset at having to wait for someone to struggle while ordering his meal. There also exists the 9. (possible) that what is considered as annoyance is not true annoyance.I might frown(皺眉) while listening to a nonnative speaker, 10. that would be because I am concentrating and listening hard to understand him.It wouldn’t mean I’m at all annoyed. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　當(dāng)一個(gè)母語是英語的人聽到一個(gè)人說著蹩腳的英語時(shí)是什么感受？厭煩還是耐心傾聽？本文就此問題進(jìn)行了討論。 1．broken　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：似乎蹩腳的英語讓他們感到厭煩。修飾名詞用形容詞，故填動(dòng)詞break的形容詞形式broken，意為“蹩腳的；不流利的”。 2．on/upon　解析：考查介詞。句意：我認(rèn)為這要取決于英語為母語的人。depend on/upon是固定搭配，意為“依賴；取決于”。故填on/upon。 3．easily　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：有些人就是容易生氣。設(shè)空處修飾動(dòng)詞，要用副詞，故填easily。 4．a(chǎn)ttempting　解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)我聽到有人努力說英語時(shí)，我很耐心是因?yàn)槲抑烙梅悄刚Z交流是多么不容易。此處為“hear＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，attempt與賓語之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且此處指聽到有人正在努力說英語，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填attempting。 5．how　解析：考查賓語從句。句意見上一題解析。此處為感嘆句用作賓語從句，用于加強(qiáng)語氣。設(shè)空處修飾形容詞difficult，故填how。 6．to learn　解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我也知道英語很難學(xué)，那增加了我對(duì)他們的努力的尊重。在“it is＋adj.＋to do...”句型中，it是形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式(短語)作真正的主語，故填to learn。 7．tables　解析：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：如果我正在人超級(jí)多的一天招待顧客，且真的需要做很多件不同的事情，我可能會(huì)因不得不等待在點(diǎn)餐時(shí)糾結(jié)不已的人而感到心煩意亂。wait tables是固定短語，意為“招待顧客”。故填tables。 8．needed　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意見上一題解析。根據(jù)并列連詞and可知，前后時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該一致，故填過去式needed。 9．possibility　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：也存在這樣的可能性，有些煩惱不是真的煩惱。定冠詞the后接名詞形式，且根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞exists可知，應(yīng)填形容詞possible的名詞形式possibility。 10．but/yet　解析：考查連詞。句意：聽非母語的講話者說話時(shí)，我可能緊皺著眉頭，但那是因?yàn)槲以诰劬珪?huì)神地努力去聽懂他。根據(jù)句意可知，前后文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填but/yet。 (對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P173) 一．高考單詞→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．核心詞匯 ①__relevant__ adj.有關(guān)的；切題的 ②__otherwise__ conj.否則；不然 adv.用別的方法；其他方面 ③__purchase__ vt.& n．買；購買 ④adjust vi.& vt.調(diào)整；(使)適合__adjustable__ adj.可調(diào)整的 __adjustment__ n．調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；適應(yīng) ⑤participate vi.參與；參加 __participation__ n．參加，參與 __participant__ n．參與者 ⑥donate vt.捐贈(zèng) __donation__ n．捐贈(zèng) __donator__ n．捐贈(zèng)者 ⑦voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的 __volunteer__ n．& vi.志愿者；自愿做…… ⑧distribute vt.分配；分發(fā) __distribution__ n．分配；分發(fā)；分布狀態(tài) ⑨operate vi.工作；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) vt.操作 __operation__ n．手術(shù)，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) __operator__ n．操作人員 2．常考詞匯 ①fortnight n．__兩星期__ ②concept n．__概念__ ③privilege n．__特權(quán)；特別優(yōu)待__ ④anniversary n．__周年紀(jì)念__ ⑤security n．__安全；保護(hù)；保障__ 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Last year, Moran worked on a project that __arranged__ (arrange) Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，”says Moran.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 2．I work with __Volunteers__ (volunteer) for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 3．We have yet to invent a firewall that is __secure__ (security) against ordinary humans，let alone super intelligent machines.(2017北京卷) 4．When another person helps us in such ways，now he or she __is participating__ (participate) in what I’ve called a“social prosthetic (義肢的) system.”(2016江蘇卷) 5．Volunteers came with carloads of __donated__ (donate) clothing and toys.Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild.(2016北京卷) 6．For example，the moment you get on the airplane，start __adjusting__ (adjust) your biological clock to the destination’s time.(2015重慶卷) 7．Thus，class may not be culturally and __politically__ (police) obvious，yet it remains an important part of British society.(2015廣東卷) 8．You can write anything __relevant__ (relevance) so long as it’s interesting and informative.(2015全國卷Ⅰ) ?牽手 privilege ①a privilege to do sth./of doing sth.有幸做某事 have the privilege to do/of doing sth. ＝have the right to do sth.有做某事的特權(quán) ②privileged adj.享有特權(quán)的；榮幸的；幸運(yùn)的 be privileged to do sth 做某事是榮幸的 ?operate 多元須知 ①operate properly (運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常) ②operate at once (立刻動(dòng)手術(shù)) ③the medicine operates (藥起作用) ④operate a puter (操作電腦) ⑤operate a shop (經(jīng)營一家商店) ?與“經(jīng)濟(jì)生活”有關(guān)的高頻單詞小結(jié) ①distribute vt.分發(fā)；分配；分布 ②export vt.& vi.出口；輸出 ③import vt.進(jìn)口；輸入 ④invest vt.&.vi.投資 ⑤bid vt.出價(jià)；投標(biāo) ⑥pete vi.競(jìng)爭(zhēng) ?含詞根“viv/vit(生命)”的單詞 ①vivid adj.生動(dòng)的 ②revive vt.復(fù)活 ③revival n．復(fù)活 ④survive v．存活；幸存 ⑤survival n．存活；幸存 ⑥survivor n．幸存者 ?含rrow的詞一覽 ①narrow adj.狹窄的 ②arrow n．箭頭 ③borrow v．借 ④sorrow n．傷心 ⑤sparrow n．麻雀 【完形填空】 I lived in Dallas，Texas nearly all my life with my dad，mom and younger brother.We were raised to __1__ others，value education，and get all that we could out of life.My parents always say，“Work __2__ and the world is yours.”They are __3__ without a helpful word of__4__ or a bit of encouragement when life gets__5__. My parents always __6__ me to go to college.However, when I__7__ at 16 years old that Id rather get married to a man __8__ go to college，they never stopped telling me they loved me and I could do anything I wanted to.Thankfully，they persuaded me.I graduated from high school and currently __9__ the University of Oklahoma studying medicine.I want to make the world a__10__ place to live in. Every time I call home to tell them about a grade received in the chemistry lab or__11__ class it is that Im working hardest on for the moment，they tell me how __12__ of me they are.I know there are college kids out there that have no one to __13__ home to when they get an“A”on a project and I feel incredibly__14__ to have my parents.They never__15__ loving me or believing in me. Parents are the best gift that God gives me.__16__ their constant love and encouragement，I wouldnt believe I can __17__ the world.My parents __18__ me to always fight for what I __19__ in.So Im working toward something really great and can only hope I__20__ to make them proud. 1．A.inspire　　　　　B．respect C．guide D．follow 2．A.hard B．solidly C．a(chǎn)ttentively D．intelligently 3．A.sometimes B．a(chǎn)nytime C．ever D．never 4．A.method B．a(chǎn)dvice C．education D．introduction 5．A.tough B．smooth C．bright D．happy 6．A.reminded B．supposed C．designed D．expected 7．A.decided B．hesitated C．judged D．remembered 8．A.but B．a(chǎn)nd C．than D．while 9．A.joined B．a(chǎn)ttended C．served D．a(chǎn)dmitted 10．A.fortable B．suitable C．peaceful D．better 11．A.whenever B．whichever C．wherever D．however 12．A.ashamed B．nervous C．proud D．modest 13．A.go B．run C．return D．call 14．A.blessed B．a(chǎn)nnoyed C．praised D．relaxed 15．A.stopped B．helped C．blamed D．prevented 16．A.With B．Without C．Under D．Beneath 17．A.change B．destroy C．conquer D．challenge 18．A.forced B．ordered C．a(chǎn)llowed D．taught 19．A.enjoy B．work C．believe D．live 20．A.want B．wish C．have D．continue 【解題導(dǎo)語】爸爸、媽媽、弟弟和“我”住在達(dá)拉斯，父母教育我們要尊重別人，重視教育，他們的愛和鼓勵(lì)對(duì)“我”意義重大。 1．B　根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，父母教育我們要尊重別人，重視教育。respect意為“尊敬，尊重”，符合語境。 2．A　父母總是教育我們：“努力工作，世界就是你們的。”故選A。 3．D　當(dāng)生活變得艱難時(shí)，父母總會(huì)給我們有益的建議或一些鼓勵(lì)。never without為雙重否定，表示肯定的意思。 4．B　參見上題解析。a helpful word of advice表示“有用的建議”。 5．A　參見3題解析。tough“艱難的，艱苦的”。 6．D　根據(jù)該段中的“Thankfully, they persuaded me”可知，父母一直期望“我”上大學(xué)并最終說服了“我”。expect“期望，期待”。 7．A　根據(jù)下文父母對(duì)“我”的勸說可知，16歲時(shí)“我”決定(decided)結(jié)婚而不是上大學(xué)。 8．C　16歲時(shí)“我”決定結(jié)婚而不是上大學(xué)。would rather...than...為固定用法，表示“寧愿……而不愿……”。 9．B　根據(jù)文中的“they persuaded me.I graduated from high school and...medicine”可知，“我”高中畢業(yè)后上了一所大學(xué)。attend意為“經(jīng)常去，定期去(學(xué)校、教堂等)”。 10．D　根據(jù)文中的“the University of Oklahoma studying medicine”可知，“我”主修醫(yī)學(xué)，想讓這個(gè)世界成為更好的(better)可供人們生活的地方。 11．B　每次當(dāng)“我”打電話告訴他們“我”在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的成績或是“我”當(dāng)時(shí)正努力學(xué)習(xí)的任何一門課程時(shí)，他們會(huì)告訴“我”他們以“我”為傲。whichever class意為“無論哪一門課”。 12．C　父母以“我”取得的成績而自豪。be proud of為固定用法，意為“以……自豪”。 13．D　“我”知道有的大學(xué)生在得到一個(gè)“A”時(shí)，因沒家人所以無法打電話回家。故選D。 14．A　和那些得了“A”卻沒有家人可告知的同學(xué)相比，“我”有這樣的父母是非常有福的。blessed意義“有福的”。 15．A　父母從不停止對(duì)“我”的愛，從不停止對(duì)“我”的信賴。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”。 16．B　沒有(Without)父母持續(xù)不斷的愛和鼓勵(lì)，“我”不可能相信“我”能改變世界。 17．A　參見上題解析。故選A。 18．D　父母一直教育(taught)“我”去為“我”認(rèn)為對(duì)的事而奮斗。 19．C　參見上題解析。believe in sth.“認(rèn)為某事好(或?qū)Α⒖山邮?”，符合語境。 20．D　“我”會(huì)繼續(xù)努力，希望父母繼續(xù)為“我”感到自豪。continue to do sth.表示“繼續(xù)做某事”，為固定用法。 二．重點(diǎn)短語→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．動(dòng)詞＋介詞(副詞) ①hear __from__ 接到……的信 ②e __across__ 偶然遇到 ③participate __in__ 參與……；參加…… ④dry __out__ (使浸水等之物)完全變干；干透 ⑤dry __up__ (指河流、井等)干涸 ⑥get __through__ 完成；穿過 ⑦adjust __to__ 調(diào)整；適應(yīng) 2．be＋形容詞＋to ①(be) dying __to__ 極想；渴望 ②be relevant __to__...和……有關(guān) 3．其他形式 ①__the__ other day 不久前的一天 ②__in__ need 在困難中；在危急中 用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．If it had not been for his invitation __the other day__，I should not be here now.(2016江蘇卷) 2．From the earliest ages，they desire to help others，to share information and to __participate in__ achieving mon goals.(2016江蘇卷) 3．In summer，water the plants regularly and never let the soil __dry out__. 4．During the drought，the river __dried up__；as a result，many fish died. 5．She encouraged a sense of munity (社區(qū)) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people __in need__. 6．It’s clear that the young American __is dying to__ learn Chinese from you. 7．My work colleagues __adjusted to__ my taking off at a moment’s notice for medical emergencies. 8．I don’t think what he said __is relevant to__ the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point. ?get 短語個(gè)個(gè)清 ①get on/along with 進(jìn)展；融洽相處 ②get across 講清楚；(使)被領(lǐng)會(huì) ③get around 四處走動(dòng)(旅行)；(消息等)傳播 ④get down to 開始認(rèn)真(做某事)(to為介詞) ⑤get through 通過；完成；接通(電話) ⑥get involved with 參加，參與 ?“參加”詞匯個(gè)個(gè)清 ①attend v．出席(會(huì)議等)；參加(儀式)等 ②join v．加入(組織、團(tuán)體等) ③join in 加入(某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)) ④take part in 加入(活動(dòng)、運(yùn)動(dòng)等) ⑤enter v．參加 ⑥participate in 參與(活動(dòng)) ⑦sit for 參加(考試等) ⑧attach oneself to 參與 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.To be honest，I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’lives at all. 說實(shí)在的，我真的不知道我教的課是否會(huì)讓這些孩子的生活有所改變。 doubt whether...“懷疑是否……”。doubt用于肯定句時(shí)，后面常用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句或同位語從句。 誠實(shí)地說，我懷疑他們兩天內(nèi)能否完成這項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)。 To be honest，I doubt __whether they will finish the hard task__ in two days. 2.We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below. 我們步行了兩個(gè)半小時(shí)才到達(dá)那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色，然后走下一個(gè)陡坡，一直走到下邊的山谷。 from where we had fantastic views是“介詞＋where”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 那個(gè)男孩爬到了那棟建筑物的三樓，從那個(gè)地方他可以看得更遠(yuǎn)。 The boy climbed into the third storey of the building，__from where he could look farther into the distance__. 3.The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it. 你送的禮物不是給你所愛的人留念的，而是給那些確實(shí)有生活需要的人的一項(xiàng)志愿性捐助。 not...but...“不是……而是……”，連接兩個(gè)并列成分。 能給我們工作帶來最大益處的不是我們做了多少，而是我們對(duì)于自己所做的事情付出了多少愛。 It is __not how much we do but__ how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most. 【七選五】 The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 　1　 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work. The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 　2　 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring persons survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 　 3 　 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 　 4 　 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. 　 5 　 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure bees active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear bees active. As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A. It all depends on your character. B. Those are the risks you should jump to take. C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，作者講的是有關(guān)冒險(xiǎn)的科學(xué)的探索方面的內(nèi)容。 1.F 【解析】選項(xiàng)F中的＂weigh risks and rewards＂與上文的＂weigh the risk and the reward＂相呼應(yīng)，故F項(xiàng)符合語境。 2.C 【解析】選項(xiàng)C中的＂Being better at those things＂與上文的＂were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring＂相呼應(yīng)，因此選C。 3.A 【解析】前文說人們有各種不同的性格，因此你可能喜歡賽車，或者討厭賽車，故A項(xiàng)＂這完全是由你的性格決定的＂符合語境。 4.E 【解析】根據(jù)上文的＂your willingness...teenage years＂及下文的＂hunger for new experiences...＂可知E項(xiàng)符合語境。 5.G 【解析】根據(jù)空后的＂For the risk-seekers...bees active＂可知，此處講的是面對(duì)緊張的局面時(shí)我們的大腦會(huì)有不同的反應(yīng)，故G項(xiàng)符合語境。