2019年高考英語(yǔ)試題匯編（10月 上）O單元 湖南（含解析）.doc

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2019年高考英語(yǔ)試題匯編（10月 上）O單元 湖南（含解析） O單元湖南 1 O1完形填空Ⅰ 1 O2完型填空II 1 O3閱讀填空 1 O4閱讀簡(jiǎn)答 4 O1完形填空Ⅰ O2完型填空II O3閱讀填空 【英語(yǔ)卷（解析）xx屆湖南省岳陽(yáng)一中高三10月第二次月考（xx10）】Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. Every person needs energy to go about the day and continue to function correctly. To get this energy, you eat, and your body changes the food into the nutrients and energy you need to survive. Your metabolism (新陳代謝) is directly related to how quickly and efficiently your body creates this energy, and if it takes too long, the food gets stored as fat. A slow metabolism will leave you with less energy and more weight than you probably desire. Your basal metabolic rate (基礎(chǔ)代謝率) is the amount of energy your body consumes while youre resting. When people say they have a slow metabolism, they mean they have a slow basal metabolic rate. Increasing this number is possible through exercise and muscle building. According to Metabolism-Advice. , as your age, your basal metabolic rate will lower as your body begins to deteriorate (衰退). At the age of 30, your body will stop producing the high levels of growth hormone it previously produces. Your body senses that its done growing at 30, so it uses the resources elsewhere. Unfortunately, that means that your muscle will deteriorate more rapidly than before. While you can’t block ages effects or your metabolism, you can fight against it with regular exercise that builds muscle. Although muscle deteriorates quicker with age, a lack of exercise will hurt your metabolism at any age. The muscle developed during exercise is vital to maintaining a healthy body with a normal basal metabolic rate. Therefore, while cardiovascular(心血管的)exercise will burn fat during the work out, building muscle will wisely allow your body to use more calories to give you healthy energy instead of stored fat. Another large factor that determines your basal metabolic rate is your eating habits. Metabolism-Advice. suggests eating small meals every two to three hours. This will make sure that your metabolism is constantly working throughout your day. Another large factor is how healthily you eat. Taking in the required calories for your amount of daily activity will help keep your metabolism from lowering, but taking in too many calories may lead to fat. Title: About slow metabolism I . Definitions ●metabolism—how quickly and efficiently your body creates the energy for it to function correctly ●basal metabolic rate—the amount of 71. by your body when youre resting ●slow metabolism-slow basal metabolic rate II. 72. of slow metabolism ●giving a person less energy ●getting a person to 73._______________ III. 74. of slow metabolism ●deterioration of your body 75. exercise ●unhealthy 76. ●unhealthy diet IV. 77. to slow metabolism ●78.____________________ to build muscle ●eating more often but 79. ____________________ ●80._________________ your body requires for the daily activities 【答案】【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】O3閱讀填空 【技巧點(diǎn)撥】本題和下面一道題從閱讀角度來(lái)看難度不大，主要考查的是學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用能力，尤其是總結(jié)和提煉語(yǔ)言的能力；這就要求學(xué)生們平時(shí)多用自己的語(yǔ)言回答問(wèn)題；多概括文章或段落；多記憶一些典型詞語(yǔ)，如：Effects ，Results，Causes，Solutions等 【文章綜述】本文講述的是保持正常新陳代謝很重要，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)和身體機(jī)能的下降如何保持身體健康；文中講述了有規(guī)律的鍛煉及健康的飲食習(xí)慣對(duì)保持正常新陳代謝的作用。 【答案解析】 71.energy 文中有原句 72.Effects或Results，根據(jù)下文中的要點(diǎn)，此處讓總結(jié)slow metabolism的影響或結(jié)果 73.put on weight或gain weight這是slow metabolism的影響之一 74.Causes 下文中的三點(diǎn)都在說(shuō)明導(dǎo)致slow metabolism的原因 75.for lack of文中有a lack of exercise 76. eating habits 77.Solutions從下文中的三點(diǎn)可以判斷此處講解決的辦法。 78. exercising regularly文中fight against it with regular exercise 79. small meals文中提到要少吃多餐 80.obsoring the energy文中有Taking in the required calories 【英語(yǔ)卷（解析）xx屆湖南省衡陽(yáng)八中高三上學(xué)期第二次月考（xx09）】Section A （10 points） Directions: Read the following passage. plete the diagram / Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer The United Nations estimates that world food production will have to increase by 70% by 2050. A world population growing in number and wealth will require one billion tons more grain each year, and two hundred million tons more meat. The Food and Agriculture Organization says those gains will have to happen largely on existing land. However, according to a new report which provides the first "global assessment of the state of the planets land resources”, large parts of all continents are experiencing damage. One-fourth of all land is described as "highly degraded(退化) ". The greatest threats are losses of soil quality, biodiversity and water resources. Therefore, production rates have been slowing in many areas. Though new agricultural methods and technology are used to increase food production in many countries, yet they have also harmed the land and water. Thus, it calls for greater use of ways that can expand production while avoiding damage to ecosystems. One such practice might be the use of "fertilizer trees." These are fast-growing trees and shrubs（矮樹(shù)叢） whose leaves and roots help make soil richer. Oluyede Ajayi, the leader author of the study, said "Basically these are trees that can fix nitrogen(氮) from the atmosphere and change them into nitrates（硝酸鹽） for fertilizer, for organic fertilizer, for the soil." The farmers who planted fertilizer trees reported double the corn production of other farmers. In Zambia, the fertilized fields provided up to 114 additional days of food. Farmers say they need less rainwater if they use fertilizer trees. The trees reduce water runoff and soil erosion. A recent study found that about 400,000 farmers in southern Africa are using them. The farmers themselves designed and managed part of the testing in the field, and spread the word of their successes. Fertilizer trees can be used to increase food production Problems ● World population growth 71 the increase of world food production ● Large parts of global land 72 by losses of soil quality and water resources, slowing production rates ● New agricultural technology is 73 to land and water 74 Growing fertilizer trees to expand food production without 75 . 76 of fertilizer trees ● Having leaves and roots 77 soil ● 78 into nitrates for the soil ● 79 and loss of soil Good result Farmers using fertilizer trees can produce 80 as much corn as other farmers. 【答案】【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】O3閱讀填空 【答案解析】 71. requires/ will require 第一段第二句A world population growing in number and wealth will require one billion tons more grain each year, 72. are threatened 根據(jù)第二段第四句The greatest threats are losses of soil quality, biodiversity and water resources. 關(guān)鍵詞為threats（威脅，恐嚇），結(jié)合本題，這里需要用動(dòng)詞threaten的動(dòng)詞，由于體重出現(xiàn)by,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞. 73. harmful 根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句yet they have also harmed the land and water.關(guān)鍵詞harm,這里需要的是它的形容詞harmful。 74.Solution 根據(jù)表格左側(cè)內(nèi)容，上面講問(wèn)題，這里是解決問(wèn)題的方法。 75. damaging ecosystems /damage to ecosystem 根據(jù)第二段最后一句關(guān)鍵詞damage to ecosystems. 76. Advantages 根據(jù)表格右側(cè)的內(nèi)容，這里講的是肥料樹(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 77. enrich 根據(jù)第三段第二句These are fast-growing trees and shrubs（矮樹(shù)叢） whose leaves and roots help make soil richer.關(guān)鍵詞rich,這里需要它的動(dòng)詞enrich. 78. Changing nitrogen 根據(jù)第四段nitrogen(氮) from the atmosphere and change them into nitrates（硝酸鹽） for fertilizer, for organic fertilizer, for the soil.抓住關(guān)鍵的詞change和nitrogen,此處需要和上面保持一致，都用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。 79. Reducing water runoff 根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段The trees reduce water runoff and soil erosion. 關(guān)鍵詞reduce water runoff,，和78結(jié)構(gòu)保持一致，都用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)。 80. twice 倒數(shù)第二段第一句關(guān)鍵詞double 兩倍，表倍數(shù)要用序數(shù)詞，故用twice。 O4閱讀簡(jiǎn)答 【英語(yǔ)卷（解析）xx屆湖南省岳陽(yáng)一中高三10月第二次月考（xx10）】Directions: Read the following passage, and answer the questions according to the information given in the passage. Elephants and people are in petition for space. In much of Africa, elephants are now put in national parks. Elephants suffered a serious and steady decrease in number in the 1970s.This was the same time when scientists were beginning to learn a great deal about elephants and their behavior. Studies through the 1980s and into the 1990s showed a lot about their sounds and methods of munication. In Kenya alone, in the 1970s and 1980s, the elephant population decreased from 170,000 t0 25,000. The sharp drop in number was the result of poachers (偷獵者) illegally killing elephants for their ivory. The price of ivory went up from $ 3 a pound to $ 50 to $ 100 a pound. Africa became very attractive to poachers. Bull elephants carried larger tusks (象牙) , so they were more often killed. With males gone and older females killed by poachers as well, there were many young elephants unable to benefit from the wisdom of the older females and matriarchs, who lead the herds. Kenya took a stand that international trade in ivory was officially forbidden, and $ 3, 000,000 worth of confiscated (沒(méi)收的) ivory was burned in Kenya. The following year, only 50 elephants were lost to poachers in Kenya instead of 3,000. But Kenya has the fastest growing human population in the world. People throughout Africa won’t tolerate elephants eating their crops and destroying their livelihoods. In South Africa, elephants live behind the fences of national parks. In some parts of Africa, big-game hunters pay a lot of money to hunt elephants. This keeps their numbers down, and the money goes toward conservation. In Kenya, there are some attempts at birth control to keep the elephant population in manageable numbers to reduce conflicts with people. Faced with a growing human population, elephants are losing the battle for space. It’s unlikely, though, that they will bee extinct(絕種的). They will live in natural parks that bring tourists to Africa as well as India and other parts of Asia. The money from tourism will help elephants to survive. 81. What’s the reason for elephant population decrease? ( No more than 8 words) 82. Why were bull elephants at higher risk of being killed? (No more than 6 words) 83. How can we reduce conflicts with elephants? (No more than 9 words) 84.Why is it not likely that elephants will bee extinct? (no more than 15 words) 【答案】【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】O4閱讀簡(jiǎn)答 【文章綜述】本文講述的是大象數(shù)目減少的原因及如何避免大象與人類(lèi)的沖突，同時(shí)避免大象滅絕。 【答案解析】 81.Poachers illegally killed elephants for their ivory。 或Poacher’s illegally killed elephants for their ivory。文中有The sharp drop in number was the result of poachers (偷獵者) illegally killing elephants for their ivory.可知 82.Because they had large ivory。文中有Bull elephants carried larger tusks (象牙) , so they were more often killed.可知 83.By keeping the elephant population in manageable numbers.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句 84.Because they will live in natural parks whose money from tourism will help them survive.根據(jù)文章最后一段 【英語(yǔ)卷（解析）xx屆湖南省衡陽(yáng)八中高三上學(xué)期第二次月考（xx09）】Section B （10 points） Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Marti Sementelli has been a baseball player since preschool, throwing plastic balls and swinging a tiny wood bat from the time she was 3 years old. She was a solid player at every youth level, and sometimes a star. In xx, Nike even featured the young Californian in a TV mercial. Despite her experience, Sementelli, now 16, had a hard time finding a high school that would allow her to try out for the boys’ baseball team. Two parochial schools (教會(huì)學(xué)校) near her family’s home in North Hollywood said no, and several public schools were lukewarm (冷淡的) to the idea. Finally, she found Burbank High School, where she’s now a sophomore and a member of the JV baseball team. Sementelli’s story is not unique. Across the country, girls devoted to baseball--and with as many seasons of youth ball under their belts as their male teammates--are finding it isn’t easy to stay in the sport when they reach high school. Biology does play a role in the situation: Boys, especially older ones, often have an edge over girls in size and strength, allowing them to throw harder and swing with greater force. But girls say that the toughest battles are not about capabilities, but against the traditional attitude that baseball is for boys. “Most people just are incapable of seeing beyond what’s easy,” says Jennifer Ring, the author of Stolen Bases: Why American Girls Don’t Play Baseball, and a professor at the University of Nevada-Reno. “It is much neater if we say boys play baseball and girls play other sports.” In at least one state, Massachusetts, girls are barred from trying out for boys’ baseball in high schools that also offer softball. Nebraska dropped its ban last year, and in January, Indiana removed its ban after being sued (控告) by the parents of Logan Young, a 15-year-old aspiring catcher and freshman at Bloomington South High School. 81. When did Sementelli begin to play baseball? (no more than 6 words) 82. Where did Sementelli stay in a baseball team? (no more than 6 words) 83. What does the author think about girls’ capabilities in baseball? (no more than 10 words) 84. In which states are girls allowed to play baseball? (no more than 4 words) ______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】O4閱讀簡(jiǎn)答 【文章綜述】文章講述女孩Sementelli在上高中前是一位非常棒的棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，參加過(guò)很多比賽。為了找到一所允許她繼續(xù)參加棒球隊(duì)的高中卻遭到一些教會(huì)學(xué)校和公立學(xué)校的拒絕。通過(guò)Sementelli的事情展開(kāi)對(duì)高中女孩是否應(yīng)該參加棒球比賽討論。 【答案解析】 81. When she was three. 根據(jù)第一段from the time she was 3 years old.根據(jù)句子字?jǐn)?shù)要求縮句，from the time改成when ,years old省略。 82. In Burbank high school. 根據(jù)第三段最后一句she found Burbank High School, where she’s now a sophomore and a member of the JV baseball team.關(guān)鍵詞Burbank High School，問(wèn)的是where,給關(guān)鍵詞前加in，In Burbank high school（注意，句子開(kāi)頭第一個(gè)單詞首字母大寫(xiě)） 83. They are not as strong and powerful as boys.根據(jù)第五段Boys, especially older ones, often have an edge over girls in size and strength, 男孩，特別是大男孩，他們比女孩身體強(qiáng)壯、力氣大。改成相同意思的句子。女孩沒(méi)有男孩強(qiáng)壯有力。They are not as strong and powerful as boys 84. Nebraska and Indiana.根據(jù)最后一段Nebraska dropped its ban last year, and in January, Indiana removed its ban …可知，Nebraska and Indiana。