加工中心刀柄結構說明.ppt

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ToolHolders/刀夾系統,Inthesystemofspindle+toolholder+cuttingtool,thetoolholderisthelinkthathasthemosteffectonoverallconcentricityandbalance.Don’tthinkofitascommodityhardware.Asspindlespeedincreases,thechoiceoftoolholderhasmoreimpactonprocesseffectiveness在主軸+刀柄+刀具這樣的一個系統中，刀柄是影響同心度和動平衡一個關鍵環(huán)節(jié)，千萬不能將它當成一般的部件來看待。隨著主軸轉速的增加，刀柄的選擇對于加工的影響將顯得越來越重要。,TwoFaceContact&HSKholders/兩面接觸HSK刀柄,Centrifugalforcefromfastspindlespeedscancausethetoolholdertoretractwhenthespindleandholdertouchonlyalongthetaper.Two-facecontactatthespindleinterfacecansolvethisproblem.HSKisawidelyusedtoolholderdesignthatfeaturestwo-facecontact對于僅僅是錐度連接的刀夾系統來說，當主軸在高速旋轉的情況下，因為主軸本身錐孔的膨脹，而主軸和刀柄的連接又僅僅是通過錐度面連接，此時刀柄受到拉力的影響會有一個回縮。兩面接觸的連接方式有助于解決該問題。HSK即是被廣泛使用的一種兩面接觸的刀夾系統。,TwoFaceContactHolders/兩面接觸刀柄,Commontoolholdersleaveagapbetweentheflangeandspindlenose.Sometoolholdersystemsclosethisgaptoachievetwo-facecontactwithaconventionaltaperTwosuchsystemsareshown.Bothdesignscombinespecialtoolholderswithaspecialormodifiedspindleinterface.Bothdesignsleaveintactthefreedomtouseregulartoolholderswhentwo-facecontactisn’tneededThedesignatupperrightmatestoolholdersthathaveextramaterialontheflangewithaspindleinterfacethathasextramaterialatthespindlenoseThedesignatlowerrightusesatoolholderwithaspring-liketaperthatstaysincontactevenifthespindleinterfaceopensup.Shimsattachedtothespindlenoseclosethegaptotheflange普通的刀柄連接在主軸法蘭面留有一個間隙。有一些的刀柄采取封閉這段間隙的方法來達到兩面接觸的目的；該種設計如圖所示。這兩種連接都需要有特殊的主軸端面設計，在需不需要兩面接觸會有一定的選擇自由；如右上圖所示。在刀柄與主軸緊密配合時會因為變形在主軸法蘭連接面之間產生材料的擠壓；如右下圖所示。使用帶彈性錐面接觸的刀柄。其中的墊片可以封閉主軸法蘭的間隙。,Concentricity&Balance/同心度和動平衡,Concentricity(Runout)determinesthatthecuttingedgestakenearlythesamebiteallthewayaroundthetool.Balancedeterminesthatweightisevenlydistributed,socentrifugalforcedoesnotcreateenoughvibrationtoimpairtheprocess.BothareimportantforHSM同心度可以決定刀具在旋轉一周的情況下各切刃部分的切削量是否均勻；動平衡取決于旋轉體上質量的分布是否均勻對稱。各個方向離心力均衡，不至于產生震動減弱刀具加工能力；以上兩者對于高速加工都是很重要的因素。,Concentricity/同心度,Concentricitymeasureshowcloselythetoolholderalignsthetooltothecenterlineofthespindle.Aconcentricgriphelpsensurethatallcuttingedgesseethesamedepthofcut.同心度測量如右圖，通過調整刀夾的中心軸線與主軸的中心軸線重合來調整痛心度。好的同心度控制可以確保所有切削刃在各個方向上有均勻的加工量,Balance/動平衡,Balancemeasuresthedistributionofweightofthetoolandtoolholdertogether.Aperfectlybalancedtool/toolholdercombinationwouldnotgenerateanycentrifugalforceasitspins.Butinreality,somepartofthiscombinedweightwillbeunbalanced.TheunbalancewillproduceavibrationatafrequencyequaltothespindleRPM.Iftheunbalanceamountissmall,thisvibrationwillalsobesmall.動平衡的測量需要將刀具和刀柄整體進行。在主軸旋轉時好的動平衡刀柄和刀具結合不會產生任何的離心力。但是實際上完全的動平衡是不存在的。在主軸旋轉時動不平衡將產生周期性的震動。如果動不平衡量很小，那么這種震動也會很微弱。,Balance&Concentricity/動平衡和同心度,Weightdoesnothavetobesymmetricaltoreducecentrifugalforce,justbalanced.Anunbalancedweightcanbebalancedbyanycounterweighthavingthesameproductofmassradius.Forexample,theweightsshownherebalanceoneanother.Themassesaredifferent,butwheretheyarepositionedmakesupforthisdifference.旋轉體上質量并不一定要均勻分布才能減小離心力，只要平衡就可以了。一個不平衡的重量可以被任何的方向相反大小相等的平衡力(質量半徑)抵消。比如左圖的一個示例。,Itispossibletoimagineatool/toolholdersystemthatisbalancedwithoutbeingconcentric.Inthisdrawing,thecuttingtoolisoffcenter,butthecounterweightcompensatesfortheresultingunbalance.Thistoolandtoolholdermaynotcutevenly,buttogethertheywillspinwithoutvibrationfromcentrifugalforce.可以想象同心度不好的刀具刀夾系統也可以有好的動平衡。在圖中，刀具中心偏移，但是圖中的紅色部位可以補償因此帶來的動不平衡量。雖然像這種刀具切削不能進行均勻的切削，但是不會因為動平衡離心力的影響產生震動。,Balance&Concentricity/動平衡和同心度,Itisalsopossibleforatool/toolholdersystemtobeconcentricbutnotbalanced.Atoolholderwithasetscrewisanexampleofthis.Evenifthetoolholderholdsthetoolperfectlyconcentric,theweightofthescrewitselfwouldnotbebalanced.Thistoolholderwillcausevibrationwhenspun.同樣對于同心度好的刀具也可能動平衡不好。如圖所示的帶緊固螺釘的刀柄。雖然它有很好的同心度，但是它在圓周上的質量分部不均勻，因此在高速旋轉時會產生震動。,Balance&Concentricity/動平衡和同心度,HoldersforGoodConcentricity/優(yōu)良同心度,ThoughahighqualityColletChuckcanachievetightconcentricity,therearealternativestotheColletChucksthatcanmakethisconcentricityeasiertoachieve.高質量的彈簧夾的適用可以獲得好的同心度，但是的刀夾系統也可以獲得同樣的效果，比如燒結式的刀柄。,ShrinkFitHolders/熱縮型刀柄,1-Thetoolholderisheatedpreciselyattheclampingareausingstate-of-the-artinductiontechnology.Theclampingdiameterexpands.2-Thecoldtoolshankisinsertedintotheheatedtoolholder.3-Theheatshrinktoolholderiscooled.Theclampingdiameterreturnstoitsoriginaldimensionandclampsthetoolshank.4-Toolchangesarecarriedoutinsecondsthankstoinductiveheating.Theheatshrinktoolholderandthetoolshankformahomogenousunit!1、應用感應加熱技術加熱刀柄上刀具裝夾部位，使它的直徑會膨脹；2、再將冷的刀桿放入熱的刀柄；3、冷卻刀柄裝夾部位，使其直徑回復至初始尺寸并夾緊刀具；4、在取出時，由于刀具和刀柄一起進行感應加熱，因此不能使用與刀柄有一樣的熱膨脹系數的刀具進行裝夾。,Principleofshrinkfit/熱縮型刀柄裝夾原理,⑤加熱取出,④冷卻夾緊,①環(huán)境溫度,②加熱,③裝夾,,,,,HydraulicChucks/液壓夾頭,A-TheclampingscrewisscrewedinuptothestopusinganAllenkey.B-TheclampingpistonpressesthehydraulicmediumintotheC-expansionchamberandcausesariseinpressureD-Thethin-walledexpansionbushisuniformlyarchedagainstthetoolshank.ThetoolshankiscenteredandthenclampedpowerfullyanduniformlyacrosstheentiresurfaceduringthisclampingprocessE-Specialsealingelement.Ensuresperfectsealingandahighservicelife.Theresult:Absolutelyprecise,powerfulandcentricclampingwithexcellentrunoutcharacteristicsandarun-outaccuracyof<0.003mmA-鎖緊螺釘，使用內六角扳手將鎖緊螺釘擰緊；B-鎖緊活塞，將液壓媒質壓入膨脹室；C-膨脹室，受液體擠壓產生壓力；D-薄膨脹襯套，在鎖緊過程中使刀具裝夾桿中心定位并均勻包絡。E-特殊密封件，確保理想的密封和長的使用壽命；特點：非常高的精度、鎖緊力大、中心固定，具有很好的跳動值<0.003mm,MechanicalDeformation/變形夾持刀柄,Thetoolholdershownherefeaturesaborethatisnotround,butinsteadhasathree-lobedshapesuggestingatriangle.Aclampingdevicemechanicallydistortsthisboretomakeitround,allowingthetooltobeinserted.Thetoolholdersnapsbacktothethree-lobedshapewhentheforceisreleased,clampingthetoolwithoutheatingorcooling.這里的刀柄內徑不是圓形的，而是類似三角形的葉形孔。利用一套機械夾緊變形裝置使其變?yōu)閳A形，適合刀具放入。當鎖緊裝置壓力解除后，刀柄變形恢復，則可鎖緊刀具,BalanceableToolHolders,Abalanceabletoolholderisusedinconjunctionwithabalancingmachine.Themachinemeasurestheunbalanceinthetool/toolholdersystem.Thebalanceabletoolholderfeaturescounterweightsthatcanbeadjustedtocompensatefortheunbalancemeasured動平衡刀柄放在平衡試驗機上測量刀具或刀夾系統的動不平衡量。從而為補償動不平衡提供依據。,ComparisonofToolHolders/刀柄全面評估比對,RunoutofToolHolders/刀夾跳動,RigidityofToolHolders/刀柄剛性,BalanceofToolHolders/刀柄動平衡,VibrationofToolHolders/刀柄震動,EaseofUseofToolHolders/使用方便性,CostofToolHolders/成本,OtherTypesofToolHolders/其他型式刀柄,,面銑刀,莫氏錐度刀柄,鉆夾頭,銑刀夾頭,側固式,兩刀片粗加工和一刀片精加工鏜刀,OthertypesofToolHolders/其他形式的刀柄,角度頭刀柄,增速刀柄,中心供液刀柄,OverviewofTooling,THANKS,,常用工具,