加工中心刀柄結(jié)構(gòu)說明.ppt

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ToolHolders/刀夾系統(tǒng),Inthesystemofspindle+toolholder+cuttingtool,thetoolholderisthelinkthathasthemosteffectonoverallconcentricityandbalance.Don’tthinkofitascommodityhardware.Asspindlespeedincreases,thechoiceoftoolholderhasmoreimpactonprocesseffectiveness在主軸+刀柄+刀具這樣的一個系統(tǒng)中，刀柄是影響同心度和動平衡一個關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，千萬不能將它當成一般的部件來看待。隨著主軸轉(zhuǎn)速的增加，刀柄的選擇對于加工的影響將顯得越來越重要。,TwoFaceContact&HSKholders/兩面接觸HSK刀柄,Centrifugalforcefromfastspindlespeedscancausethetoolholdertoretractwhenthespindleandholdertouchonlyalongthetaper.Two-facecontactatthespindleinterfacecansolvethisproblem.HSKisawidelyusedtoolholderdesignthatfeaturestwo-facecontact對于僅僅是錐度連接的刀夾系統(tǒng)來說，當主軸在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)的情況下，因為主軸本身錐孔的膨脹，而主軸和刀柄的連接又僅僅是通過錐度面連接，此時刀柄受到拉力的影響會有一個回縮。兩面接觸的連接方式有助于解決該問題。HSK即是被廣泛使用的一種兩面接觸的刀夾系統(tǒng)。,TwoFaceContactHolders/兩面接觸刀柄,Commontoolholdersleaveagapbetweentheflangeandspindlenose.Sometoolholdersystemsclosethisgaptoachievetwo-facecontactwithaconventionaltaperTwosuchsystemsareshown.Bothdesignscombinespecialtoolholderswithaspecialormodifiedspindleinterface.Bothdesignsleaveintactthefreedomtouseregulartoolholderswhentwo-facecontactisn’tneededThedesignatupperrightmatestoolholdersthathaveextramaterialontheflangewithaspindleinterfacethathasextramaterialatthespindlenoseThedesignatlowerrightusesatoolholderwithaspring-liketaperthatstaysincontactevenifthespindleinterfaceopensup.Shimsattachedtothespindlenoseclosethegaptotheflange普通的刀柄連接在主軸法蘭面留有一個間隙。有一些的刀柄采取封閉這段間隙的方法來達到兩面接觸的目的；該種設(shè)計如圖所示。這兩種連接都需要有特殊的主軸端面設(shè)計，在需不需要兩面接觸會有一定的選擇自由；如右上圖所示。在刀柄與主軸緊密配合時會因為變形在主軸法蘭連接面之間產(chǎn)生材料的擠壓；如右下圖所示。使用帶彈性錐面接觸的刀柄。其中的墊片可以封閉主軸法蘭的間隙。,Concentricity&Balance/同心度和動平衡,Concentricity(Runout)determinesthatthecuttingedgestakenearlythesamebiteallthewayaroundthetool.Balancedeterminesthatweightisevenlydistributed,socentrifugalforcedoesnotcreateenoughvibrationtoimpairtheprocess.BothareimportantforHSM同心度可以決定刀具在旋轉(zhuǎn)一周的情況下各切刃部分的切削量是否均勻；動平衡取決于旋轉(zhuǎn)體上質(zhì)量的分布是否均勻?qū)ΨQ。各個方向離心力均衡，不至于產(chǎn)生震動減弱刀具加工能力；以上兩者對于高速加工都是很重要的因素。,Concentricity/同心度,Concentricitymeasureshowcloselythetoolholderalignsthetooltothecenterlineofthespindle.Aconcentricgriphelpsensurethatallcuttingedgesseethesamedepthofcut.同心度測量如右圖，通過調(diào)整刀夾的中心軸線與主軸的中心軸線重合來調(diào)整痛心度。好的同心度控制可以確保所有切削刃在各個方向上有均勻的加工量,Balance/動平衡,Balancemeasuresthedistributionofweightofthetoolandtoolholdertogether.Aperfectlybalancedtool/toolholdercombinationwouldnotgenerateanycentrifugalforceasitspins.Butinreality,somepartofthiscombinedweightwillbeunbalanced.TheunbalancewillproduceavibrationatafrequencyequaltothespindleRPM.Iftheunbalanceamountissmall,thisvibrationwillalsobesmall.動平衡的測量需要將刀具和刀柄整體進行。在主軸旋轉(zhuǎn)時好的動平衡刀柄和刀具結(jié)合不會產(chǎn)生任何的離心力。但是實際上完全的動平衡是不存在的。在主軸旋轉(zhuǎn)時動不平衡將產(chǎn)生周期性的震動。如果動不平衡量很小，那么這種震動也會很微弱。,Balance&Concentricity/動平衡和同心度,Weightdoesnothavetobesymmetricaltoreducecentrifugalforce,justbalanced.Anunbalancedweightcanbebalancedbyanycounterweighthavingthesameproductofmassradius.Forexample,theweightsshownherebalanceoneanother.Themassesaredifferent,butwheretheyarepositionedmakesupforthisdifference.旋轉(zhuǎn)體上質(zhì)量并不一定要均勻分布才能減小離心力，只要平衡就可以了。一個不平衡的重量可以被任何的方向相反大小相等的平衡力(質(zhì)量半徑)抵消。比如左圖的一個示例。,Itispossibletoimagineatool/toolholdersystemthatisbalancedwithoutbeingconcentric.Inthisdrawing,thecuttingtoolisoffcenter,butthecounterweightcompensatesfortheresultingunbalance.Thistoolandtoolholdermaynotcutevenly,buttogethertheywillspinwithoutvibrationfromcentrifugalforce.可以想象同心度不好的刀具刀夾系統(tǒng)也可以有好的動平衡。在圖中，刀具中心偏移，但是圖中的紅色部位可以補償因此帶來的動不平衡量。雖然像這種刀具切削不能進行均勻的切削，但是不會因為動平衡離心力的影響產(chǎn)生震動。,Balance&Concentricity/動平衡和同心度,Itisalsopossibleforatool/toolholdersystemtobeconcentricbutnotbalanced.Atoolholderwithasetscrewisanexampleofthis.Evenifthetoolholderholdsthetoolperfectlyconcentric,theweightofthescrewitselfwouldnotbebalanced.Thistoolholderwillcausevibrationwhenspun.同樣對于同心度好的刀具也可能動平衡不好。如圖所示的帶緊固螺釘?shù)牡侗?。雖然它有很好的同心度，但是它在圓周上的質(zhì)量分部不均勻，因此在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)時會產(chǎn)生震動。,Balance&Concentricity/動平衡和同心度,HoldersforGoodConcentricity/優(yōu)良同心度,ThoughahighqualityColletChuckcanachievetightconcentricity,therearealternativestotheColletChucksthatcanmakethisconcentricityeasiertoachieve.高質(zhì)量的彈簧夾的適用可以獲得好的同心度，但是的刀夾系統(tǒng)也可以獲得同樣的效果，比如燒結(jié)式的刀柄。,ShrinkFitHolders/熱縮型刀柄,1-Thetoolholderisheatedpreciselyattheclampingareausingstate-of-the-artinductiontechnology.Theclampingdiameterexpands.2-Thecoldtoolshankisinsertedintotheheatedtoolholder.3-Theheatshrinktoolholderiscooled.Theclampingdiameterreturnstoitsoriginaldimensionandclampsthetoolshank.4-Toolchangesarecarriedoutinsecondsthankstoinductiveheating.Theheatshrinktoolholderandthetoolshankformahomogenousunit!1、應(yīng)用感應(yīng)加熱技術(shù)加熱刀柄上刀具裝夾部位，使它的直徑會膨脹；2、再將冷的刀桿放入熱的刀柄；3、冷卻刀柄裝夾部位，使其直徑回復(fù)至初始尺寸并夾緊刀具；4、在取出時，由于刀具和刀柄一起進行感應(yīng)加熱，因此不能使用與刀柄有一樣的熱膨脹系數(shù)的刀具進行裝夾。,Principleofshrinkfit/熱縮型刀柄裝夾原理,⑤加熱取出,④冷卻夾緊,①環(huán)境溫度,②加熱,③裝夾,,,,,HydraulicChucks/液壓夾頭,A-TheclampingscrewisscrewedinuptothestopusinganAllenkey.B-TheclampingpistonpressesthehydraulicmediumintotheC-expansionchamberandcausesariseinpressureD-Thethin-walledexpansionbushisuniformlyarchedagainstthetoolshank.ThetoolshankiscenteredandthenclampedpowerfullyanduniformlyacrosstheentiresurfaceduringthisclampingprocessE-Specialsealingelement.Ensuresperfectsealingandahighservicelife.Theresult:Absolutelyprecise,powerfulandcentricclampingwithexcellentrunoutcharacteristicsandarun-outaccuracyof<0.003mmA-鎖緊螺釘，使用內(nèi)六角扳手將鎖緊螺釘擰緊；B-鎖緊活塞，將液壓媒質(zhì)壓入膨脹室；C-膨脹室，受液體擠壓產(chǎn)生壓力；D-薄膨脹襯套，在鎖緊過程中使刀具裝夾桿中心定位并均勻包絡(luò)。E-特殊密封件，確保理想的密封和長的使用壽命；特點：非常高的精度、鎖緊力大、中心固定，具有很好的跳動值<0.003mm,MechanicalDeformation/變形夾持刀柄,Thetoolholdershownherefeaturesaborethatisnotround,butinsteadhasathree-lobedshapesuggestingatriangle.Aclampingdevicemechanicallydistortsthisboretomakeitround,allowingthetooltobeinserted.Thetoolholdersnapsbacktothethree-lobedshapewhentheforceisreleased,clampingthetoolwithoutheatingorcooling.這里的刀柄內(nèi)徑不是圓形的，而是類似三角形的葉形孔。利用一套機械夾緊變形裝置使其變?yōu)閳A形，適合刀具放入。當鎖緊裝置壓力解除后，刀柄變形恢復(fù)，則可鎖緊刀具,BalanceableToolHolders,Abalanceabletoolholderisusedinconjunctionwithabalancingmachine.Themachinemeasurestheunbalanceinthetool/toolholdersystem.Thebalanceabletoolholderfeaturescounterweightsthatcanbeadjustedtocompensatefortheunbalancemeasured動平衡刀柄放在平衡試驗機上測量刀具或刀夾系統(tǒng)的動不平衡量。從而為補償動不平衡提供依據(jù)。,ComparisonofToolHolders/刀柄全面評估比對,RunoutofToolHolders/刀夾跳動,RigidityofToolHolders/刀柄剛性,BalanceofToolHolders/刀柄動平衡,VibrationofToolHolders/刀柄震動,EaseofUseofToolHolders/使用方便性,CostofToolHolders/成本,OtherTypesofToolHolders/其他型式刀柄,,面銑刀,莫氏錐度刀柄,鉆夾頭,銑刀夾頭,側(cè)固式,兩刀片粗加工和一刀片精加工鏜刀,OthertypesofToolHolders/其他形式的刀柄,角度頭刀柄,增速刀柄,中心供液刀柄,OverviewofTooling,THANKS,,常用工具,