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Unit 3　Under the sea 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 Felicity Miller, a 32yearold British woman, __1__ has a Chinese husband, still remembers the __2__ (excite) when she first learned to use the “red packet” function on WeChat in 2015.She sent and grabbed some red packets in her Chinese family’s group.The rule in her family was that the __3__ (high) amount sent the next. Attracted by the unique way of municating, many foreigners __4__ (join) in sending and grabbing red packets so far.Usually, the money in each packet is random.Thus the amount of money one can grab __5__ (large) depends on his or her luck, from 0.01 yuan to less than 200 yuan.Many foreigners get more familiar __6__ Chinese culture through “red packets”．Two years ago, when Felicity Miller was sent 5.20 or 8.88 yuan red packets, she had no clue about the __7__ (hide) meanings.Now, she has not only known about them, but also has sent a few. However, the popularity of virtual red packets doesn’t stop people sending paper red packets __8__ (contain) real cash during the Spring Festival.It __9__ (call) lucky money.In Chinese tradition, people take giving children lucky money as __10__ blessing. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：許多外國(guó)人通過(guò)“微信紅包”更加熟悉中國(guó)文化。但是真正的紙質(zhì)紅包并未被替代，在春節(jié)時(shí)人們給孩子壓歲錢以表示對(duì)孩子的祝福。 1．who　分析本句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞為a 32yearold British woman，故用who引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。 2．excitement　根據(jù)空前的定冠詞the可知，空處用名詞形式。 3．highest　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，搶到紅包金額最高的人要發(fā)下一個(gè)紅包，故用最高級(jí)。 4．have joined　根據(jù)該句中的“so far”可知，到目前為止，已經(jīng)有許多外國(guó)人被“微信紅包”這一特殊的交流方式吸引，并參與了搶紅包和發(fā)紅包。據(jù)此可知，本句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 5．largely　空處修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)“depends on”，故用副詞形式。 6．with　許多外國(guó)人通過(guò)“微信紅包”更加熟悉中國(guó)文化。get familiar with為固定搭配，意為“熟悉……”。 7．hidden　Felicity Miller不知道這兩個(gè)數(shù)字背后隱藏的意義。根據(jù)空前的冠詞the和空后的名詞meanings可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，故填hidden。 8．containing　paper red packets和動(dòng)詞contain之間是主謂關(guān)系且contain與句子謂語(yǔ)之間無(wú)連詞，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作名詞paper red packets的后置定語(yǔ)。 9．is called　這種紙質(zhì)的紅包被稱為“壓歲錢”。根據(jù)句意可知，主語(yǔ)It 和動(dòng)詞call之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；本句陳述的是一般現(xiàn)象，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 10．a(chǎn)　人們將給孩子壓歲錢作為一種祝福。此處泛指“一種祝福”，故用不定冠詞。 witness n．目擊者；證人；證據(jù) vt.當(dāng)場(chǎng)見(jiàn)到；目擊 (1) (2) ①(教材原句)I thought，at the time，that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times. 當(dāng)時(shí)我認(rèn)為這只是個(gè)故事，但之后我親眼目睹了好多次。 ②He witnessed to __having seen__ (see) the man enter the room. 他作證說(shuō)他看到那個(gè)人進(jìn)入房間。 ③The witness who __witnessed__ (witness) the incident gave witness __to__ the police and promised to be __a__ witness. 這個(gè)目擊了這場(chǎng)事故的目擊者向警察提交了證據(jù)并且答應(yīng)作證人。 ④單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017浙江卷)Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration，__has witnessed__ (witness) a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. abandon vt.遺棄；拋棄；放棄；中止；(與oneself連用)使放縱，n.放任；放縱 (1) (2)abandoned adj.無(wú)約束的；無(wú)度的；放蕩的 (3)with abandon 放縱地；放任地 ①(教材原句)From James’s face，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. 從詹姆斯的臉上我能看出，他害怕被我們拋棄。 ②Walking alone in the forest，he felt __abandoned__ (abandon) by the world. 獨(dú)自走在森林里，他感到被這個(gè)世界遺棄了。 ③The child __was abandoned__ (abandon) by his parents.Eventually the __abandoned__ (abandon) boy was found wandering in the street，__abandoning__ (abandon) himself to despair. 那個(gè)孩子被他的父母遺棄了。后來(lái)有人發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)被拋棄的男孩在大街上游蕩，他已陷入了絕望。 ④單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)However, these plans __were abandoned__ (abandon) because of financial problems. reflect vt.映射；反射；思考vi.思考 (1) (2) ①(教材原句)I’m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic! 我坐在溫暖的夜空下，手里拿著一瓶冷飲，回憶著當(dāng)天的事情——這是神奇的一天！ ②The mountains __were reflected__ (reflect) in the still water of the lake. 群山倒映在平靜的湖水中。 ③To read without __reflecting__ (reflect) is like eating without digesting. 讀書(shū)不思考，好比吃飯不消化。 scare v．恐嚇，害怕；受驚嚇 n．驚嚇，恐慌，恐懼 (1)scare sb.away/off 把某人嚇跑 scare sb.into/out of doing sth.嚇得某人做/不敢做某事 (2)scaring adj.令人害怕的；嚇人的 scared adj.受驚嚇的；感到害怕的 (3)be scared to do sth.害怕干某事 be scared of 害怕…… be scared to death 嚇?biāo)? ①(教材原句)I told myself they weren’t dangerous but that didn’t stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment! 我自言自語(yǔ)地說(shuō)他們并不危險(xiǎn)，但是這一點(diǎn)也不能抑制我那怕得要死的心理！ ②Janice lay on the floor trembling，too scared __to move__ (move)． 賈妮絲躺在地板上直發(fā)抖，嚇得動(dòng)都不敢動(dòng)。 ③They lighted a fire __to scare__ (scare) away/off the wolves. 他們點(diǎn)起了火將狼嚇跑。 【七選五】 Top Ways to Spend the Holiday Season with Pets Taking a nap is a great way to refresh during the holidays，and a nap with your dog or cat(or both)is an excellent bonding opportunity. Holiday time is here.The decorating，the shopping，the cooking，the cleaning，the wrapping...__1__ In the seasons craziness our furry family members tend to get ignored or overstimulated(過(guò)度刺激的)．__2__ But they dont have to：be sure to pay attention and give them a break from the activity when they need it and add them to the fun when they dont. ●Rest time. If your pet seems stressed，have a safe place for him away from activity.Cats should have a quiet，cozy spot to sleep with food，water，and their litter box.__3__ Be sure to have a soft area for sleep，a toy or two，water，and some food.But you might need a nap，too，to refresh for holiday festivities.So use this time to take one together. ●__4__ Many Christmas tree farms wele pets on a leash(皮帶)．Your pet will just love being with you outdoors while you share one of the seasons most honored traditions—picking out the perfect tree.Just be sure to call the farm first to confirm that pets are wele...and you have a new annual tradition. ●Go have a catch. Give your pup a good run and wear him out ahead of when pany visits.__5__ This way，hell be happy and relaxed when greeting guests.Dog parks are ideal as pups can run，chase tennis balls，and socialize with others.Always remember to walk to and from the park with your pup on a leash and poop bags in hand. A．Keep pets on a leash. B．Dogs love playing catch. C．Dogs might also need one. D．But where do our pets fit in? E．Pick out the family Christmas tree. F．As a result，pets can experience restlessness and anxiety. G．Many pets would love to be included in some of the activities. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。如何在假期和寵物一起度過(guò)一段美好時(shí)光？作者給我們提出了幾條建議。 難句分析：Your pet will just love being with you outdoors while you share one of the seasons most honored traditions—picking out the perfect tree.(倒數(shù)第二段第二句) 譯文：當(dāng)你與你的寵物分享這個(gè)節(jié)日中最神圣的傳統(tǒng)活動(dòng)——挑選圣誕樹(shù)時(shí)，它是非常樂(lè)意與你外出的。 1．D　根據(jù)空格前面“The decorating，the shopping, the cooking, the cleaning，the wrapping...”可知，我們通常在假期會(huì)把時(shí)間花在裝飾、購(gòu)物、烹飪、打掃等事情上，D項(xiàng)表示“但我們把寵物置于何地？”與上文銜接緊湊，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。 2．F　根據(jù)上句“In the seasons craziness, our furry family members tend to get ignored or overstimulated(過(guò)度刺激的)．”可知，此處應(yīng)選F項(xiàng)，指“這樣的話，寵物可能休息不好或焦慮”，與上句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。 3．C　根據(jù)上句“Cats should have a quiet, cozy spot to sleep with food，water，and their little box.”及下句“Be sure to have a soft area for sleep，a toy or two，water，and some food.”可知，此處指寵物和人都需要有舒適的地方來(lái)休息。故C項(xiàng)“狗也需要一個(gè)這樣的地方”能夠承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。 4．E　文章倒數(shù)第二段主要介紹了作者建議我們帶著寵物去挑選圣誕樹(shù)。故E項(xiàng)“挑選家庭圣誕樹(shù)”符合題意，適合做本段標(biāo)題。故選E項(xiàng)。 5．B　根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題中的關(guān)鍵詞“catch”和空格處后的“This way，hell be happy and relaxed when greeting guests.”可知，B項(xiàng)“狗喜歡玩接球”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。 help(...)out幫助(某人)擺脫困境或危難；協(xié)助；使(某人)脫離困境 (1) (2)can not help doing sth.禁不住做某事 (3)help oneself(to sth.)自取，自用 (4)can’t help but do sth.不得不做某事 (5)with the help of sb.＝with one’s help 在某人的幫助下 ①(教材原句)What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out? 有什么證據(jù)能說(shuō)明老湯姆幫助捕鯨者擺脫險(xiǎn)境？ ②(2015重慶卷)Walking around the cabin (客艙) can be __of__ help. 在客艙周圍走走會(huì)有幫助。 ③I promised my mother to help her __with__ the housework.But after she went out，I couldn’t help __playing__ (play) puter games.When I looked at the clock，I found my mother would be back in ten minutes，so I couldn’t help but ask my brother __for__ help.At last，with the help of him，I __was helped__ (help) out. 我答應(yīng)我媽媽要幫她做家務(wù)。等她出門(mén)后，我卻情不自禁地玩起了電腦。當(dāng)我看鐘的時(shí)候，發(fā)現(xiàn)我媽媽再過(guò)10分鐘就回來(lái)了。我只能求我弟弟幫忙。在他的幫助下，我終于擺脫了困境。 be/bee aware of 對(duì)……知道、明白；意識(shí)到…… (1)be aware that－clause 知道；體會(huì)到…… as far as I’m aware 據(jù)我所知 (2)make sb.aware that...提醒某人注意…… make sb.aware of...使某人意識(shí)到…… (3)awareness n．知道，意識(shí)；認(rèn)識(shí)；興趣 develop an awareness of...逐漸懂得…… lack of awareness 缺乏認(rèn)識(shí) raise/heighten/increase public awareness of... 加強(qiáng)/提高/增強(qiáng)公眾對(duì)……的意識(shí) (4)unaware adj.不知道的；沒(méi)意識(shí)到的 ①(教材原句)The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me—purples，reds，oranges，yellows，blues and greens. 我首先注意到的是我周圍那些鮮艷的色彩——紫色、紅色、橘黃、明黃、藍(lán)色和綠色。 ②It is important that students develop an __awareness__ ( aware) of how the Internet can be used. 重要的是學(xué)生們要逐漸懂得珍惜父母的愛(ài)。 ③單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)UNESCO recently set April 30 as a day to raise __awareness__ (aware)of jazz music，... hold up 延誤；耽擱；阻擋；攔截，搶劫 hold back 阻止；抑制；隱瞞(消息等)；扣住 hold off (使)疏遠(yuǎn)或避開(kāi)；拖延；推遲 hold on 繼續(xù)；抓住……不放；堅(jiān)持；(打電話)不掛斷 hold out 伸出，提出，提供；堅(jiān)持，不退讓；忍受 hold on to 堅(jiān)持；不放棄 ①(教材原句)．..and when we approached him，I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom. ……當(dāng)我們靠近他的時(shí)候，我看到老湯姆正在水中穩(wěn)穩(wěn)托著詹姆斯。 ②The police were unable to hold __back__ the crowd. 警察阻擋不住人群。 ③They were ready to hold __out__ a friendly hand. 他們準(zhǔn)備伸出友誼之手。 【短文改錯(cuò)】 假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫(huà)一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 (2018煙臺(tái)診斷) Li Ming is a friend of mine.Im glad he changed greatly in the past two years.I clearly remember he was quite fat two years before.He got tired so easy that he couldnt take exercise，that made him very upset.Later，he realized unless he went on like that，he would end up achieve nothing.So he made up his minds to make a change.He went running every morning and played the basketball every afternoon.Besides，he followed a diet of more vegetables or less meat.Gradually he began to lose weight.He is now an energetic boy in good health.So when faced with problems，we should overe it with great determination and strong willpower. 【答案】 Li Ming is a friend of mine.Im glad he changed greatly in the past two years.I clearly remember he was quite fat two years .He got tired so that he couldnt take exercise， made him very upset.Later，he realized he went on like that，he would end up nothing.So he made up his to make a change.He went running every morning and played basketball every afternoon.Besides，he followed a diet of more vegetables less meat.Gradually he began to lose weight.He is now an energetic boy in good health.So when faced with problems，we should overe with great determination and strong willpower. 第一處：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)本句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in the past two years”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故加has。 第二處：考查副詞。根據(jù)句子所使用的一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知，此處是指兩年前。ago立足現(xiàn)在，表示從現(xiàn)在起的2年前；before立足過(guò)去，表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻起的2年前。此處應(yīng)用ago。 第三處：考查副詞。easy是形容詞，意為“容易的”； easily是副詞，意為“容易地”。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞詞組“got tired”，意為“很容易勞累”。故用easily。 第四處：考查定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句型結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，不能用that引導(dǎo)，所以用which指代前面的整句話；或者在that前加and，構(gòu)成and連接的兩個(gè)并列句。故用which/and that。 第五處：考查連詞。unless意為“除非”，相當(dāng)于if...not；if意為“如果”。根據(jù)句意可知，后來(lái)他意識(shí)到如果他繼續(xù)那樣，他將什么也不會(huì)獲得。故用if。 第六處：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。end up doing sth.意為“以做某事而告終”，此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞。故用achieving。 第七處：考查固定搭配。make up ones mind to do sth.是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“下定決心做某事”，mind的單復(fù)數(shù)由ones決定，因?yàn)檫@里是his，所以用單數(shù)。故用mind。 第八處：考查冠詞。球類名詞前不加冠詞。play basketball意為“打籃球”。故去掉the。 第九處：考查連詞。or意為“或者”，表示選擇；and意為“和”，表示并列。此處“more vegetables”和“l(fā)ess meat”是并列的。故用and。 第十處：考查代詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指代上文中的“problems”，所以用them。 As we drew closer，I could __see a whale being attacked__ by a pack of about six other killers. 隨著我們的逼近，我能看見(jiàn)一條鯨魚(yú)正被其他6條虎鯨襲擊。 “see a whale being attacked”看到一條鯨魚(yú)正在被襲擊，句中“being attacked”作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作正在被進(jìn)行。 ①(2015陜西卷)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother __taken__ (take) good care of at home.(作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) 在非洲醫(yī)療援助兩年回來(lái)后，Dr.Lee很高興看見(jiàn)媽媽被照顧得很好。 ②The tall house __being built__ (build) over there belongs to my uncle. 正在那兒建著的高房子是我叔叔的。(作定語(yǔ)) ③__Being bitten__ (bite) by a dog put him into hospital. 被狗咬了使他住了院。(作主語(yǔ)) ④She could not bear __being made__ (make) fun of like that. 她受不了人家那樣跟她開(kāi)玩笑。(作賓語(yǔ)) ⑤單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Yet instead of __being discouraged__ (discourage) by my low progress，I was excited. “being done”形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)表被動(dòng)同時(shí)又表進(jìn)行，然而在作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)時(shí)僅表被動(dòng)。 【閱讀理解】 In the tiny village of Angelica, New York, the post office is more than a place to get mail or send packages. There you’ll find the heart of this lovely munity. It’s where villagers meet and greet friends. When Angelica’s post office was threatened with being closed in the 1980s，a villager，Pat, came up with a plan to save it. “At Christmas time I would hear on the news about towns named Snow or Bethlehem having celebrations,” says Pat, “Why couldn’t we do the same thing with Angelica?” Pat, who is an artist，created a postal cancellation (郵戳) design featuring an Angelica angel. She drew her angels in a traditional fashion and submitted her suggestion to the U.S. Postal Service. Once approved, the drawing was carved into a cancellation stamp that could be used for one day only. The postmistress (女郵局局長(zhǎng)) then had another idea to make the day even more special calling the post office Angel Station. The large increase in mail amount saved Angelica’s post office from being closed and keeps the doors open today. Now it’s tradition that on the first Friday in December，people e to Angelica to mail their Christmas cards. Each year the amount of mail going through the Angelica Post Office increases during late November and early December. Stamp collectors from around the world have accepted the Angel Station cancellation, some sending mail from as far away as France. Because the stamp is destroyed each season, Pat draws a new angel that conveys season’s greetings from Angel Station every year. Post offices may close in other parts of the country, but this tiny one continues. 1.What did Pat do to save the post office? A. She invented a new cancellation. B. She hosted Christmas celebrations. C. She gave the office a better name. D. She designed a special set of stamps. 2.Which of the following can best describe Pat? A. Curious and friendly. B. Humorous and intelligent. C. Creative and warm-hearted. 3.What can we learn about Angelica’s post office from the passage? A. It was pletely closed in the 1980s. B. Its name has been changed many times. C. It is also the centre of local social life. D. Its stamp remains the same each season. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了Angelica郵局及制作郵票的人Pat。 1.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù)文中Pat, who is an artist，created a postal cancellation (郵戳) design featuring an Angelica angel.的描述可知為她發(fā)明了一個(gè)新的郵戳，故選A。 3.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中Because the stamp is destroyed each season, Pat draws a new angel that conveys season’s greetings from Angel Station every year.的描述可知它的名字曾經(jīng)被改過(guò)很多次，故選B。