浙江省2020年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 專題十七 概要寫作教師用書（含解析）.docx

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專題十七　概要寫作 挖命題 【考情探究】 考點 考查內(nèi)容 考查方式 考情分析 2018.11 2018.6 2017.11 2017.6 2016.10 概要寫作 1.對原文主旨及要點的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況;2.概括要點時語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯應(yīng)用的準(zhǔn)確性;3.概要文章上下文的連貫性;4.對各要點表達的獨立性情況 提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文,要求考生基于該短文寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要 在申請大學(xué)之前,最好親自去目標(biāo)學(xué)校看一下。如果時間和金錢不允許,就在網(wǎng)上獲取信息 分析解讀　　概要寫作是綜合性的寫作考查。要求考生首先對原文有準(zhǔn)確的理解、對原文的結(jié)構(gòu)和要點有準(zhǔn)確的把握,然后再用高級的語法結(jié)構(gòu)及合適的連接詞寫出包含所有要點的短文。所以,考生要想做好本題,就必須注意以下幾點:(1)準(zhǔn)確理解文章。(2)把握文章的各個要點。(3)使用準(zhǔn)確的語法結(jié)構(gòu)、豐富的詞匯和合適的連接詞。(4)使用自己的語言表述,不要照抄原文中的句子。 【真題典例】 　　閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校園)like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one. There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out! If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit. Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors(顧問), and it won’t cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend. 概要寫作的文章一般都是說明文或議論文。文章結(jié)構(gòu)比較清楚,段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系也很緊密。 文章第一段開門見山,提出觀點:在你申請大學(xué)之前,要去親自看看目標(biāo)大學(xué)。 第二段特別指出一定要去看看附近的大學(xué)。 第三段的內(nèi)容是,如果你在申請之前沒有去過;在申請之后,或得到offer之前,一定要去看看,免得將來后悔。 第四段的主要內(nèi)容是如果無法親自去參觀的話,可以登錄網(wǎng)站了解相關(guān)的信息。并提供了網(wǎng)站的信息。 參考范文 范文鑒賞 　　It is a wise choice for you to pay a personal visit to the college you are applying to,especially the ones that are close to you.(要點1)In order to avoid being regretful, you should at least visit the college you decided to attend.(要點2)If all the above is not affordable, it will be helpful to search the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive where you can get the necessary information(要點3). 1.范文準(zhǔn)確地把握了各個段落的要點。 2.各個要點之間的連接和邏輯都很順暢,相互關(guān)系密切。 3.句子之間用了比較好的連接方式。如第一句的especially;第二句的In order to,第三句的If。 4.文章使用了比較高級的詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)。如,It is a wise choice;you are applying to;that are close to you;avoid being regretful;not affordable;where you can get the necessary information。 【三年模擬】 模擬題組 Writing 1(2019浙江五校) 閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 These days our society develops rapidly and forces people to rush. It appears that people have got used to being in a hurry. However, it’s better for people to take their time and live their life at a slower pace than to hurry to get things done. The main reason that convinces us to oppose doing work in a hurry is the possibility of doing wrong in a rush. When people do their jobs or take action in a hurry, they can’t make a sound decision and probably regret later. As the saying goes, “Haste makes waste.” We should think carefully before making a decision and do our work less quickly. We should not make mistakes by doing work hurriedly. Slowing down the pace of life helps people enjoy their life better. For example, taking a train to some place certainly will take more time than taking a plane. However, taking a train makes people have enough time to get to know a lot of new friends. Besides, it allows people to fully enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way. On the contrary, being in a hurry will make us lose chances of enjoying our lives. Finally, slower life pace provides better health conditions for us. As is known to all, taking action in a hurry bothers people and raises their stress. People think if they are not in a hurry, they will become a loser and that annoys them. But being in a hurry can hurt people both physically and mentally. According to some studies, people who have a slower pace suffer fewer diseases, tend to be happier and live much longer than those whose life is tense, even if the former finish jobs more slowly than the latter. In short, working quickly will bring about more material benefits to make our society more advanced. Yet, much stress can’t bring enjoyment, friends and health, which are much more important than money and other material advantages. Therefore, take your time and live your life at a slower pace. 答案 【寫作提示】 本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了降低生活節(jié)奏的各種好處。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,觀點明確。同時在第一段提出了主旨,第二至第四段進行了論述,最后一段給予了總結(jié)。 【參考范文】 Despite being accustomed to the fast pace in modern society, people are recommended to lead a slower life.(要點1)Slowing down lowers the possibility of committing errors made by hurry decisions.(要點2)It can also provide us with more opportunities to enjoy life.(要點3)Besides, a slower life is supposed to bring better health condition physically and mentally.(要點4)Therefore, a slow life is strongly suggested.(要點5) Writing 2(2019浙江寧波返?？? 閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 Have you heard an old saying “The grass looks greener on the other side of the fence”?It means other places often look better, more interesting than the place where you live. “Let’s go to KFC for dinner and then watch some Japanese cartoons!” We all know it:more and more Chinese kids love American and Japanese food and movies. Some people worry that young Chinese are beginning to feel that way. They see young Chinese ignoring(忽視)Chinese culture and, instead, buying Japanese cartoon books, watching Korean soap operas and even celebrating western holidays. Foreign books and soap operas are good, but Chinese writers and actors are just as good. As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can never have the meaning for Chinese that Spring Festival has, and the West has nothing to compare with the Mid-Autumn Festival. China has lots of cool things in its culture:calligraphy, Beijing Opera, quick meals on the streets, and even Jay Chou! And let’s not forget the part of Chinese culture I like best:its friendliness. Not all countries are as warm as China. It’s good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them, but they can never replace your own culture. It’s good to look on the other side of the fence, but make sure you take a good long look. You will find that the grass isn’t always greener. Although some people become worried about that, I don’t think they should. Will we get more powerful without learning from other countries?Will Chinese people live more happily without American fast food?Besides, it’s fun to learn about different cultures. Chinese kids can learn about other cultures and have fun, but they also need to learn more about their own culture. Be proud of Chinese culture and of being Chinese! 答案 【寫作提示】 本文是議論文。文章論述了“本地的花不香”這種盲目崇洋媚外的現(xiàn)象。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,概括時根據(jù)自然段的中心思想組織要點。 【參考范文】 Many young Chinese prefer foreign items, considering them to be better.(要點1)Nevertheless, Chinese culture is equally good, colorful and even more meaningful, such as its festivals, calligraphy and friendliness.(要點2)Foreign cultures, which are not always good, can never replace your own culture.(要點3)In a word, Chinese kids need to learn more and take pride in Chinese culture while enjoying other cultures.(要點4) Writing 3(2019浙江杭州模擬) 閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 “I think I’m nothing more than a dead fish.”“I don’t want to do anything.”“I’m so beat and so sad.”...The young generation in our country used to enjoy their “happy culture” but now they have become “beat and sad” slowly and secretly. Some people even called it “the beat culture”. The “beat” youths don’t want to do anything. They have no purpose, no desire and they are totally depressed and they only want to live an aimless life. The “Ge You slouch(葛優(yōu)癱)”and the song“I feel like having been drained” are the examples. Many media concern themselves about this phenomenon and try to persuade the youths into embracing positive and healthy feelings and encourage them to work hard to get rid of decadence. This is really a kind gesture. However, we don’t have to worry too much about this “beat culture.” In fact, it’s not a negative thing. “Beat” never means despair, but a way of self-mockery(自嘲)and pressure relief. In general, the youths in China are not “beat”. According to a recent international research, the youths in China hold positive attitude towards the future. 29% of the Chinese interviewees believe they will live and work in peace in China because “as long as you work hard, you can have your own day”. Around 93% of the Chinese interviewees believe the future is promising because of medicine industry, renewable energy sources and computer. Compared with Chinese youngsters, youths in developed countries are more pessimistic. Of course there are some social reasons for the appearing of “the Beat Culture”. As urbanization develops rapidly, youths living in big cities are facing new challenges that their forefathers have never encountered before. Loneliness and feelings of insignificance and powerlessness are easy to get a hold of the young people. Without proper care, they could threaten the youths’ mentality and cause many social problems. These problems probably need our attention more. 答案 【寫作提示】 本文是議論文。對中國現(xiàn)在年輕人中所謂的“頹廢的文化”進行了客觀的論述和評價。 【參考范文】 There is a slow tendency that “the beat culture” is popular with the youths in China.(要點1)Actually, “the beat culture” is an approach to relaxing the youths themselves, so it doesn’t need worrying.(要點2)The fact is that majority of the youths in China are positive, compared with those in developed countries.(要點3)However,its social causes still need to be concerned because it can also contribute to more social problems.(要點4) Writing 4(2019浙江七彩陽光聯(lián)盟10月) 閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 If you’re anything like us, it seems that your stomach starts to grumble(隆隆響)as soon as McDonald’s golden arches come into view. The reason behind that isn’t the mouthwatering taste of their delicious fries—this is how they get them to taste so good by the way—it’s actually psychological, and it has to do with the colors of their logo. The colors red and yellow were chosen for a specific reason, and it wasn’t because they looked nice with Ronald McDonald’s clown-like face. It actually has to do with science. The color red is stimulating and is associated with being active. It also increases heart rate, which helps to jumpstart your appetite. The color yellow is associated with happiness and is the most visible color in daylight, so that’s why a McDonald’s sign is so easy to spot on a crowded road. The brain processes color before it processes words or shapes, so that’s why the fast-food chain chose these two colors for their logo and brand. Red and yellow makes you hungry, encouraging you to want to buy the product they sell, while also making you feel happy. McDonald’s has started to use this color philosophy to influence and change the way people currently think about their brand as well. Many franchises(授權(quán)經(jīng)銷商)in Europe have started to incorporate more of the color green into their storefronts and interior design because it’s associated with nature and being environmentally friendly, something McDonald’s has been criticized for not being in the past. The company has been working to become greener by using environmentally friendly refrigeration and converting used oil into biodiesel(生物柴油)fuel. 答案 【寫作提示】 本文是說明文。文章介紹了色彩和人的食欲之間的關(guān)系。文章共四段,每段主題都明了,寫概要時根據(jù)自然段概括要點即可。 【參考范文】 The reason why people can’t resist the temptation of McDonald’s is psychologically connected with colors of the logo.(要點1)Yellow and red were chosen to help increase people’s appetite and make the store sign easy to spot.(要點2)Another reason is that the human brain processes color before words or shapes.(要點3)Nowadays McDonald’s takes advantage of the color philosophy to become more environmentally friendly by incorporating more green color into their store design.(要點4) Writing 5(2019浙江紹興11月聯(lián)考) 閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 As is known, if we are united no one can defeat us. But if we constantly have conflicts or misunderstandings, we may attract outsiders to take advantage of ourselves, which may ultimately result in our failure. Unity is the source of strength and people who are united have the capability to tackle any kind of situation as they share each other’s burdens and hardships. In olden days, man lived alone. He travelled and hunted all by himself, which sometimes gave opportunities to fierce animal to attack and kill him. Then he realized that if he joined hands with other hunters, he would be able to face several common dangers and challenges. This is how, villages got formed, which later got developed into the towns and cities. In the sports ground, be it cricket, football, baseball, basketball or any kind of sport, a united team and an appropriate strategy may contribute to the success of the team;but if there is a conflict or unhealthy competition or unnecessary misunderstanding among the team members, they may invite the opponents to take advantage of their shortcomings and win the game. Likewise, if the members of a family stay together and support each other in every phase of life, no outsiders can harm the family. There was once an old man who lived in a village with his three sons. The sons always fought with each other and would not pay any attention to their father. The man fell sick and assumed that he would die soon;he was very worried about the fact that once he died, people would take advantage of his sons’ conflicts. He called all his sons and asked them to break a bundle of sticks, one by one. None of them could do it. He then untied the bundle and gave each stick to each one of them asking them to break, which they could very conveniently accomplish. He then told his sons that they should stay like the bundle of sticks so that no one can break them;but if they keep on fighting, they will be broken by the outsiders easily. 答案 【寫作提示】 本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了合作就能成功的觀點。 【參考范文】 It is well known that united we stand and divided we fall.(要點1)In ancient times, hunters made joint efforts to cope with dangers and challenges, thus forming villages and later developing into towns and cities.(要點2)Surely, unity has a great significance in people’s lives whether in the sports ground or in a family.(要點3)The dying man’s story of sticks also shows the importance of unity.(要點4) Writing 6(2018浙江寧波十校一模) 閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 A typical lion tamer(馴獸師)in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭子)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention, but it’s mostly for show.In reality, it’s the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve(e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress? This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is the best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving. It doesn’t have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this:All you need to do is to focus on one thing.You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become...take immediate action.If you’re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way. 答案 【寫作提示】 1.本文是一篇議論文,如果有太多的目標(biāo),我們就會迷茫,反而不知所措。因此,正確的做法是集中注意力于我們真正的目標(biāo)。 2.文章四段,每段一個要點。這是概要寫作的一般原則。 3.文章第一段比較難懂。一定要認真閱讀。 【參考范文】 What really matters in a lion taming is the chair, which confuses the lion by the four legs.(要點1) So do people in the face of too many options.(要點2) We are always prevented from making progress because we can’t make sound choices before the conflicting information.(要點3) So if you want to be successful, focus on one thing and get started quickly.(要點4) Writing 7(2018浙江紹興考前適應(yīng)性聯(lián)考) 閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 China’s bike-sharing has exploded from nothing about a year ago into a transport phenomenon in major cities. Just by scanning the QR code(二維碼)that appears behind the seat, one can unlock a shared bicycle. Once the service has finished, the user blocks the bike and the total is charged to his mobile account. The process lasts less than 30 seconds and costs no more than one penny. By the way, there are still no fixed places to find or leave a bike, although areas such as university campus, and metro or bus station are preferred. Many young people believe shared bicycles have many advantages. They are not expensive to rent, they do not have to be protected from thieves, and there is no need to repair them. You just have to change them for another one. They are also environment-friendly and lower the use of cars, which also helps to relieve traffic. In fact, it is considered an awesome combination of technology and tradition. There is no doubt about the benefits but the disadvantages cannot be ignored. Many problems related to shared bicycles have emerged. It is not only due to bad behavior from some users who always want to seize the bicycles, but also because of the mess that has been created since one can leave the bicycle anywhere, which is against public urban order management. There are so many poorly parked bikes that sometimes they end up blocking streets. In Xi Luoyuan, Beijing, the“Civilized Use of Bicycles”campaign has been launched. In addition to having 40 officially permitted stops, there are also clear signals to lead users to these stops. A team of supervisors keep order in the area. This is the first area that is part of an official system to manage bicycles. The purpose of this campaign is to solve the mess that the popularity of shared bicycles is causing in Beijing, both with the participation of companies and the users. If the pilot plan works out well in Xi Luoyuan, it will be extended to all of the cities in China. 答案 【寫作提示】 本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了共享自行車的優(yōu)劣,并提供了北京解決共享自行車的措施,希望能提供一些有益的經(jīng)驗。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,以自然段為基礎(chǔ)概括要點。 【參考范文】 China’s shared bicycles are gaining popularity with the public as a cheap and convenient transport option.(要點1) The advantages of it also include providing people with an environment friendly life by relieving traffic and reducing pollution.(要點2) However, the bad behavior of some users and the mess they cause also lead to some problems.(要點3) Beijing has launched a campaign to regulate bike-parking, which will h