2020版高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) Unit 3 Inventors and inventions課時作業(yè)（含解析）新人教版選修8.docx

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Unit3 Inventors and inventions Ⅰ.閱讀理解 AnautonomousvehicledesignedformakinglocalcommercedeliverieswasunveiledbyNuro.ThevehicleisabouttheheightofanSUVbutfarnarrowerthanatypicalcar.Theelectriccarfeaturesfourexteriorcompartments(隔層)—twooneachside—toholdseparatedeliveries.Eachcompartmentcanbetailoredtoaspecificuse,suchascookingapizzaorrefrigeratingapackage. “Wecanuseself-drivingtechnologytodeliveranything,anytime,anywhereforbasicallyalllocalgoodsandservices,” Nuroco-founderDaveFergusonsaid. “Consumersusedtobeokaywithtwo-weekpaidshipping.Itbecametwo-weekfreedelivery,followedbyoneweek,twodays,andthesameday.Nowsame-daydeliveryisn??tfastenoughforsomecustomers.” Nuroisn??taloneinbuildingrobotsforlocalcommercedeliveries.Earlierthismonth,Toyota,aJapanesecarcompany,unveiledaconceptvehiclethatcouldbeusedforpackagedelivery.Ahandfulofstart-ups—includingStarshipTechnologies,MarbleandDispatch—aretestingsmallrobotsfordeliveriesonsidewalks. Nuro??svehiclewilllikelyfacelegalhurdles.Fullyautonomousvehicleswithoutatestdriveraren??tlegalinCaliforniatoday,andmanycompanieshaveshiftedtestingtostateswhereregulatorsaremorewelcomingofautonomousvehicles,suchasArizona. Nuroexpectstofacefewerchallengesbecauseitdoesn??tcarrypassengers.Nuro??snarrowsizemayalsobehelpfulwhennavigatingstreetsandavoidingpedestrians.Thevehicleisn??tequippedwithanyspecialfeaturestocommunicatewithpedestriansorotherroadusers.Somecompanieshavetestedandpatentedsolutionssuchasdigitalscreensthatsignalthecar??snextmove.Fergusonsaidhisteamhadconductedstudiesandfoundthatsuchtechniquescouldconfusepeople.Nurobelievesit??sbettertomakesurethecarperformspredictably,sothathumandriversknowwhattoexpectfromit. “Wefeelbycreatingthisnewtechnologythat??sgoingtoenablethislastmiledelivery,we??regoingtobecreatingnewmarketsanddoingthingsthatpreviouslyweren??tpossible,” Fergusonsaid. “Thisisnotswappingjobswithrobots.It??screatingnewmarkets.Therewilldefinitelybenewemploymentopportunities.” 1.WhatisthemaincharacteristicoftheNuro??sself-drivingvehicle? A.Itcancookdeliciousmealsforcustomers. B.Itisapioneerinthefieldofself-drivingvehicles. C.Itisfarnarrowerandhigherthanotherautonomousones. D.Itsdeliveriescanbetransportedinthespecialcompartment. 2.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword “hurdles” inParagraph4? A.Breakthrough. B.Dilemma. C.Restriction. D.Protection. 3.WhyistheNuro??svehiclenotequippedwithcommunicatingfeatures? A.Itsdigitalscreensoftenbreakdown. B.Peoplemaybepuzzledatthefeatures. C.Thefeatureshavenotbeendeveloped. D.Itsperformanceisusuallyhardtopredict. 4.WhatcanweinferaboutFerguson??sopiniononthisnewtechnology? A.Beneficial. B.Challenging. C.Controversial. D.Ambiguous. Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。 Imaginethatyouareinaremotevillagesomewherewithnomedicalclinic.　1　Oncethedoctorsgettoyou,theyexamineyouandtakebloodsamples,buttheywon??tbeabletohelpyouuntiltheytakethesamplesbacktothehospitaltofindoutwhatiswrong.　2　ThankstoengineerAndyOzcan,manypeoplemayneverbeinthissituation.Hehasinventedanappthatturnsyourmobilephoneintoadiagnostic(診斷的)tool. Ozcan??sinventionisimportantbecauseitisveryaccurateandeasytouse.Inmanyremoteplaces,evenifdoctorshavemicroscopesandotherinstrumentstohelpthemmakediagnoses,theremaystillbeotherproblems.Manydoctors,forexample,don??thaveenoughtrainingtocorrectlyinterpretwhattheysee.　3　WithOzcan??smobilephoneapp,healthworkerscantakeaspecialphotoofabloodsampleandsendittoacentralcomputeratahospital.Thecomputerwillthenautomaticallyinterpretthephotoandsendadiagnosisbackinafewminutes. 　4　HistechnologyonlyrequiresamobilephoneandanInternetconnection.Asmorethanfourbillionpeoplealreadyhavecellphones,thecostofestablishingthediagnosticsystemisfairlylow. Byinventingamedicaltoolthatusesexistingtechnology—mobilephones—Ozcanhasdevelopedamedicaltoolthatisbothpracticalandeconomical.Therefore,itcanbeeffectivelyalmostanywhere.　5　 A.AnotherreasonthatOzcan??sinventionisimportantisthatitisinexpensive. B.Eventhoughyoumayonlyhaveasimpleinfection(感染),youmightdiebecauseofthedelay. C.Peoplearetryingtoreducethecostofthisnewmedicaltool. D.Ozcan??ssimple,cost-effectivetoolmightjustsavemillionsoflivesaroundtheworld. E.Thistoolhasbecomemuchmorepopularallaroundtheworld. F.Youbecomeverysickandmustwaitdaysuntilamobilemedicalunitarrivestohelp. G.Asaresult,theymaydiagnoseillnessesincorrectly. Ⅲ.完形填空 Mymotherhasalwaysbeeninvolvedinearlychildhoodeducation.Sheoftensetsthesceneforchildrento　1　thejoyofphysicalactivity,gettingthemexcitedand　2　tolearn. MumwassoproudofmeafterI　3　thetriathlonatthe2000Olympics,butbeforethedust　4　,shegrabbedme,saying: “Nowthisisyour　5　.Useit.” Shewasn??tspeakingfromaneconomicpointofviewbuttalkingaboutthe　6　ofmybeingarolemodel,encouragingkidsto　7　theirdreams. SincetheOlympics,Ihave　8　morethan100schools.Italktothekidsabout “l(fā)ivingalifeless　9　,” aconceptpassedontomebymyparents—theideaof　10　beingaverage.Itellthemthatyouwill　11　whatyoubelieve. AsIwasakid,mymothercametoevery　12　—nottopressuremebutto　13　me.Oneofmyfavouritesports-relatedmemorieswaswhenIwas　14　intheCanadianTriathlonChampionships.AsIranbyabigtruck,Isawmymother　15　ontopofoneofitshugewheels,cheeringforme.Ifinditsadwhenpeoplesaytheirparentshaveneverseenthem　16　. WhenIwasattheUniversity,Icompletedonlyonesemesterandthendecidedto　17　soIcouldraceprofessionallyfull-time.MumwasthefirstpersonIcalled.Itwasa　18　moment.Iwasn??tsurehowshewouldreact. “Mum,Ihavethisopportunity,andIthinkI??mgoingtotakeit.Whatdoyouthink?” Shewasas　19　asever.Itturnedouttobeagood　20　. Supportingyourchildren,trustingtheirdecisions,givingwell-thought-outadvice—thosearedefinitelyimportantqualities. 1.A.experience B.evaluate C.express D.expect 2.A.afraid B.ready C.relaxed D.unwilling 3.A.won B.chose C.played D.watched 4.A.rose B.settled C.flew D.appeared 5.A.luck B.time C.crossroads D.opportunity 6.A.demand B.happiness C.courage D.importance 7.A.display B.follow C.appreciate D.abandon 8.A.served B.attended C.visited D.started 9.A.energetic B.colourful C.miserable D.ordinary 10.A.never B.always C.seldom D.usually 11.A.neglect B.achieve C.suspect D.assume 12.A.practice B.school C.game D.kindergarten 13.A.support B.reward C.instruct D.comfort 14.A.surfing B.jumping C.jogging D.running 15.A.sitting B.speaking C.standing D.performing 16.A.compete B.succeed C.separate D.compromise 17.A.dropin B.dropoff C.dropout D.dropback 18.A.magic B.nervous C.critical D.serious 19.A.attractive B.talkative C.imaginative D.supportive 20.A.consideration B.intention C.suggestion D.decision 課時作業(yè)(三十八) Ⅰ.【文章大意】 文章是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Nuro自主設(shè)計的一種自動駕駛汽車。此自動駕駛汽車被用來遞送貨物,并有著廣闊的前景。 1.D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Theelectriccarfeaturesfourexteriorcompartments(隔層) — twooneachside — toholdseparatedeliveries.”可知,Nuro的自動駕駛汽車的主要特征是它的運送可以在特殊的隔層里運輸,故選D。 2.C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Fullyautonomousvehicleswithoutatestdriveraren??tlegalinCaliforniatoday,andmanycompanieshaveshiftedtestingtostateswhereregulatorsaremorewelcomingofautonomousvehicles,suchasArizona.”可知,在加利福尼亞沒有駕照駕駛?cè)詣咏煌üぞ呤遣缓戏ǖ?由此可推知hurdle意為“限制”,故選C。 3.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第五句“Fergusonsaidhisteamhadconductedstudiesandfoundthatsuchtechniquescouldconfusepeople.”可知,這樣的技術(shù)可能會使人困惑,故選B。 4.A　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Ferguson 的話“‘Thisisnotswappingjobswithrobots.It??screatingnewmarkets.Therewilldefinitelybenewemploymentopportunities.”可知這樣的新技術(shù)增加了新的就業(yè)機會,據(jù)此推測Ferguson認為這樣的新技術(shù)是有益的,故選A。 Ⅱ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個用來診斷疾病的手機應(yīng)用軟件。 1.F　承接上文“Imaginethatyouareinaremotevillagesomewherewithnomedicalclinic.”,并結(jié)合常識可知,在一個沒有醫(yī)療診所的偏遠村莊,病得很重的情況下,只能等數(shù)日才能得到醫(yī)療救助,故選F。 2.B　承接上文“Oncethedoctorsgettoyou,theyexamineyouandtakebloodsamples,buttheywon??tbeabletohelpyouuntiltheytakethesamplesbacktothehospitaltofindoutwhatiswrong.”可知,醫(yī)生要先檢查,采集血樣,無法立即提供幫助,可推知,患者的治療可能會被耽誤,故選B。 3.G　承接上文“Manydoctors,forexample,don??thaveenoughtrainingtocorrectlyinterpretwhattheysee.”可知,許多醫(yī)生因為沒有足夠的訓(xùn)練而不能正確地進行診斷,由此會誤診,故選G。 4.A　承接上文“Qzcan??sinventionisimportantbecauseitisveryaccurateandeasytouse.”,并根據(jù)對本段的整體理解可推知,本段主要說明了這項發(fā)明很重要的另一個原因,故選A。 5.D　承接上文“Therefore,itcanbeeffectivelyalmostanywhere.”可知,由于經(jīng)濟實用,這項發(fā)明幾乎可以在任何地方使用,由此可知,這個簡單且實惠的產(chǎn)品將會挽救全世界數(shù)以百萬計患者的生命,故選D。 Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過講述自己從事鐵人三項運動,受到媽媽的支持和鼓勵并獲得成功的故事告訴我們:支持你的孩子,相信他們的決定,并給予深思熟慮的建議,這些都是教育孩子中重要的品質(zhì)。 1.A　媽媽讓孩子們體驗體育活動的樂趣。experience體驗;evaluate評價;express 表達;expect期待,預(yù)料。 2.B　她讓孩子們興奮起來,準(zhǔn)備學(xué)習(xí)。afraid 害怕的;ready準(zhǔn)備好;relaxed放松的;unwilling不情愿的。 3.A　在2000年的奧運會上作者贏得鐵人三項后,媽媽為此感到驕傲。win贏得;choose選擇;play玩;watch觀看。 4.B　此處指賽前媽媽對作者說的話。beforethedustsettled在塵埃落定之前。rise上升;settle解決,定居;fly飛;appear出現(xiàn)。 5.D　媽媽鼓勵作者要抓住機會。luck運氣;time時間;crossroads十字路口;opportunity機會。 6.D　媽媽說了榜樣的重要性。demand要求;happiness幸福;courage勇氣;importance重要性。 7.B　榜樣的重要性是能鼓勵孩子們追隨他們的夢想。display展示;follow追隨;appreciate 欣賞,感激;abandon遺棄。 8.C　自奧運會以來,作者參觀了100多所學(xué)校。serve服務(wù);attend參加,照料;visit訪問;start開始。 9.D　此處指作者在激勵孩子們要過一種不平凡的生活。energetic精力充沛的;colourful豐富多彩的;miserable痛苦的;ordinary普通的。 10.A　這種想法是不要做普通人。never從不;always總是;seldom很少;usually通常。 11.B　作者告訴孩子們:你會得到你想要的。neglect疏忽;achieve達到,完成;suspect懷疑;assume假定。 12.C　此處指媽媽來觀看作者的每一場比賽。practice練習(xí);school學(xué)校;game比賽;kindergarten幼兒園。 13.A　媽媽來觀看作者的比賽是為了支持作者。support支持;reward獎勵;instruct指導(dǎo);comfort安慰。 14.D　作者最喜歡的一個有關(guān)體育的記憶是參加加拿大鐵人三項錦標(biāo)賽時跑步的情景。surf沖浪;jump跳躍;jog慢跑;run跑。 15.C　作者的母親站在一個巨大的輪子上,為作者歡呼。sit坐;speak講話;stand站立;perform表演。 16.A　當(dāng)人們說他們的父母從未看過他們比賽時,作者感到很難過。compete參加競賽;succeed成功;separate分開;compromise妥協(xié)。 17.C　作者在大學(xué)的時候,只完成了一個學(xué)期的課程,然后決定退學(xué)。dropin 順便訪問;dropoff減少;dropout退學(xué);dropback后退。 18.B　根據(jù)“Iwasn??tsurehowshewouldreact.”可知,那是一個緊張的時刻。magic有魔力的;nervous緊張不安的;critical批評的;serious嚴(yán)肅的,認真的。 19.D　媽媽一如既往地支持作者。attractive具有吸引力的;talkative愛多說話的;imaginative富于想象力的;supportive支持的。 20.D　結(jié)果證明這是一個很好的決定。consideration仔細考慮;intention意圖;suggestion建議;decision決定。